In Makers of Democracy A. Ricardo López-Pedreros traces the ways in which a thriving middle class was understood to be a foundational marker of democracy in Colombia during the second half of the twentieth century. Drawing on a wide array of sources ranging from training manuals and oral histories to school and business archives, López-Pedreros shows how the Colombian middle class created a model of democracy based on free-market ideologies, private property rights, material inequality, and an emphasis on a masculine work culture. This model, which naturalized class and gender hierarchies, provided the groundwork for Colombia's later adoption of neoliberalism and inspired the emergence of alternate models of democracy and social hierarchies in the 1960s and 1970s that helped foment political radicalization. By highlighting the contested relationships between class, gender, economics, and politics, López-Pedreros theorizes democracy as a historically unstable practice that exacerbated multiple forms of domination, thereby prompting a rethinking of the formation of democracies throughout the Americas.
Explores the legal relationships of enslaved people and their descendants during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Spanish America Atlantic slavery can be overwhelming in its immensity and brutality, as it involved more than 15 million souls forcibly displaced by European imperialism and consumed in building the global economy. Mastering the Law: Slavery and Freedom in the Legal Ecology of the Spanish Empire lays out the deep history of Iberian slavery, explores its role in the Spanish Indies, and shows how Africans and their descendants used and shaped the legal system as they established their place in Iberoamerican society during the seventeenth century. Ricardo Raúl Salazar Rey places the institution of slavery and the people involved with it at the center of the creation story of Latin America. Iberoamerican customs and laws and the institutions that enforced them provided a common language and a forum to resolve disputes for Spanish subjects, including enslaved and freedpeople. The rules through which Iberian conquerors, settlers, and administrators incorporated Africans into the expanding Empire were developed out of the need of a distant crown to find an enforceable consensus. Africans and their mestizo descendants, in turn, used and therefore molded Spanish institutions to serve their interests.Salazar Rey mined extensively the archives of secular and religious courts, which are full of complex disputes, unexpected subversions, and tactical alliances among enslaved people, freedpeople, and the crown. The narrative unfolds around vignettes that show Afroiberians building their lives while facing exploitation and inequality enforced through violence. Salazar Rey deals mostly with cases originating from Cartagena de Indias, a major Atlantic port city that supported the conquest and rule of the Indies. His work recovers the voices and indomitable ingenuity that enslaved people and their descendants displayed when engaging with the Spanish legal ecology. The social relationships animating the case studies represent the broader African experience in the Americas during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.
Offering a transdisciplinary analysis of works by Gloria Anzaldúa, Cherríe Moraga, Ana Castillo, Emma Pérez, Alicia Gaspar de Alba, and Sandra Cisneros, this book explores how radical Chicanas deal with tensions that arise from their focus on the body, desire, and writing.
The coalfields of northern New Mexico are the setting for the remembrances of six-year-old Matias Montaño, a fictionalized version of the author's life in the last years of World War II. García writes about ordinary coal-mining people as they struggle to make a living and raise families, and about their heroism, joy for living, and their belief in the value of education, hard work, and the American Dream. For Matias, his brothers, friends, and the adults in their lives, the poor living conditions did not interfere with their adventures and activities, which included collecting scrap iron, picking chokecherries, tracking deer, hunting rattlesnakes, and riding hand cars down the railroad tracks. This book presents a fresh and richly textured view of life in a mining town from the Hispanic viewpoint but includes folklore and stories told by the town's many other ethnic groups, among them Italian, Slavic, and Greek immigrants and African Americans, all working together in support of the war effort and in search of better lives.
This is the second edition of Holdsworth and Simpson’s highly practical work on a subject of growing importance in this age of convenience foods. As before, it discusses the physical and engineering aspects of the thermal processing of packaged foods, and examines the methods which have been used to establish the time and temperature of processes to sterilize or pasteurize the food. However, there is lots of new material too. Unlike other texts on thermal processing, which cover very adequately the technology of the subject, the unique emphasis of this text is on processing engineering and its relation to the safety of processed foods products.
The Story of Bella Montez begins when she sets out on a journey looking for a place to settle in. She was looking for a place to live a normal life away from sorcery and a relentless powerful witch-hunter. Her wish was to find peace in a place where she would be among good people and a desire to have a family of her own to love...
Growing up on Green Street in Laredo, Texas, Ricardo Palacios made the wilderness his playground. The woods, the nearby creek, and the vastness of Chacon Creek Canyon transported him and his young friends away from the strife and poverty of the barrio and into the splendor of nature. Looking back on his life, Palacios reflects on seventy years of memoriesfrom his birth through his days at the all-male St. Josephs Academy Catholic school, capturing the powerful camaraderie he shared with his classmates and his experiences playing high school football. He next takes a hard look at his college years, during which he flunked out twice before finally making the commitment to graduate with honors and obtain a law degree. Palacios places his life experiences under a microscope, sharing periods of heavy alcohol use, very stressful years as a rookie attorney, and tales from the trenches about the pitfalls, successes, and failures of his legal practice. He describes his twenty-eight-year marriage, pondering how and why it failed, and tells of wonderful years raising his children on a cattle ranch, with plenty of opportunities for hunting and camping. Green Street Kid is more than the story of one mans life. It is a portrait of the life and culture of South Texas, where the majority of the population is Hispanic and conflicts sometimes develop between Hispanics and Anglos. It is a story of falling down and rising up again.
The great wartime leader, Winston Churchill, once remarked, “Democracy is the worst form of government, except for all those other forms that have been tried from time to time.” Democracy on Trial recounts the history of this progressive form of governance while comparing it to a competing form: absolutism. Today we see the results of this conflict: flourishing civilization on one hand and crushing despotism on the other. Dr. Lasso, from his own bitter experiences with the despotism of Panama’s dictator, shows us how today’s democracy was won and how it must be vigilantly earned. Dr. Lloyd Muller Historian
Authored by two experts in the field who have been long-time collaborators, this monograph treats the scattering and inverse scattering problems for the matrix Schrödinger equation on the half line with the general selfadjoint boundary condition. The existence, uniqueness, construction, and characterization aspects are treated with mathematical rigor, and physical insight is provided to make the material accessible to mathematicians, physicists, engineers, and applied scientists with an interest in scattering and inverse scattering. The material presented is expected to be useful to beginners as well as experts in the field. The subject matter covered is expected to be interesting to a wide range of researchers including those working in quantum graphs and scattering on graphs. The theory presented is illustrated with various explicit examples to improve the understanding of scattering and inverse scattering problems. The monograph introduces a specific class of input data sets consisting of a potential and a boundary condition and a specific class of scattering data sets consisting of a scattering matrix and bound-state information. The important problem of the characterization is solved by establishing a one-to-one correspondence between the two aforementioned classes. The characterization result is formulated in various equivalent forms, providing insight and allowing a comparison of different techniques used to solve the inverse scattering problem. The past literature treated the type of boundary condition as a part of the scattering data used as input to recover the potential. This monograph provides a proper formulation of the inverse scattering problem where the type of boundary condition is no longer a part of the scattering data set, but rather both the potential and the type of boundary condition are recovered from the scattering data set.
If youre unsure of which patron saint to call on when confronting obstacles, then you need this ready reference. Arranged alphabetically by subject and by saint, it includes thousands of listings and hundreds of holy advocates. Youll discover one hundred and fifty titles for the Blessed Virgin Mary resulting in more than seven thousand invocations. Youll learn about saints from the British Isles, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Mexico, New Mexico, Northern Europe, South America, Spain, and elsewhere. Almost every country has a patron saint, and some have several. The saint most commonly invoked for particular needs is marked by bold script, but youll also become acquainted with lesser-known saints that you can invoke. Youll find patrons for sinners, such as thieves; patrons for children, including by gender and type; patrons for various types of animals; patrons for different ailments; and many more. The Comprehensive Dictionary of Patron Saints is invaluable for authors, churches, libraries, and the faithful seeking to conduct research, answer questions, and overcome lifes most difficult challenges.
Although science has unlocked the secrets of the human genome, the causes of social and economic development remain stubbornly enigmatic. Why do some countries adopt new technologies more readily than others? Why does income inequality persist in some regions--even in the face of rapid economic growth? Why do some societies welcome the challenges of globalization while others attempt to turn back the tide? Honoring the Past, Building the Future examines these and many related questions through the experience of Latin America and the Caribbean. In an accessible, journalistic style, author Ricardo Ávila explores a tumultuous half-century in which the region went from backwater to breadbasket, from dictatorship to democracy, and from economic basket case to emerging power.
The growth of the Latino population is the most significant demographic shift in the United States today. Yet growth alone cannot explain this population’s increasing impact on the electorate; nor can a parsing of its subethnicities. In the most significant analysis to date on the growing political activation of Latinos, Ricardo Ramírez identifies when and where Latino participation in the political process has come about as well as its many motivations. Using a state-centered approach, the author focuses on the interaction between demographic factors and political contexts, from long-term trends in party competition, to the resources and mobilization efforts of ethnic organizations and the Spanish-language media, to the perception of political threat as a basis for mobilization. The picture that emerges is one of great temporal and geographic variation. In it, Ramírez captures the transformation of Latinos’ civic and political reality and the engines behind the evolution of this crucial electorate. Race, Ethnicity, and Politics
After supporting Préval as the indispensable President of Haiti, the United States and France grew increasingly antagonistic to him and were bent on preventing the election of his handpicked successor, Jude Célestin. In fact, Seitenfus reveals that this antagonism reached the point where the Core Group led by Mulet attempted to remove Préval from office and send him into exile. Had it not been for the intervention of Seitenfus himself, Préval might well have had in Mulet's words "to leave the presidency and abandon Haiti." While the Core group failed to carry this gross and illegal coup, it nonetheless succeeded in creating a process that changed the results of the first round of the presidential elections and opened the way to Martelly's election in the second round. Seitenfus' explosive revelations are of great significance and deserve to be known by a wide audience. In addition, Seitenfus expands the thoughts he initially developed in an interview published in December 2010 that was highly critical of the international intervention in Haiti and that ultimately led to his firing by the OAS. Haiti: International Dilemmas and Failures shows convincingly that the intervention has been a failure. It has not contributed to any significant economic development, it has failed to stabilize the democratic transition, and it has a deeply flawed record on establishing the institutions required for a secure environment. He also makes the case that the agreements signed between the Haitian government and the UN allowing MINUSTAH to take control of the country were illegal; they lacked the endorsement of Haiti's president, and were thus unconstitutional. Seitenfus is not only critical of the foreign community; he has harsh words for the behavior of Haiti's venal political class and predatory elite. While he has good things to say about Préval, he is right in condemning his anarchic disdain for institutions and his slow and hesitant reaction to the earthquake. Préval was no dictator and probably did more for national reconciliation than any other Haitian leader, but he lacked a sense of purpose to guide the country in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake. In conclusion, Seitenfus has written a provocative and most persuasive and detailed account of the travail of the foreign occupation of Haiti. It will attract a wide audience; "Haitianists," academics and professionals studying international relations, humanitarian interventions, the Caribbean, Latin America, and the UN will be interested in Haiti: International Dilemmas and Failures. Seitenfus has thus written an important and critical book that will become a must read for anyone interested in Haiti, development, and humanitarian interventions. He shows persuasively that the type of foreign assistance that Haiti has been receiving does more harm than good. I am convinced that Haiti: International Dilemmas and Failures will be a major reference in Haitianist circles for a long time to come; it is an eloquent challenge to the prevailing system of foreign assistance and imperial interference. It is the work of a brave man and real humanist. July 21 2020 Robert Fatton Jr. Julia Cooper Professor of Politics Department of Politics University of Virginia
Closes the gap between bioscience and mathematics-based process engineering This book presents the most commonly employed approaches in the control of bioprocesses. It discusses the role that control theory plays in understanding the mechanisms of cellular and metabolic processes, and presents key results in various fields such as dynamic modeling, dynamic properties of bioprocess models, software sensors designed for the online estimation of parameters and state variables, and control and supervision of bioprocesses Control in Bioengineering and Bioprocessing: Modeling, Estimation and the Use of Sensors is divided into three sections. Part I, Mathematical preliminaries and overview of the control and monitoring of bioprocess, provides a general overview of the control and monitoring of bioprocesses, and introduces the mathematical framework necessary for the analysis and characterization of bioprocess dynamics. Part II, Observability and control concepts, presents the observability concepts which form the basis of design online estimation algorithms (software sensor) for bioprocesses, and reviews controllability of these concepts, including automatic feedback control systems. Part III, Software sensors and observer-based control schemes for bioprocesses, features six application cases including dynamic behavior of 3-dimensional continuous bioreactors; observability analysis applied to 2D and 3D bioreactors with inhibitory and non-inhibitory models; and regulation of a continuously stirred bioreactor via modeling error compensation. Applicable across all areas of bioprocess engineering, including food and beverages, biofuels and renewable energy, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, fermentation systems, product separation technologies, wastewater and solid-waste treatment technology, and bioremediation Provides a clear explanation of the mass-balance–based mathematical modelling of bioprocesses and the main tools for its dynamic analysis Offers industry-based applications on: myco-diesel for implementing "quality" of observability; developing a virtual sensor based on the Just-In-Time Model to monitor biological control systems; and virtual sensor design for state estimation in a photocatalytic bioreactor for hydrogen production Control in Bioengineering and Bioprocessing is intended as a foundational text for graduate level students in bioengineering, as well as a reference text for researchers, engineers, and other practitioners interested in the field of estimation and control of bioprocesses.
This new edition discusses the physical and engineering aspects of the thermal processing of packaged foods and examines the methods which have been used to establish the time and temperature of processes suitable to achieve adequate sterilization or pasteurization of the packaged food. The third edition is totally renewed and updated, including new concepts and areas that are relevant for thermal food processing: This edition is formed by 22 chapters—arranged in five parts—that maintain great parts of the first and second editions The First part includes five chapters analyzing different topics associated to heat transfer mechanism during canning process, kinetic of microbial death, sterilization criteria and safety aspect of thermal processing. The second part, entitled Thermal Food Process Evaluation Techniques, includes six chapters and discusses the main process evaluation techniques. The third part includes six chapters treating subjects related with pressure in containers, simultaneous sterilization and thermal food processing equipment. The fourth part includes four chapters including computational fluid dynamics and multi-objective optimization. The fifth part, entitled Innovative Thermal Food Processing, includes a chapter focused on two innovative processes used for food sterilization such high pressure with thermal sterilization and ohmic heating. Thermal Processing of Pa ckaged Foods, Third Edition is intended for a broad audience, from undergraduate to post graduate students, scientists, engineers and professionals working for the food industry.
The Auditory System in Sleep presents for the first time a view of a sensory system working in a different state-that of the sleeping brain. The auditory system is always "open receiving information from the environment and the body itself (conscious and unconscious data). Even during sleep the auditory information is processed, although in a different way. This book draws information from evoked potentials, fMRI, PET, SPECT, lesions, etc., together with electrophysiological online data in order to depict how the auditory system single unit activity, recorded during sleep, revealed the possibility of sensory information participation in sleep processes. - Presents diverse experimental viewpoints from the beginning of classical electroencephalography to the more recent imaging, single units, electro-magneto-encephalography studies, etc. - Includes classic data as well as new data based in the existing literature and on the long scientific research lines (auditory and sleep) developed by the author and coworkers on this subject since 1963
Describes the struggle Mexican law enforcement has faced to control the drug traffic epidemic in Juâarez, reflecting upon the lives of four people at the heart of the drug war--a drug lord's mistress, a human rights activist, a photojournalist, and Juâarez's mayor.
This volume reports on the status and evolution of human opportunity in Latin America and the Caribbean by tracking equity in access to key services using newly-available data.
Former Chilean president Ricardo Lagos provides a fascinating glimpse inside his country's meteoric rise on the world stage. A leader in the underground resistance movement against Augusto Pinochet and his Dirty War, Ricardo Lagos burst onto the national stage in 1988 when he gave a speech denouncing the dictator, the first of its kind. Revolution soon followed, as Chileans took to the streets to oust a criminal despot and pave the way for democracy. In The Southern Tiger, Lagos chronicles Chile's journey from terror and repression to a thriving open society, and from crushing poverty to one of the wealthiest nations in Latin America. His thrilling stories of surviving Chile's political prisons, standing up to President George W. Bush over the war in Iraq, and rebuilding Chile's education system demonstrate why President Obama recently called Chile 'a model for the region and the world.' As citizens across the globe rise up to demand more from their governments, The Southern Tiger is an inspiring story of political and economic rebirth in the wake of fear.
It documents the events that took place inside and outside the backstage of each Grand Prix from 1975 to 1980 that affected the team's performance on the tracks. It brings a summary of the best articles, articles, interviews, statements and photos presented in journalistic reports published at the time, showing the reader all the effort and overcoming the setbacks that these fearless brothers went through. This is what made them victorious, whose attitudes we must all aim for. They are winners because they managed to let go of financial interests and easy successes to invest all their energies in the realization of a great dream, an ideal. This is the greatest and best example that they set for all our young people today and tomorrow. The purpose of the sponsorship was to show the world that Brazil was not commanded by chiefs or that the Japanese descended from their liners in rowboats to exchange native products for baffles. That in Brazil there was an industrial park and high-tech development centers, in addition to a brave and fearless people, who are not afraid of adversity. The Fittipaldi brothers showed the world that we, despite the Tupiniquins, can match any enterprise with the same quality and competence as the most developed countries. What we lack is to support our initiatives with respect and patriotism. Demanding victories in such a technologically sophisticated and complex enterprise in the early years, shows that in the field of wisdom and humility we are still underdeveloped.
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