This book begins by briefly explaining learning automata (LA) models and a recently developed cellular learning automaton (CLA) named wavefront CLA. Analyzing social networks is increasingly important, so as to identify behavioral patterns in interactions among individuals and in the networks’ evolution, and to develop the algorithms required for meaningful analysis. As an emerging artificial intelligence research area, learning automata (LA) has already had a significant impact in many areas of social networks. Here, the research areas related to learning and social networks are addressed from bibliometric and network analysis perspectives. In turn, the second part of the book highlights a range of LA-based applications addressing social network problems, from network sampling, community detection, link prediction, and trust management, to recommender systems and finally influence maximization. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for all researchers whose work involves reinforcement learning, social networks and/or artificial intelligence.
Taurine, or 2aminoethanesulfonic acid, is one of the most abundant sulfurcontaining amino acids in the human body. It is found in the heart, brain, retina, and skeletal muscles, and is synthesized in the pancreas. Studies have revealed that taurine is of high physiological importance: it protects against pathologies associated with mitochondrial diseases, and linked processes like aging, metabolic syndrome, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. It is also used as a nutritional supplement. Taurine and the Mitochondrion: Applications in the Pharmacotherapy of Human Diseases explores the significance of taurine in the biology of mitochondria. It also explains its role as a pharmacological agent for treating different diseases. Readers will gain an insight into the crucial role it plays in human physiology and the benefits of taurine supplements. Topics covered in this reference include Synthesis of taurine and its dietary sources The Role of taurine in mitochondrial health Taurine as a neurotransmitter Beneficial effects of taurine in physiological systems such as the reproductive system, renal system, and the gastrointestinal tract Hepatoprotective and antiinflammatory properties of taurine The antiaging promise of taurine supplementation Role of taurine supplementation in obesity
Recent, post-revolutionary Iranian cinema has of course gained the attention of international audiences who have been struck by its powerful, poetic and often explicitly political explorations. Yet mainstream, pre-revolutionary Iranian cinema, with a history stretching back to the early twentieth century, has been perceived in the main as lacking in artistic merit and, crucially, as apolitical in content. This highly readable history of Iran as revealed through the full breadth of its cinema re-reads the films themselves to tell the full story of shifting political, economic and social situations. Sadr argues that embedded within even the seemingly least noteworthy of mainstream Iranian films, we find themes and characterisations which reveal the political contexts of their time and which express the ideological underpinnings of a society. Beginning with the introduction of cinema to Iran through the Iranian monarchy, the book covers the broad spectrum of Iran's cinema, offering vivid descriptions of all key films. "Iranian Cinema" looks at recurring themes and tropes, such as the rural versus the 'corrupt' city and, recently, the preponderance of images of childhood, and asks what these have revealed about Iranian society. The author brings the story up to date explaining Iranian filmmaking after the events of September 11, from Mohsen Makhmalbaf's astonishing Kandahar to Saddiq Barmak's angry work Osama, to explore this most recent and breathtaking revival in Iranian cinema.
The book explores the potential for the privatization of some of Iran's national institutions, in particular whether there is the political will to privatize the Iranian oil and gas industry. This work presents an historical overview of Iran since World War II in order to build a context for the determinants of privatisation policy in Iran.
This fictional story is loosely based on true events that have taken place beginning in the 1950's in Iran and continuing up until the present in the United States.Some of these events happened in the author's life, and the rest are what he is aware of. Fictional elements and characters have been incorporated, in order to better convey the author's intended message in a smooth storyline.The main purpose of the book is to provide the reader a window into some aspects of life and upbringing in the Middle East, and especially in Iran. In addition, the author hopes to raise awareness of some issues faced by foreigners anywhere.The recounting of real events in a human life invariably includes moments of sadness. In order to strike a balance, a conscious effort has been made to add elements of humor even amid dire circumstances.For the benefit of readers who are not native English speakers, and in keeping with the author's fascination with idioms and expressions, an additional index has been included to help the reader understand expressions encountered in this book which may not be familiar.
Containing easy-to-understand meanings of more than 2,000 commonly used English idioms, expressions, and phrases, this resource shows how they are used and makes reference to the likely origins of some of them. Another feature in the book is the inclusion of some interesting expressions and proverbs from other languages or cultures that show how people of the world have more things in common culturally than most realize. 404 pp.
Mashayekhi collects more than 2,000 idioms and expressions that are used in the English language daily, yet are not found in dictionaries. Recommended for both native and non-native English speakers.
This is the book the Iranian authorities have been dreading you might one day read and have taken drastic measures to ensure that you don't. It is a story of such horrific brutality that anyone who was sceptical about claims that Iran is part of the 'axis of evil' will have that scepticism dispelled by the time they finish reading it. A real insight into the sickening torture jails of Iran and the gut-wrenching horror of the treatment dished out to political prisoners who oppose the regime, this does not make easy reading. Dr. Reza Ghaffari was a professor at the University of Tehran until his arrest in the spring of 1981, under suspicion of being a member of a banned socialist group. This is his story from the time of his arrest to his eventual escape a decade later. It recounts his experiences through ten years of torture and as a witness to, and near victim of, prison massacres. But the book is not merely a catalogue of atrocities. It is also one of triumph for integrity and the human spirit in the face of the utmost degradation. And there is comedy, as prisoners take firm hold of their sanity, entertain one another and come to terms with the absurd aspects of their predicament. Nothing like this book has ever been written. Nothing - in English or in Persian - has so comprehensively, so movingly or so colourfully portrayed prison conditions and the strength of those suffering them. It is horrific, enlightening and profound.The fatwa imposed by the then Supreme Leader of Iran against author Salman Rushdie for writing The Satanic Verses scared many publishers into refusing to print this book in English. In 1999 the Iranian authorities came looking for Dr. Ghaffari in London and he was moved to a 'safe house' by MI6 where he stayed for close to a year. After the attack on the World Trade Centre in New York the terrorist threat level in the UK was raised and Dr. Ghaffari was allowed back to his family with greater surveillance on his house. The years of torture have taken their toll on Dr. Ghaffari's health but he has refused to be cowed down and is as determined as ever that his story should be told.
Survivor" is the story of a man who grappled with idealism in the midst of events that now shape Middle Eastern politics. Fazeli, whose fame as Iranian actor brought him into Khomeini's sphere, had already fled the Shah's military might. Running from Khomeini's terrorists would prove even more difficult and more deadly.
Survivor" is the story of one man who grapples with idealism in the midst of events that shape Middle Eastern politics. Fazeli, an Iranian actor, director, and producer is brought into Khomeini's sphere, but flees the Shah's military might. Running from Khomeini's terrorists will prove even more difficult--and more deadly.
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