A Harvard researcher investigates the human eye in this insightful account of what vision reveals about intelligence, learning, and the greatest mysteries of neuroscience. Spotting a face in a crowd is so easy, you take it for granted. But how you do it is one of science's great mysteries. And vision is involved with so much of everything your brain does. Explaining how it works reveals more than just how you see. In We Know It When We See It, Harvard neuroscientist Richard Masland tackles vital questions about how the brain processes information -- how it perceives, learns, and remembers -- through a careful study of the inner life of the eye. Covering everything from what happens when light hits your retina, to the increasingly sophisticated nerve nets that turn that light into knowledge, to what a computer algorithm must be able to do before it can be called truly "intelligent," We Know It When We See It is a profound yet approachable investigation into how our bodies make sense of the world.
What motivates workers to work harder? What can management do to create a contented and productive workforce? Discussion of these questions would be incomplete without reference to the Hawthorne experiments, one of the most famous pieces of research ever conducted in the social and behavioral sciences. Drawing on the original records of the experiments and the personal papers of the researchers, Richard Gillespie has reconstructed the intellectual and political dynamics of the experiments as they evolved from the tentative experimentation to seemingly authoritative publications. Manufacturing Knowledge raises fundamental questions about the nature of scientific knowledge, and about the assumptions and evidence that underlay debates on worker productivity.
Analyzing one of the most dramatic of the new medical technologies--Organ Transplantation--Gift of Life covers those aspects that have general implications for public policy and sociological theory, and describes the social-psycho-logical impact of kidney transplantation itself. Gift of Life beginswith an examination of the overall, unresolved ethical issues related to kidney transplan-tation--the problem of selecting patients for a scarce therapy.., the problem of withholding treatment from patients of greater physical and psychological risk ... the issue of utilizing living related kidney donors vs. cadaver donors. The book concentrates on organ donors and their families, and studies the effect of this type of extreme altruism. It also examines the stress for the family as the members try to decide who, if anyone, will give a kidney. The work shows how individuals and families make major decisions under stress. Discussed in detail are family communication processes and emotional relationships between donor and recipient, as well as the impact of donation upon the family of the cadaver-donor. The final analysis deals with the health care delivery issues and the questions of funding created by the rapid rise of this new technology. Gift of Life, with its exposition of decision making communication, and reaction to stress, is of relevance to social science theory and policy.
Dr. Conway mapped the spatial and temporal structure of the cone inputs to single neurons in the primary visual cortex of the alert macaque. Color cells had receptive fields that were often Double-Opponent, an organization of spatial and chromatic opponency sufficient to form the basis for color constancy and spatial color contrast. Almost all color cells gave a bigger response to color when preceded by an opposite color, suggesting that these cells also encode temporal color contrast. In sum, color perception is likely subserved by a subset of specialized neurons in the primary visual cortex. These cells are distinct from those that likely underlie form and motion perception. Color cells establish three color axes sufficient to describe all colors; moreover these cells are capable of computing spatial and temporal color contrast - and probably contribute to color constancy computations - because the receptive fields of these cells show spatial and temporal chromatic opponency.
Presenting higher education teaching as a performative, creative, and improvisational activity, Teaching with Confidence in Higher Education explores how skills and techniques from the performing arts can be used to increase the confidence and enhance the performance of teachers. Guiding readers to reflect on their own teaching practices, this helpful and innovative book proposes practical techniques that will improve higher education teachers’ abilities to lead and facilitate engaging and interactive learning sessions. Encouraging the creation of inclusive learning experiences, the book offers insights into how performative techniques can help place the student centre stage. Drawing on a variety of performing arts contexts, including acting, singing, stand-up comedy, and dance, as well as interviews with academics and performers, the book helps readers to: Critically analyse their own practice, identifying areas for improvement Manage their anxiety and ‘stage fright’ when it comes to teaching Become more aware of both their voice and body, establishing professional techniques to improve physical and vocal performance Learn to improvise in order to prepare for the unprepared Understand the concepts of active learning and inclusivity within the classroom. Raising awareness of good practice as well as potential areas for development, Teaching with Confidence in Higher Education is ideal for anyone new to teaching in higher education or looking to improve student engagement through the performance aspects of their teaching.
Long before “Cesar Chávez” and “Chicano” became commonly known, the word “bracero” had established itself in the language of American politics. The Mexican Farm Labor Program—or bracero program as it came to be known—was from its inception in 1942 a highly controversial issue. At international, national, and subnational levels, it remained the focal point of an intense interest-group struggle. This struggle and its group combatants provide the central concern of this study. In the early 1940’s agribusiness interests had sought to contract Mexican laborers (“braceros”) for work on United States farms. With the entry of the United States into World War II, legislation was passed for contracting braceros on a large scale. What was originally a wartime measure soon became an institution. During twenty-two years, 4.2 million braceros were contracted. The United States, at the insistence of the Mexican government, became a partner in the program, ensuring that the braceros were provided housing, set wages, and other benefits. The program was, however, detrimental to one group in the United States: the native farmworker. Not only was the bracero provided guarantees that the native could not demand, but the bracero also got the native’s job. During the late forties and fifties, organized labor gathered its forces in Congress to oppose the program. Finally, an administration favorable to the native farmworker threw its support behind the native laborer, and through the Department of labor measures were passed that made it less attractive to hire foreign labor. In the end, the anti-bracero forces won out in Congress and defeated extension of the Mexican Farm Labor program. At the same time, the United States government, by setting the working standards for foreign workers, brought about an improvement in the working conditions and wages of native farm laborers. Besides the conflicts between domestic interests, Craig examines the international conflicts and issues involved, as well as the international agreements that were the basis of bracero contracting. He discusses with perception the program’s immediate and long-range effects on Mexico. His study analyzes and clarifies one of the most controversial domestic and international programs of the twentieth century.
This book shares the practical and tested experiences of board members and college presidents. Various dimensions of board performance are covered, from the ability to discern the culture and norms of the organization to the importance of being well informed about the roles, responsibilities, and performance of board members. The authors describe how a board can develop and maintain healthy relationships with key constituencies and how it shapes institutional direction.
The gap between the abundance of American higher education talent and the immense foreign demand for it is the great chasm in global education. It is a gulf of lost opportunities. It is also a space of great economic potential. This book describes the great chasm, examines factors underlying it, and suggests ways to bridge the gap to realize this potential. The abundance of talent stems from the slackening growth of the U.S. higher education sector in the New Millennium. Contributing to the slowdown are flat enrollments, adverse demographic trends, U.S. visa restrictions, and intensifying competition. The immense foreign demand has been fueled by the secular expansion of the global economy. It has been shaped by the pressing need in emerging markets to develop an educated workforce. The great chasm creates an opportunity for American academic institutions to extend their global reach. Bridging the gap, however, is not an easy feat for most U.S. colleges and universities. It is complicated by an institutional culture that is averse to commercialization, an organizational structure that is operationally slow, and a governance system that often leads to indecision, conflict, and paralysis. Bridging the gap requires fundamental changes in the culture, organization, and governance of traditional U.S. academic institutions. These changes will pave the way for international expansion, which could enhance the financial well-being of these institutions, the social-well-being of less developed nations, and the critical role that America plays globally in knowledge creation, the dissemination of ideas, and the pursuit of the truth.
Tap into the gold standard on central nervous system infections: Infections of the Central Nervous System, 4e is now fully revised and updated to accommodate the wealth of new CNS information discovered over the past decade. More than 90 leading experts contribute chapters, providing comprehensive, up-to-date information. With a broad scope and thorough detail, the text addresses pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and therapy of various CNS infections and related conditions. Features: Every chapter has been extensively revised and updated, nearly half with new author teams NEW chapter on acute encephalitis NEW clinical information on treatment of tuberculosis, non-tubercular mycobacterial infections, brain abscess, and Lyme disease NEW color design and color images Numerous diagrams, figures, tables, illustrations and photographs demonstrate the content Evidence-based references
It remains something of a mystery why some individuals behave in persistently malevolent and destructive ways towards their fellows, causing untold harm both to themselves and their victims. This book argues that to understand the roots of antisocial behaviour, one first has to understand what motivates the majority of people to behave prosocially - to think, feel and act in non-malevolent ways. All people are motivated to seek emotion goals - to feel thrilled and excited, to feel safe from the threats of others, to feel a sense of justice, and to feel gratified. However some individuals seek these emotion goals in antisocial ways due to an excess of emotions such as distrust, boredom, greed, vengeance and insecurity. The authors outline interpersonal and neurobiological correlates of antisocial personality, its developmental antecedents, its frequency and pattern across different societies and cultures, and different approaches to its treatment and rehabilitation.
The definitive biography of the life and work of Elton Mayo (1880-1949) is the first full, accurate account of the activities and intimate life of one of Australia and America's pioneering social scientists. Mayo, who established the scientifi c study of organizational behavior, was highly infl uential in American social science and business management theory, following his work at the Harvard Business School and the Western Electric Company.
In this revised and expanded second edition, you will find a comprehensive history of the United States Army Reserve, from its birth on April 23, 1908 with limited mission to a force of almost one million men and women serving and their contributions to the national defense structure of our country. There is a great deal of material relating to the US Army Reserve role in Desert Shield and Desert Storm time-frame. Questions about the "Total Force" and how well it worked during the Gulf Conflict as well as the Army Reserve's size and structure are a few of the author's controversial topics covered within this volume. Select black and white photos interspersed throughout add a visual component to this dense text as well as several appendices to provide additional historical relevance. Related products: Other products relating to the U.S. Army Reserve Command can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/army-reserve-command Warrior Citizen: The official magazine fo the U.S. Army Reserve print subscription is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/warrior-citizen-official-magazine-us-army-reserve Operational Reservations: Considerations for a Total Army Force available here:https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/operational-reservations-considerations-total-army-force
During the four decades following the Second World War, the Royal Military College of Canada has adapted to the need to produce professional career officers by evolving into an academic centre of excellence and one of the country's leading universities. Along the way, it has responded to the challenges of service integration and unification, bilingualism, the emergence of Collège militaire royal and Royal Roads Military College, the employment of women in non-traditional roles, Canada's changing cultural make-up, and the rapid pace of technological change. In a society in which the precepts of military service are increasingly remote, the continued competition for entrance into RMC speaks of its resilience as a centre of learning and leadership.
Neuroscience Fundamentals for Communication Sciences and Disorders, Second Edition is a comprehensive textbook primarily designed for undergraduate neural bases or graduate neuroscience courses in communication sciences and disorders programs (CSD). The text can also be used as an accessible go-to reference for speech-language pathology and audiology clinical professionals practicing in medical and rehab settings. Written with an engaging and conversational style, the author uses humor and analogies to explain concepts that are often challenging for students. Complemented by more than 400 visually rich and beautifully drawn full-color illustrations, the book emphasizes brain and behavior relationships while also ensuring coverage of essential neuroanatomy and neurophysiology in an integrative fashion. With a comprehensive background in the principles, processes, and structures underlying the workings of the human nervous system, students and practitioners alike will be able to better understand and apply brain-behavior relationships to make appropriate clinical assessments and treatment decisions. Extending well beyond traditional neuroanatomy-based textbooks, this resource is designed to satisfy three major goals: Provide neuroanatomical and neurophysiological detail that meets the real-world needs of the contemporary CSD student as they move forward toward clinical practice and into the future where advancements in the field of health and brain sciences are accelerating and contributing more and more each day to all areas of rehabilitation. Provide clear, understandable explanations and intuitive material that explains how and why neuroanatomical systems, processes, and mechanisms of the nervous system operate as they do during human behavior. Provide a depth and scope of material that will allow the reader to better understand and appreciate a wide range of evidence-based literature related to behavior, cognition, emotion, language, and sensory perception—areas that all directly impact treatment decisions. New to the Second Edition: * 40 new full-color illustrations * Reorganization and division of content from Chapters 4, 5, and 6 of the previous edition, into six new and more digestible chapters * A new standalone chapter on the cranial nerves * Addition of a major section and discussion on the neural bases of swallowing * Addition of more summary tables and process flowcharts to simplify the text and provide ready-made study materials for students * Revisions to most figures to improve their clarity and coherence with the written material Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book.
Features a wellspring of seminal research studies critical to understanding the complex issues surrounding mental health care and diversity. Providing a wealth of in-depth research into delivering culturally competent care, this rich anthology examines general issues in multicultural counseling competence training; ethnic minority intervention and treatment research; and sociocultural diversities. Key Features and Benefits Features carefully selected research articles that are accessible to and practical for mental health practitioners and students Provides critical background research that sprang from rigorous research methods and multivariate statistical processes Opens with the key article that details the development of the ground-breaking 21-item California Brief Multicultural Competence Scale
How the French have used American culture to define a unique modern identity There are over 1,000 McDonald's on French soil. Two Disney theme parks have opened near Paris in the last two decades. And American-inspired vocabulary such as "le weekend" has been absorbed into the French language. But as former French president Jacques Chirac put it: "The U.S. finds France unbearably pretentious. And we find the U.S. unbearably hegemonic." Are the French fascinated or threatened by America? They Americanize yet are notorious for expressions of anti-Americanism. From McDonald's and Coca-Cola to free markets and foreign policy, this book looks closely at the conflicts and contradictions of France's relationship to American politics and culture. Richard Kuisel shows how the French have used America as both yardstick and foil to measure their own distinct national identity. They ask: how can we be modern like the Americans without becoming like them? France has charted its own path: it has welcomed America's products but rejected American policies; assailed America's "jungle capitalism" while liberalizing its own economy; attacked "Reaganomics'" while defending French social security; and protected French cinema, television, food, and language even while ingesting American pop culture. Kuisel examines France's role as an independent ally of the United States—in the reunification of Germany and in military involvement in the Persian Gulf and Bosnia—but he also considers the country's failures in influencing the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton administrations. Whether investigating France's successful information technology sector or its spurning of American expertise during the AIDS epidemic, Kuisel asks if this insistence on a French way represents a growing distance between Europe and the United States or a reaction to American globalization. Exploring cultural trends, values, public opinion, and political reality, The French Way delves into the complex relationship between two modern nations.
By focusing closely on the basic ideas behind sociological theory and research, this concise text provides a firm knowledge base without overwhelming students with nonessential material. Because theories and research methods are applied to substantive areas throughout the text, students develop the kind of meaningful understanding often acquired only through more expensive, full-length texts.
This brief 4-colour paperback text covers all of the major topics in Sociology that instructors would cover in a 12- to 14-week course. Instructors will welcome the integration of race and gender issues throughout the text. Cross-cultural coverage is extensive. It is accompanied by a first rate ancillary package, including an innovative electronic study guide. This text will appeal to students and instructors who find they are simply unable to work through an introductory Sociology text with 20 chapters or more. Videos available - contact local sales rep.
A Cognitive Psychology of Mass Communication is the go-to text for any course that adopts a cognitive and psychological approach to the study of mass communication. In its sixth edition, it continues its examination of how our experiences with media affect the way we acquire knowledge about the world, and how this knowledge influences our attitudes and behavior. Using theories from psychology and communication along with reviews of the most up-to-date research, this text covers a diversity of media and media issues ranging from commonly discussed topics, such as politics, sex, and violence, to lesser-studied topics, such as sports, music, emotion, and prosocial media. This sixth edition offers chapter outlines and recommended readings lists to further assist readability and accessibility of concepts, and a new companion website that includes recommended readings, even more real-world examples and activities, PowerPoint presentations, sample syllabi, and an instructor guide.
Long considered the bible of thoracic surgery, this comprehensive two-volume textbook guides you through virtually every open and endoscopic surgical technique with expert commentary by the leaders in thoracic surgery from around the world. Coverage includes extensive sections on lung cancer and other pulmonary tumors. All facets of thoracic disease are covered from anatomy and embryology to diagnostics, including extensive radiological sections. Multidisciplinary contributions on medical treatment, radiation oncology, and surgery and anesthesia are included. Highlights include new material on minimally invasive procedures and thoroughly updated diagnostic and treatment information. Operative checklists are included in procedural chapters, and procedures are presented as bulleted to-do lists wherever possible. A companion Website will offer the fully searchable text with all images and video clips of selected procedures.
By focusing on four specific hotbeds of instability-Somalia, Chechnya, Afghanistan, and Iraq-Richard H. Shultz Jr. and Andrea J. Dew carefully analyze tribal culture and clan associations, examine why "traditional" or "tribal" warriors fight, identify how these groups recruit, and where they find sanctuary, and dissect the reasoning behind their strategy. Their new introduction evaluates recent developments in Iraq and Afghanistan, the growing prevalence of Shultz and Dew's conception of irregular warfare, and the Obama Defense Department's approach to fighting insurgents, terrorists, and militias. War in the post-Cold War era cannot be waged through traditional Western methods of combat, especially when friendly states and outside organizations like al-Qaeda serve as powerful allies to the enemy. Bridging two centuries and several continents, Shultz and Dew recommend how conventional militaries can defeat these irregular yet highly effective organizations.
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