This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the complex conflict situation in Kashmir. Through an internal perspective, it charts the shift in the Kashmiri response towards the Centre and offers a detailed examination of the background in which separatist politics took roots in Kashmir, and the way it changed its nature in the militancy and post-militancy period. The volume shows how separatism and armed militancy, as manifest in the Valley in the late 1980s, (though augmented by external factors) have been internal responses to the changing nature of Kashmiri identity politics. It explores how the ideas central to Indian nationalist politics — especially democracy and secularism — echoed in Kashmir and were instrumental in dismantling the feudal structure and negotiating an autonomous space within the framework of asymmetrical federalism. Seamlessly blending facts and incisive analyses, this book raises new questions about the nature of conflict and contestation in the region. It will be of great interest to researchers and scholars of Indian politics, especially on Jammu and Kashmir, and sociology, as well as government bodies, think tanks and the interested general reader.
This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the complex conflict situation in Kashmir. Through an internal perspective, it charts the shift in the Kashmiri response towards the Centre and offers a detailed examination of the background in which separatist politics took roots in Kashmir, and the way it changed its nature in the militancy and post-militancy period. The volume shows how separatism and armed militancy, as manifest in the Valley in the late 1980s, (though augmented by external factors) have been internal responses to the changing nature of Kashmiri identity politics. It explores how the ideas central to Indian nationalist politics — especially democracy and secularism — echoed in Kashmir and were instrumental in dismantling the feudal structure and negotiating an autonomous space within the framework of asymmetrical federalism. Seamlessly blending facts and incisive analyses, this book raises new questions about the nature of conflict and contestation in the region. It will be of great interest to researchers and scholars of Indian politics, especially on Jammu and Kashmir, and sociology, as well as government bodies, think tanks and the interested general reader.
The Book Takes A Close Look At The Last Three Lok Sabha Elections Those Of 1996, 1998 And 1999. It Is A Study Of Why Elections Have Become More Frequent Since 1989. The Reason Given Is The Transformation Of The Party System From One Of Congress Dominance To A Multi-Party Configuration Reflecting The Instability Of Minority And/Or Coalition Governments And Hung Parliaments.
This textbook offers the knowledge and the mathematical background or techniques that are required to implement encryption/decryption algorithms or security techniques. It also provides the information on the cryptography and a cryptosystem used by organizations and applications to protect their data and users can explore classical and modern cryptography. The first two chapters are dedicated to the basics of cryptography and emphasize on modern cryptography concepts and algorithms. Cryptography terminologies such as encryption, decryption, cryptology, cryptanalysis and keys and key types included at the beginning of this textbook . The subsequent chapters cover basic phenomenon of symmetric and asymmetric cryptography with examples including the function of symmetric key encryption of websites and asymmetric key use cases. This would include security measures for websites, emails, and other types of encryptions that demand key exchange over a public network. Cryptography algorithms (Caesar cipher, Hill cipher, Playfair cipher, Vigenere cipher, DES, AES, IDEA, TEA, CAST, etc.) which are varies on algorithmic criteria like- scalability, flexibility, architecture, security, limitations in terms of attacks of adversary. They are the core consideration on which all algorithms differs and applicable as per application environment. The modern cryptography starts from invent of RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) which is an asymmetric key algorithm based on prime numbers. Nowadays it is enabled with email and digital transaction over the Internet. This textbook covers Chinese remainder theorem, Legendre, Jacobi symbol, Rabin cryptosystem, generalized ElGamal public key cryptosystem, key management, digital signatures, message authentication, differential cryptanalysis, linear cryptanalysis, time-memory trade-off attack, network security, cloud security, blockchain, bitcoin, etc. as well as accepted phenomenon under modern cryptograph. Advanced level students will find this textbook essential for course work and independent study. Computer scientists and engineers and researchers working within these related fields will also find this textbook useful.
This book attempts at upgradation of slums and squatter settlements in the cities of Munger and Bhagalpur with a view to highlight the socio-economic life of the urban society in terms of environmental pollution.
This book presents a systematic analysis of the rise and decline of the Indian National Congress since 1980s, using the frame dominance to hibernation. The Indian National Congress (INC or Congress Party) originated in the national movement for India`s freedom and has since been the centerpiece of post-Independence multiparty system for nearly four decades. However, the Congress has been experiencing a phase of serious decline since the 2014 and 2019 General Elections. Analyzing years of political history and contemporary developments, this volume brings to the fore important issues and key themes such as, • Evolution of party system in India, the contemporary dynamics and movements; • Indian National Congress under Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi; • Ideological and policy reorientation of the party in 1990s under P. V. Narsimha Rao; • Revival of mass membership and organizational elections in the party; • Indian National Congress in the 2000s, under the leadership of Sonia Gandhi and Rahul Gandhi; • The 2019 debacle and change in the leadership. A comprehensive work on the history of the Congress Party in India, this volume will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of political science, party politics, Indian politics, sociology, modern Indian history, political sociology, public administration, public policy, South Asian studies, and governance studies.
Post Cold War international relations have undeniably been a litmus test for the bilateral relations between India and Russia. With the emergence of a new international system, the foreign policies of both countries vacillated to explore new avenues of partnerships with other international players, an opportunity that otherwise proved effective to a large extent. National priorities and the geo-political architecture remodelled by the US, thus, compelled New Delhi and Moscow to pursue a foreign policy that moved away from serving the interests of each other. While defining the trends in the bilateral relations between the two countries, the strategic community has questioned whether the relationship can remain as special and strategic as it had been in the past. Are both countries still as relevant to one another as they once were? As the constant debate revolves around these questions, the two entities have, however, indicated a certain level of distinguishing characteristics in order to address the complexities and challenges in the partnership and have acknowledged that their relationship is not only special but also indispensable. What has also continued to remain undamaged and an integral part of the bilateral relations is mutual trust, understanding and concern, thus, resulting in maturity and pragmatism, irrespective of the uncertainties that the two countries face. It is in this context, that the new stage in the bilateral relations between the two countries requires a thorough assessment. It stands to reason that with the developments that are taking place in the current international milieu, there is a need for India and Russia to reemphasise their strong strategic partnership, goodwill and diplomatic trust that have stood the test of time. This book undertakes a serious assessment of the strategic partnership in the contemporary international set up. The seven chapters of the book attempt to address the myriad challenges through detailed analyses and evaluation of the partnership between India and Russia in various spheres, including the political, defence, economic, nuclear, energy, science and technology, security, and strategic engagement. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka
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