Research Congressional Research Service's Books

LC21

A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress

By: National Research Council,Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Committee on an Information Technology Strategy for the Library of Congress

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LC21

A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress

Digital information and networks challenge the core practices of libraries, archives, and all organizations with intensive information management needs in many respectsâ€"not only in terms of accommodating digital information and technology, but also through the need to develop new economic and organizational models for managing information. LC21: A Digital Strategy for the Library of Congress discusses these challenges and provides recommendations for moving forward at the Library of Congress, the world's largest library. Topics covered in LC21 include digital collections, digital preservation, digital cataloging (metadata), strategic planning, human resources, and general management and budgetary issues. The book identifies and elaborates upon a clear theme for the Library of Congress that is applicable more generally: the digital age calls for much more collaboration and cooperation than in the past. LC21 demonstrates that information-intensive organizations will have to change in fundamental ways to survive and prosper in the digital age.

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Page Count

284

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309171687

ISBN 13

9780309171687

The Federal Aviation Administrationâ¬"s Approach for Determining Future Air Traffic Controller Staffing Needs

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Transportation Research Board,Studies and Special Programs Division

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The Federal Aviation Administrationâ¬"s Approach for Determining Future Air Traffic Controller Staffing Needs

By: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Transportation Research Board,Studies and Special Programs Division

TRB has released the final version of Special Report 314: The Federal Aviation Administrationâ€™s Approach for Determining Future Air Traffic Controller Staffing Needs that examines the methods used by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to estimate how many controllers are needed to staff its air traffic control facilities and its processes for using these estimates to properly distribute controllers across facilities. According to the report, the FAAâ€™s models for determining air traffic controller staffing needs are suitable for developing initial estimates of the number of controllers required at terminal areas and airport towers, but the models used for the centers controlling aircraft en route between airports can be improved. In addition, as a matter of priority, the FAA should collaborate with the National Air Traffic Controllers Association to develop and implement an enhanced tool for all facilities that is capable of creating efficient controller work schedules that incorporate fatigue mitigation strategies. The report recommends that the FAA analyze a wide range of data, such as accident and incident reports and voluntary reports by controllers, to identify relationships between staffing and safety. In addition, the controller workforce should be involved in staffing decisions, particularly as knowledge emerges about relevant safety issues. The FAA also should ensure that staffing continues to be appropriate as it implements the new air traffic operations environment associated with the Next Generation Transportation System, a modernization initiative to shift air traffic management from ground-based radar to a satellite system, the report says. A press release on the report is available for download. A report summary has been published in TR News 297.

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Page Count

201

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309306795

ISBN 13

9780309306799

Safe Water From Every Tap

Improving Water Service to Small Communities

By: Committee on Small Water Supply Systems,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Safe Water From Every Tap

Improving Water Service to Small Communities

By: Committee on Small Water Supply Systems,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

Small communities violate federal requirements for safe drinking water as much as three times more often than cities. Yet these communities often cannot afford to improve their water service. Safe Water From Every Tap reviews the risks of violating drinking water standards and discusses options for improving water service in small communities. Included are detailed reviews of a wide range of technologies appropriate for treating drinking water in small communities. The book also presents a variety of institutional options for improving the management efficiency and financial stability of water systems.

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229

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309522846

ISBN 13

9780309522847

Forested Landscapes in Perspective

Prospects and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of America's Nonfederal Forests

By: National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on Prospects and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of America's Nonfederal Forests

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Forested Landscapes in Perspective

Prospects and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of America's Nonfederal Forests

By: National Research Council,Board on Agriculture,Committee on Prospects and Opportunities for Sustainable Management of America's Nonfederal Forests

The federal role in the management of nonfederal U.S. forests was once relatively simple: to assist in the prevention and control of wildfires. The administrative structure to carry out this role was similarly uncomplicated, with most programs under the aegis of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. In recent years, however, both the management and administrative landscapes have changed dramatically. Responsibility for the federal role in nonfederal forests has been expanded to include a number of cabinet departments and independent agencies, which must address critical issues such as reforestation, wetlands disruption, and biodiversity protection. With two-thirds of all U.S. forests on nonfederal lands, these issues are becoming increasingly more important. Now, a first-of-its-kind examination of the federal role in nonfederal forest management, Forested Landscapes in Perspective presents a comprehensive look at the current landscape and recommends improvements that best serve public and private interests. This timely volume includes an insightful description of the current situation and recent trends, followed by a thorough examination of major policy and program issues affecting nonfederal forests. Among these are emerging environmental concerns such as forest fragmentation and large-scale climate change, as well as issues of economic importance, such as the availability of timber supplies.

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273

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309056411

ISBN 13

9780309056410

Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule

Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule

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Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule

Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research

By: Institute of Medicine,Board on Health Care Services,Board on Health Sciences Policy,Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule

In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research.

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Page Count

334

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309124999

ISBN 13

9780309124997

Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age

By: National Research Council,Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences,Computer Science and Telecommunications Board,Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,Committee on National Statistics,Panel on Communicating National Science Foundation Science and Engineering Information to Data Users

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Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age

The National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) communicates its science and engineering (S&E) information to data users in a very fluid environment that is undergoing modernization at a pace at which data producer dissemination practices, protocols, and technologies, on one hand, and user demands and capabilities, on the other, are changing faster than the agency has been able to accommodate. NCSES asked the Committee on National Statistics and the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council to form a panel to review the NCSES communication and dissemination program that is concerned with the collection and distribution of information on science and engineering and to recommend future directions for the program. Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age includes recommendations to improve NCSES's dissemination program and improve data user engagement. This report includes recommendations such as NCSES's transition to a dissemination framework that emphasizes database management rather than data presentation, and that NCSES analyze the results of its initial online consumer survey and refine it over time. The implementation of the report's recommendations should be undertaken within an overall framework that accords priority to the basic quality of the data and the fundamentals of dissemination, then to significant enhancements that are achievable in the short term, while laying the groundwork for other long-term improvements.

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122

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National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309222095

ISBN 13

9780309222099

Enhancing Food Safety

The Role of the Food and Drug Administration

By: National Research Council,Institute of Medicine,Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources,Food and Nutrition Board,Committee on the Review of the Food and Drug Administration's Role in Ensuring Safe Food

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Enhancing Food Safety

The Role of the Food and Drug Administration

Recent outbreaks of illnesses traced to contaminated sprouts and lettuce illustrate the holes that exist in the system for monitoring problems and preventing foodborne diseases. Although it is not solely responsible for ensuring the safety of the nation's food supply, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversees monitoring and intervention for 80 percent of the food supply. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's abilities to discover potential threats to food safety and prevent outbreaks of foodborne illness are hampered by impediments to efficient use of its limited resources and a piecemeal approach to gathering and using information on risks. Enhancing Food Safety: The Role of the Food and Drug Administration, a new book from the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council, responds to a congressional request for recommendations on how to close gaps in FDA's food safety systems. Enhancing Food Safety begins with a brief review of the Food Protection Plan (FPP), FDA's food safety philosophy developed in 2007. The lack of sufficient detail and specific strategies in the FPP renders it ineffectual. The book stresses the need for FPP to evolve and be supported by the type of strategic planning described in these pages. It also explores the development and implementation of a stronger, more effective food safety system built on a risk-based approach to food safety management. Conclusions and recommendations include adopting a risk-based decision-making approach to food safety; creating a data surveillance and research infrastructure; integrating federal, state, and local government food safety programs; enhancing efficiency of inspections; and more. Although food safety is the responsibility of everyone, from producers to consumers, the FDA and other regulatory agencies have an essential role. In many instances, the FDA must carry out this responsibility against a backdrop of multiple stakeholder interests, inadequate resources, and competing priorities. Of interest to the food production industry, consumer advocacy groups, health care professionals, and others, Enhancing Food Safety provides the FDA and Congress with a course of action that will enable the agency to become more efficient and effective in carrying out its food safety mission in a rapidly changing world.

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588

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309152739

ISBN 13

9780309152730

Nuclear Wastes

Technologies for Separations and Transmutation

By: Committee on Separations Technology and Transmutation Systems,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

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Nuclear Wastes

Technologies for Separations and Transmutation

By: Committee on Separations Technology and Transmutation Systems,Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources,Division on Earth and Life Studies,National Research Council

Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.

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Page Count

590

Publisher

National Academies Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0309561957

ISBN 13

9780309561952

Book's by Research Congressional Research Service

LC21

LC21

The Federal Aviation Administrationâ¬"s Approach for Determining Future Air Traffic Controller Staffing Needs

The Federal Aviation Administrationâ¬"s Approach for Determining Future Air Traffic Controller Staffing Needs

Safe Water From Every Tap

Safe Water From Every Tap

Forested Landscapes in Perspective

Forested Landscapes in Perspective

Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule

Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule

Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age

Communicating Science and Engineering Data in the Information Age

Enhancing Food Safety

Enhancing Food Safety

Nuclear Wastes

Nuclear Wastes

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