Analyzing the electoral systems of various countries, including those of developing nations, this work examines the relationship between democratic theory values and the electoral institutions used to achieve them. Empirical data is used to find the institutions most appropriate to each model.
This insightful Advanced Introduction provides a comprehensive overview of the organisation, regulation and structure of political parties today. Richard S. Katz discusses the essential role that political parties play in modern democracies, with politics taking place within and among parties. Analysing the significant diversity found between political parties, Katz illustrates the profound impact that the legal definition and organisation of parties can have on a democratic system.
Political parties have long been recognized as essential institutions of democratic governance. Both the organization of parties, and their relationships with citizens, the state, and each other have evolved since the rise of liberal democracy in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Going into the 21st century, it appears that parties losing popular support, putting both parties, and potentially democracy, in peril. This book traces the evolution of parties from the model of the mass party, through the catch-all party model, to argue that by the late 20th century the principal governing parties and (and their allied smaller parties - collectively the political 'mainstream') were effectively forming a cartel, in which the form of competition might remain, and indeed even appear to intensify, while its substance was increasingly hollowed out. The spoils of office were increasingly shared rather than restricted to the temporary winners; contentious policy questions were kept off the political agenda, and competition shifted from large questions of policy to minor questions of managerial competence. To support this cartel, the internal arrangements of parties changed to privilege the party in public office over the party on the ground. The unintended consequence has been to stimulate the rise of extra-cartel challengers to these cozy arrangements in the form of anti-party-system parties and populist oppositions on the left, but especially on the right. Comparative Politics is a series for researchers, teachers, and students of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit: www.ecprnet.eu. The series is edited by Emilie van Haute, Professor of Political Science, Université libre de Bruxelles; Ferdinand Müller-Rommel, Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy, Leuphana University; and Susan Scarrow, John and Rebecca Moores Professor of Political Science, University of Houston.
This volume contains more than twenty essays in the history of modern philosophy and history of religion by R.H. Popkin. Several of the essays have not been published before. Thinkers discussed include Hobbes, Henry More, Pascal, Spinoza, Cudworth, Newton, Hume, Condorcet, and Moritz Schlick.
Magical', 'out of this world', 'an experience you'll never forget': Peter Weir's films have enthralled audiences around the globe. Whether in iconic Australian works such as Picnic at Hanging Rock and Gallipoli or international mainstream thrillers such as Witness, Weir has deliberately created mystical movie experiences. Modern cinema studies is used to dissecting films on the basis of gender, class or race: now, for the first time, Richard Leonard shows that a mystical gaze also exists and is exercised in the secular multiplex temples of today. The Mystical Gaze of the Cinema is a meticulous and accessible book that uses a psychoanalytic approach incorporating the insights of Jung, film theory and theology to break new ground in what continues to be a hot topic in cinema studies: the spectator/screen relationship. Leonard provides a fresh and innovative perspective on what happens when we behold a film.
A concise and practical guide to caring for children with life-limiting conditions, 'Paediatric Palliative Medicine' covers the common symptoms and challenging issues healthcare professionals are likely to encounter, and includes a detailed drug formulary for quick reference.
• Proves that the majority of cases of stroke, heart attack, and hypertension can easily be prevented by maintaining the proper ratio of potassium to sodium in the diet. • Updated with scientific evidence from a recent Finnish study showing a 60 percent decline in deaths attributed to strokes and heart attacks. • Provides a comprehensive program for balancing body chemistry at the cellular level. High blood pressure is entirely preventable, without reliance on synthetic drugs. Dr. Moore's approach is simple: by maintaining the proper ratio of potassium to sodium in the diet, blood pressure can be regulated at the cellular level, preventing the development of hypertension and the high incidence of strokes and heart attacks associated with it. Dr. Moore updates this edition with a new preface reporting on the latest scientific research in support of his program. The most striking results come from Finland, where for several decades sodium chloride has been replaced nationwide with a commercial sodium/potassium mixture, resulting in a 60 percent decline nationwide in deaths attributed to strokes and heart attacks. Extrapolated to America, the Finnish statistics would mean 360,000 strokes prevented and 96,000 lives saved every year. Dr. Moore makes it clear that high blood pressure is only one symptom of an entire systemic imbalance. He outlines a safe, effective program that focuses on nutrition, weight loss, and exercise to bring the entire body chemistry into balance. For those currently taking blood pressure medications, he includes a chapter on working with your physician to ensure that any reduction in hypertension drugs can be effected gradually and safely.
The year 2017 marked the 150th anniversary of Confederation and the 1867 Constitution Act. Anniversaries like these are often seized upon as opportunities for retrospection. This volume, by contrast, takes a distinctively forward-looking approach. Featuring essays from both emerging and established scholars, The Canadian Constitution in Transition reflects on the ideas that will shape the development of Canadian constitutional law in the decades to come. Moving beyond the frameworks that previous generations used to organize constitutional thinking, the scholars in this volume highlight new and innovative approaches to perennial problems, and seek new insights on where constitutional law is heading. Featuring fresh scholarship from contributors who will lead the constitutional conversation in the years ahead - and who represent the gender, ethnic, linguistic, and demographic make-up of contemporary Canada - The Canadian Constitution in Transition enriches our understanding of the Constitution of Canada, and uses various methodological approaches to chart the course toward the bicentennial.
Pagan asceticism: cultic and contemplative purity -- Asceticism in Hellenistic and Rabbinic Judaism -- Christian asceticism before Origen -- Origen and his ascetic legacy -- Cavemen, cenobites, and clerics.
Therapy in Sleep Medicine, by Drs. Teri J. Barkoukis, Jean K. Matheson, Richard Ferber, and Karl Doghrami, provides the clinically focused coverage you need for rapid diagnosis and effective treatment of sleep disorders. A multidisciplinary team of leading authorities presents the latest on sleep breathing disorders (including obstructive sleep apnea), neuropharmacology, parasomnias, neurologic disorders affecting sleep, sleep therapy for women, sleep therapy in geriatric patients, controversies, and future trends in therapy in a highly illustrated, easy-to-follow format. Diagnose and treat patients effectively with complete coverage of the full range of sleep disorders. Find diagnostic and treatment information quickly and easily thanks to a highly illustrated, easy-to-read format that highlights key details. Stay current on discussions of hot topics, including sleep breathing disorders (including obstructive sleep apnea), neuropharmacology, parasomnias, neurologic disorders affecting sleep, sleep therapy for women, sleep therapy in geriatric patients, controversies, and future trends in therapy. Tap into the expertise of a multidisciplinary team of leading authorities for well-rounded, trusted guidance.
Fully revised and updated to reflect the considerable changes in Russia over the last decade, the fifth edition of this classic text builds on the strengths of previous editions to provide a comprehensive and sophisticated analysis of Russian politics and society. The new edition incorporates the latest debates about Russian politics, analysing recent institutional and political developments, and examines the electoral cycle and prospects of the president elected at the end of the process. New to this edition: an evaluation of Putin’s leadership and the country's political performance under him; updated election results and demographic, social, ethnic/national statistics to include results of the 2010 census; changes in the party system, to electoral legislation and to the composition of parliament as well as the relationship between the executive and legislature; coverage of the constitutional changes and governmental appointments under the various prime ministers; more analysis of economic performance including discussion of the energy sector and pipeline politics; changes in Russian foreign policy since EU enlargement, its relationship with NATO since the ‘reset’, as well as its relations with post-Soviet states; assessment of the military reforms and security and defence policy; debates over the question of democracy in Russia today, the nature of the system, and its future prospects. Written in an accessible and lively style, this book is packed with detailed information on the central debates and issues in Russia’s difficult transformation. An unrivalled textbook on the subject it is essential reading for all those concerned with the fate of Russia, and with the future of international society.
This companion to Kryger et al.'s PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SLEEP MEDICINE focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of a full range of sleep disorders in children. Recognized leaders in the field offer definitive guidance on virtually all of the sleep-associated problems encountered in pediatrics, from sleep and colic...to obstructive sleep apnea, neurological disorders, and hypersomnias...to sleep-related enuresis. Presents up-to-date information of the field's hottest topics in chapters on Pharmacology of Sleep in Children · Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders During Childhood · Circadian Rhythm Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment · and Differential Diagnosis of Pediatric Sleep Disorders. Organizes information into separate sections covering normal and abnormal sleep, for quick reference. Makes further investigation easy with abundantly referenced chapters. Addresses both medical and psychiatric sleep disorders. Features the expertise of Drs. Sheldon, Kryger and Ferber - renowned authorities in the field of sleep medicine.
Dr. Richard Barohn and Dr. Mazen Dimachkie lead this publication on Motor Neuron Disease. Focus is on ALS, with inclusion of primary lateral sclerosis, primary muscular atrophy, leg amyotrophic diplegia, brachial amyotropic diplegia, and isolate bulbar ALS. Among the topics presented are. Patterns of weakness, classification of motor neuron disease & clinical diagnosis of sporadic ALS; Potential environmental factors in ALS; Neuropathology; Spinal muscular atrophy; Complementary and alternative therapies in ALS frontotemporal dysfunction and dementia in ALS; Symptoms management and end of life care; Research approaches to slowing progression of ALS; Familial ALS; Kennedy disease and more. Information in this issue presents: Description of the problem (Incidence, Prevalence, Severity, Natural history); 2. Review of pertinent data; Controversial areas discussing aspects such as areas of practice for which there are disagreements and why? What are the arguments and counter arguments and what data support them?; Conclusions using levels of clinical evidence that support or refute an intervention. Procedural steps are provided for diagnostic and treatment discussions along with clinical cases.
For the last decade, concern over drinking water safety has rapidly increased. Revelations of chemical contamination of surface and ground waters, and the realization that drinking water treatment by traditional methods such as chlorination may introduce unforeseen new problems, has focused the attention of the public as well as the research community on these issues. Crossing disciplines, this timely new book addresses the whole issue, combining the expertise of specialists in engineering, biology and chemistry. An ACS Environmental Chemistry Division Symposium book.
For this edition (first in 1984), the editors have updated the collection of primary documents which tell the story of atomic energy in the US from the discovery of fission through the development of nuclear weapons, international proliferation, and attempts at control. The book also includes a new chapter, reflects on Chernoyl, Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Uncovers the hidden world of the military legal system and the intimate history of racism that pervaded the armed forces long after integration. Richard A. Serrano reveals how racial discrimination in the US military criminal justice system determined whose lives mattered and deserved a second chance and whose did not. Between 1955 and 1961, a group of white and black condemned soldiers lived together on death row at Fort Leavenworth military prison. Although convicted of equally heinous crimes, all the white soldiers were eventually paroled and returned to their families, spared by high-ranking army officers, the military courts, sympathetic doctors, highly trained attorneys, the White House staff, or President Eisenhower himself. During the same 6-year period, only black soldiers were hanged. Some were cognitively challenged, others addicted to substances or mentally unbalanced—the same mitigating circumstances that had won white soldiers their death row reprieves. These men lacked the benefits of political connections, expert lawyers, or public support; only their mothers begged fruitlessly for their lives to be spared. By 1960, John Bennett was the youngest black inmate at Fort Leavenworth. His lost battle for clemency was fought between 2 vastly different presidential administrations—Eisenhower’s and Kennedy’s—as the civil rights movement was gaining steam. Drawing on interviews, trial transcripts, and rarely published archival material, Serrano brings to life the characters in this lost history: from desperate mothers and disheartened appeals lawyers, to the prison doctors, psychiatrists, and chaplains. He shines a light on the scandalous legal maneuvering that reached the doors of the White House and the disparity in capital punishment that was cut so strictly along racial lines.
Neurologists, neuropsychologists, and cognitive scientists work with many of the same problems and patients and yet know little about the literature and approaches of the other disciplines. The Neurological Side of Neuropsychology is a primer for neurology residents, graduate students, and established professionals from other fields who wish to enter behavioral neurology. It provides a clear and coherent introduction to contemporary neurological ideas, carefully contrasting the conventional hierarchical model of brain organization to the newer multiplex model that scientists from biological backgrounds currently use. Instead of presenting laundry lists of arcane maladies along with a key of "where in the brain the responsible lesion is," or a compendium of tests for a given situation--the received wisdom that students are required to memorize--Cytowic gives students the historical and conceptual tools they need not only to get up to speed regarding present knowledge, but to go forward.
Introduction to Dental Materials discusses and explains the science of clinical and laboratory dental materials. It will help you understand the properties, limitations and safe usage of different materials, and how to navigate this rapidly changing field to choose the most appropriate materials for your patients. Written in an engaging and accessible way, and featuring updated images and photographs as well as "clinical relevance" highlights, this book is perfectly tailored to the needs of the busy student of dentistry or dental therapy. Written for the benefit of the developing clinician, not the materials scientist perfect for busy students Covers essential facts relating to chemical bonding, metals, ceramics and polymers Explains the terminology used in the description of material behaviour Explores the use of clinical dental materials including the traditional and contemporary materials and associated techniques Covers issues relating to pulpal protection and endodontic materials Describes the use of laboratory and related dental materials to enable better communication with the laboratory team Updated to include dedicated sections on digital dentistry and digital workflows in particular in relation to crown and bridge Revised structure adopted to demystify contemporary ceramics Fully updated content Covers modern restorative materials, the extensive uses of 3D printing and CAD-CAM in dentistry Covers modern direct and indirect adhesive systems Provides the evidence base in relation to the decline in use of dental amalgam An enhanced eBook version is included with your purchase. The eBook allows you to access all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customise your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.
Snapshots of Research: Readings in Criminology and Criminal Justice is a comprehensive, cutting-edge text that provides an introductory overview of the main research methods used in the fields of criminology and criminal justice. This text/reader offers a wide range of modern research examples, as well as several classic articles, including a broad range of readings from the four major branches of the criminal justice system—policing, courts/law, juvenile justice, and corrections—that are relevant to career paths students may be interested in pursuing.
Little is known about the specific disinfection by-products (DBPs) in drinking water that may cause cancer in humans. In fact, toxicological research in the past decade has cast significant doubt on the risk associated with the THMs and HAAs that are subject to regulation. This research identifies from among hundreds of disinfection by-products formed by the chlorination of drinking water those DBPs that are most likely to cause human cancer. Identification of potential cancer-causing DBPs will help researchers prioritize further research.
The Canadian party system is a deviant case among the Anglo-American democracies. It has too many parties, it is susceptible to staggering swings from election to election, and its provincial and federal branches often seem unrelated. Unruly and inscrutable, it is a system that defies logic and classification – until now. In this political science tour de force, Richard Johnston makes sense of the Canadian party system. With a keen eye for history and deft use of recently developed analytic tools, he articulates a series of propositions underpinning the system. Chief among them was domination by the centrist Liberals, stemming from their grip on Quebec, which blocked both the Conservatives and the NDP. He also takes a close look at other peculiarities of the Canadian party system, including the stunning discontinuity between federal and provincial arenas. For its combination of historical breadth and data-intensive rigour, The Canadian Party System is a rare achievement. Its findings shed light on the main puzzles of the Canadian case, while contesting the received wisdom of the comparative study of parties, elections, and electoral systems elsewhere.
The sixth edition of this comprehensive yet concise Rosen & Barkin’s 5 Minute Emergency Medicine Consult pulls together up-to-date and evidence-based practice guidelines for easy use in a busy emergency department. In just two brief, bullet-friendly, clutter-free pages, you can quickly decipher the information you need to confirm your diagnosis, order tests, manage treatment and more!
Head and neck imaging is covered extensively in this issue of Radiologic Clinics. Articles will include: Imaging of the skull base, Imaging of the temporal bone, Orbital imaging, Imaging of the oral cavity, Upper aerodigestive tract imaging (SCCa), Suprahyoid neck imaging, Infrahyoid neck imaging, Imaging of the head and neck lymph nodes, Pediatric head and neck imaging, Emergency head and neck imaging, Imaging of head and neck vascular lesions, Imaging of the paravertebral space, Sinonasal imaging, and more.
No previous work on Eliot’s mission to the Indians has told such a comprehensive and engaging story. Cogley takes a dual approach: he delves into both Eliot’s theological writings and the historical development of Eliot’s missionary work, thereby presenting perspectives that challenge widely accepted assessments of the Puritan mission.
This practical reference provides a clinically oriented management guide to the secondary results of all major classes of psychotropic medications used in North America. Practical Management of the Side Effects of Psychotropic Drugs describes the symptoms, frequency, and treatment options to certain drug reactions addresses general issues of side effect management, such as mechanisms of action, differential diagnosis, patient education, quality of life, and potential legal ramifications explores which compounds are tolerated best in patients with dysthymia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and certain personality disorders covers agents applied in the control of alcoholism and drug abuse discusses dealing with special populations, including the elderly, minorities, and medically ill patients and more! With over 900 references and tables, Practical Management of the Side Effects of Psychotropic Drugs is ideally suited for clinical psychiatrists, primary care physicians, internists, neurologists, psychotherapists, pharmacologists, clinical psychopharmacologists, neuropsychopharmacologists, pharmaceutical and behavioral scientists, and graduate and medical school students in these disciplines.
Principles of Addiction Medicine, 7th ed is a fully reimagined resource, integrating the latest advancements and research in addiction treatment. Prepared for physicians in internal medicine, psychiatry, and nearly every medical specialty, the 7th edition is the most comprehensive publication in addiction medicine. It offers detailed information to help physicians navigate addiction treatment for all patients, not just those seeking treatment for SUDs. Published by the American Society of Addiction Medicine and edited by Shannon C. Miller, MD, Richard N. Rosenthal, MD, Sharon Levy, MD, Andrew J. Saxon, MD, Jeanette M. Tetrault, MD, and Sarah E. Wakeman, MD, this edition is a testament to the collective experience and wisdom of 350 medical, research, and public health experts in the field. The exhaustive content, now in vibrant full color, bridges science and medicine and offers new insights and advancements for evidence-based treatment of SUDs. This foundational textbook for medical students, residents, and addiction medicine/addiction psychiatry fellows, medical libraires and institution, also serves as a comprehensive reference for everyday clinical practice and policymaking. Physicians, mental health practitioners, NP, PAs, or public officials who need reference material to recognize and treat substance use disorders will find this an invaluable addition to their professional libraries.
How will the world end? Doomsday ideas in Western history have been both persistent and adaptable, peaking at various times, including in modern America. Public opinion polls indicate that a substantial number of Americans look for the return of Christ or some catastrophic event. The views expressed in these polls have been reinforced by the market process. Whether through purchasing paperbacks or watching television programs, millions of Americans have expressed an interest in end-time events. Americans have a tremendous appetite for prophecy, more than nearly any other people in the modern world. Why do Americans love doomsday?In Apocalyptic Fever, Richard Kyle attempts to answer this question, showing how dispensational premillennialism has been the driving force behind doomsday ideas. Yet while several chapters are devoted to this topic, this book covers much more. It surveys end-time views in modern America from a wide range of perspectives--dispensationalism, Catholicism, science, fringe religions, the occult, fiction, the year 2000, Islam, politics, the Mayan calendar, and more.
C. Douglas Dillon – heir to a vast investment banking fortune, and one of the richest men in America during his political career – was a Republican who served in a Democratic administration and became one of the greatest modern treasury secretaries. He believed in bipartisanship and public duty, a sensibility that has all but faded from the current political climate. With exclusive access to the family’s archive, in The Dillon Era Richard Aldous sets fresh eyes on a well-documented period in recent American history, unfolding a deeply influential but somewhat overlooked political career. In 1953 President Eisenhower appointed Dillon as ambassador to Paris, and he promoted him to second in command in the State Department in 1958. Tapped by Presidents Kennedy and Johnson for treasury secretary to reassure Wall Street that the nation’s finances were in safe hands, Dillon would become one of President Kennedy’s closest advisors, and perhaps the only cabinet member who was a personal friend. His impact on the Kennedy and Johnson administrations was immense, not least in delivering the most comprehensive income tax cuts the nation had ever seen. Overseas he worked to sustain political cooperation as the Bretton Woods system threatened to unravel. By the time he left office in 1965, the Washington Post recognized Dillon as “by far the best Secretary of the Treasury of the postwar period,” and European Economic Community president Walter Hallstein hailed a new “Dillon era.” Dillon advocated for evolution and reform over radicalism, and he placed the national interest above party interest. The Dillon Era throws new light on the postwar period, identifying Dillon as a pivotal figure in American policymaking during these crucial years of the Cold War.
This perceptive Advanced Introduction provides a contemporary analysis of Russia’s political system, political institutions and its place on the global stage. Richard Sakwa deftly explores Russia’s emergence as an independent state, examining the structure of its existing political and economic system, its transformation following the constitutional reform of 2020, and the immediate and long-term consequences of the Russia-Ukraine war.
Considering the future of European integration, this clear and compelling study explores the interplay between collective action and democracy in the European Union. Richard Balme and Didier Chabanet convincingly show that as support for broadening and deepening integration has waned, contentious and powerful social movements have flourished. The authors analyze the relationship among interest group politics, social movements, and public policy at the EU level though a wealth of case studies on regional policy, unemployment and poverty, women's rights, migration policy, and environmental protection. An essential primer on European democracy, this study will be invaluable for scholars and students in European politics and public policy, globalization and democracy, and comparative social movements.
This work presents an approach to the study of comparative politics that builds on the assumption that political actors and institutions operate within constructed communities of meaning, which in turn interface with other such communities.
Addresses the increase of toxic heavy metals in the environment. Sets the standard for future research in interactions between the skin and metals and metal compounds-covering the general toxicology of 35 metals and metalloids, their occurrence in the environment, significance in nutrition, skin diffusivity, occupational exposure risks, and immunotoxicity.
The benchmark first and second editions of Comparing Democracies represented essential guides to the global study of elections. Reflecting recent developments in the field, this timely third edition gives an indispensable state-of-the art review of the whole field from the world's leading international scholars. With a completely new thematic introduction which explores how democracy is built and sustained, thoroughly updated chapters (many of which are also new) , the third edition provides a theoretical and comparative understanding of the major topics related to elections and introduces important work on key new areas. Comparing Democracies, third edition will remain a must-read for students and lecturers of elections and voting behaviour, comparative politics, parties, and democracy. Contents: Introduction: Building and Sustaining Democracy Lawrence LeDuc, Richard G. Niemi, and Pippa Norris PART I: ELECTORAL INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES Electoral Systems and Election Management Elisabeth Carter and David M. Farrell Political Parties and Party Systems Susan E. Scarrow Party and Campaign Finance Ingrid van Biezen Election Campaigns Christopher Wlezien Campaign Communications and Media Claes H. de Vreese PART II: PUBLIC OPINION AND VOTING Ideology, Partisanship and Democratic Development Russell J. Dalton Political Participation André Blais Elections and the Economy Timothy Hellwig Women and Elections Marian Sawer Conclusion The Consequences of Elections G. Bingham Powell
This Advanced Introduction to Evidence delivers a comprehensive exposition of the major tenets of evidence law, principally from an American perspective. Using the Federal Rules of Evidence as a structural framework, Richard D. Friedman reflects on the underlying policies, psychological perceptions and philosophical viewpoints that underpin evidence law.
There has been in recent years a plethora of defences of theism from analytical philosophers: Richard Gale's important book is a critical response to these writings. New versions of cosmological, ontological, and religious experience arguments are critically evaluated, along with pragmatic arguments to justify faith on the grounds of its prudential or moral benefits. In considering arguments for and against the existence of God, Gale is able to clarify many important philosophical concepts including exploration, time, free will, personhood, actuality, and the objectivity of experience.
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