Clusters as mesoscopic particles represent an intermediate state of matter between single atoms and solid material. The tendency to miniaturise technical objects requires knowledge about systems which contain a "small" number of atoms or molecules only. This is all the more true for dynamical aspects, particularly in relation to the qick development of laser technology and femtosecond spectroscopy. Here, for the first time is a highly qualitative introduction to cluster physics. With its emphasis on cluster dynamics, this will be vital to everyone involved in this interdisciplinary subject. The authors cover the dynamics of clusters on a broad level, including recent developments of femtosecond laser spectroscopy on the one hand and time-dependent density functional theory calculations on the other.
Filling the need for a solid textbook, this short primer in cluster science is ideal for a one-semester lecture for advanced undergraduate students. It is based on a series of lectures given by the well-established and recognized authors for the past ten years. The book covers both the basics of the domain as well as up-to-date developments. It can be divided roughly into two parts. The first three chapters introduce basic concepts of cluster science. Chapter 1 provides a general introduction, complemented by chapter 2 on experimental and chapter 3 on theoretical aspects. The second half of the book is devoted to a systematic presentation of free cluster properties, and to a thorough discussion of the impact of clusters in other domains of science. These explicitly worked-out links between cluster physics and other research areas are unique both in terms of fundamental aspects and of applications, and cannot be found elsewhere in the literature. Also suitable for researchers outside of the field looking for an introduction to cluster science.
Panoramic imaging is a progressive application and research area. This technology has applications in digital photography, robotics, film productions for panoramic screens, architecture, environmental studies, remote sensing and GIS technology. Applications demand different levels of accuracy for 3D documentation or visualizations. This book describes two modern technologies for capturing high-accuracy panoramic images and range data, namely the use of sensor-line cameras and laser range-finders. It provides mathematically accurate descriptions of the geometry of these sensing technologies and the necessary information required to apply them to 3D scene visualization or 3D representation. The book is divided into three parts: Part One contains a full introduction to panoramic cameras and laser range-finders, including a discussion of calibration to aid preparation of equipment ready for use. Part Two explains the concept of stereo panoramic imaging, looking at epipolar geometry, spatial sampling, image quality control and camera analysis and design. Part Three looks at surface modelling and rendering based on panoramic input data, starting with the basics and taking the reader through to more advanced techniques such as the optimization of surface meshes and data fusion. There is also an accompanying website containing high-resolution visual samples and animations, illustrating techniques discussed in the text. Panoramic Imaging is primarily aimed at researchers and students in engineering or computer science involved in using imaging technologies for 3D visualization or 3D scene reconstruction. It is also of significant use as an advanced manual to practising engineers in panoramic imaging. In brief, the book is of value to all those interested in current developments in multimedia imaging technology
The Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on Condensed Matter Re search Using Neutrons, Today and Tomorrow was held in Abingdon, Oxfordshire for four days beginning 26 March 1984. The Workshop was sponsored by NATO and the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. A total of 32 lecturers and participants attended. An objective of the Workshop was to review some dynamic proper ties of condensed matter that can be studied using neutron spectros copy. A second objective, no less important, was to identify new topics that might be investigated with advanced spallation neutron sources. The twelve lectures reproduced in this volume bear wit ness, largely by themselves, to the success of the Workshop in meet ing these objectives. The many discussions generated by lecturers and participants meant that, in the event, the objectives were in deed amply satisfied. I should like to thank all those who attended the Horkshop for their part in making it so beneficial and rewarding. I am most grateful to Reinhard Scherm, who acted as my advisor in the organisation of the Workshop. The efforts of Mrs. M. Sherwen and Miss J. Harren made light my burden of administrative duties. The preparation of the manuscript for publication was simplified by the assistance of Miss C. Monypenny.
The term “ nite Fermi systems” usually refers to systems where the fermionic nature of the constituents is of dominating importance but the nite spatial extent also cannot be ignored. Historically the prominent examples were atoms, molecules, and nuclei. These should be seen in contrast to solid-state systems, where an in nite extent is usually a good approximation. Recently, new and different types of nite Fermi systems have become important, most noticeably metallic clusters, quantum dots, fermion traps, and compact stars. The theoretical description of nite Fermi systems has a long tradition and dev- oped over decades from most simple models to highly elaborate methods of ma- body theory. In fact, nite Fermi systems are the most demanding ground for theory as one often does not have any symmetry to simplify classi cation and as a possibly large but always nite particle number requires to take into account all particles. In spite of the practical complexity, most methods rely on simple and basic schemes which can be well understood in simple test cases. We therefore felt it a timely undertaking to offer a comprehensive view of the underlying theoretical ideas and techniques used for the description of such s- tems across physical disciplines. The book demonstrates how theoretical can be successively re ned from the Fermi gas via external potential and mean- eld m- els to various techniques for dealing with residual interactions, while following the universality of such concepts like shells and magic numbers across the application elds.
The volume provides complete and up-to-date information on the few chemical species composed of silicon, fluorine, and noble gases and in the major part on the species composed of silicon, fluorine, and hydrogen. Among the numerous experimentally confirmed and theoretically predicted monosilicon Si-H-F species with Si coordination numbers 2, 3, and 4, the most prominent and best investigated molecules by far are Si H3F, Si H2F2, and Si H F3. Even more has been reported about aqueous solutions of hexafluorosilicic acid, "H2Si F6", a system which is not yet completely understood. Some of the isomers of partially fluorinated di-, tri-, and tetrasilanes are known to some extent, but information on the higher acyclic and cyclic polysilanes is increasingly sparce.
This volume C 1 is the first supplement volume to "Phosphor" C which was published in 1965 and covers the compounds of phosphorus. Starting with the binary species formed between phosphorus and hydrogen, the present volume deals with the neutral mononuclear compounds PH through PH ; the ions featuring the same stoichiometric composition are s covered in separate sections. PH and PH are the major initial gaseous decomposition products of PH and, thus, also 2 J intermediates in many of its gas-phase reactions. Both molecules and their ions have been thoroughly investigated by a variety of modern, high-resolution spectroscopic methods during the last three decades. The coverage of their physical, and mostly molecular, properties re presents the largest part of the first two chapters (PH and ions pp. 2 to 47; PH and ions pp. 47 2 to 111). PH is the only compound described in this volume which is thermally stable under normal J conditions. It is the phosphorus analog of ammonia, but exhibits, however, a quite different chemical behavior towards most elements and compounds. The majority of its physical, and in particular spectroscopic, properties have been determined in great detail since the sixties, partially in regard to spectroscopic investigations of the atmospheres of the outer planets.
Organic contaminants even in very low concentrations can have toxic and ecotoxic effects on exposed organisms. Detection and quantification of such trace amounts in diverging matrices (e.g., water, air, soil, food, tissue, organisms) is challenging and great carefulness and strategic thinking is needed to get reliable results along the way from taking samples up to the final analysis. In the 2nd edition, besides revisions of existing chapters, new analytical technologies and recent application examples are presented: non-target mass spectrometric analysis, trace analysis of per- and polyfluoroalkylated "forever chemicals", organophosphorus esters (nerve agents), and micro- and nanoplastic particles in the environment. Students will learn about peculiarities and state of the art organic trace analysis and acquire basic and advanced principles of statistical evaluation of analytical results quality control strategies and good laboratory practices sampling techniques from various matrices sample treatment, enrichment and clean-up techniques chromatographic analyses including hyphenated techniques, and spectroscopy as well mass spectrometry and bioanalytical tools. An extended chapter on selected applications will transfer the theoretical understanding into applied scientific problems. Students will profit from a comprehensive and state of the art overview of organic trace analyses and from an extensive collection of relevant literature.
From the reviews: "Takes the reader on a journey that covers all the basic science and engineering related to the topic of developing a solid-state laser for common materials processing problems. [...] Entrants to the field will certainly find it a book to keep for future reference." Optics & Photonic News
Among its Continental peers, Austria has stood out for its longstanding state recognition of the Muslim community as early as 1912. A shift has occurred more recently, however, as populist far-right voices within the Austrian government have redirected public discourse and put into question Islam’s previously accepted autonomous status within the country. Politicizing Islam in Austria examines this anti-Muslim swerve in Austrian politics through a comprehensive analysis of government policies and regulations, as well as party and public discourses. In their innovative study, Hafez and Heinisch show how the far-right Austrian Freedom Party (FPÖ) adapted anti-Muslim discourse to their political purposes and how that discourse was then appropriated by the conservative center-right Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP). This reconfiguration of the political landscape prepared the way for a right-wing coalition government between conservatives and far-right actors that would subsequently institutionalize anti-Muslim political demands and change the shape of the civic conditions and public perceptions of Islam and the Muslim community in the republic.
This book presents recent developments in automatic text analysis. Providing an overview of linguistic modeling, it collects contributions of authors from a multidisciplinary area that focus on the topic of automatic text analysis from different perspectives. It includes chapters on cognitive modeling and visual systems modeling, and contributes to the computational linguistic and information theoretical grounding of automatic text analysis.
Questo volume complessivo, unico, dedicato alla Vita e al Pensiero di Karl-Otto Apel, raccoglie tutti i contributi usciti nei due numeri speciali di “Topologik” (numero 24/2019 e numero 26/2020) dedicati ad Apel (uno dei Maestri più importanti del pensiero filosofico contemporaneo). L’edizione, in volume unico, ha dato la possibilità di arricchire il testo con altre due collaborazioni (quella di Peter Naumann e Amos Nascimento). Il volume mantiene la struttura di una suddivisione in due sezioni: sezione Vita e sezione Pensiero. La prima sezione (Vita) raccoglie contributi che sono testimonianza di incontri, discussioni, riflessioni comuni con Karl-Otto Apel. L’aspetto teorico-filosofico e l’aspetto personale ridanno la freschezza e la profondità di queste testimonianze. Quanti hanno conosciuto e sono diventati anche amici di Apel hanno vissuto il logos filosofico nella sua ampiezza riflessiva in simbiosi con un uomo che, a parere di Habermas (l’altro Gigante, colonna portante della filosofia contemporanea), incorpora la stessa filosofia. Hanno vissuto la forza discorsiva di una personalità che ha fatto del dialogo la fonte instancabile della ricerca intersoggettiva. Vita e Pensiero non sono due sezioni separate e separabili, sono piuttosto la messa in evidenza che il filosofare vero si costituisce nell’unità, appunto, di Vita e Pensiero: nel vivere la filosofia. La seconda sezione (Pensiero) ‒ Molti sono, nel frattempo, gli studi internazionali sul pensiero di Karl-Otto Apel. La raccolta dei contributi e delle riflessioni che qui presentiamo è un esempio mondiale della vitalità e fruttuosità del pensiero di Karl-Otto Apel. Studiosi diversi, da angolazioni e prospettive tutt’altro che identiche, si confrontano criticamente con la pragmatica trascendentale di Apel, sia come proposta di possibilità di fondazione teoretica sia come piattaforma applicativa ai contesti reali della vita umana. Questo volume unitario presenta e rappresenta un dialogo filosofico serrato, ricco di riflessioni aggiuntive e alternative, a testimonianza delle motivazioni profonde che Karl-Otto Apel, con la sua trasformazione trascendentalpragmatica della filosofia occidentale, ha saputo suscitare mondialmente. L’etica del discorso, nella sua forma, qui, riflessiva, pragmatica, trascendentale, ermeneutica, semiotica, non è solo un modo nuovo e originale di concepire la filosofia dell’Occidente, nella sua trasformazione in terzo paradigma della filosofia prima; l’etica del discorso è, anche e per lo più, un pensare filosofico radicale di riappropriazione dei propri presupposti (anche linguistici) fin nelle loro radici normative (performative), se non emancipative, per una pragmatica etica che reclama, per un verso, fondamento (discorsivo) e universalità, possibilmente (intersoggettiva), per altro verso, capacità di applicazione nei contesti anche dell’economia (globalizzata), del diritto dei Popoli e delle Culture. La filosofia, così concepita, non è ovviamente solo critica al concetto, piuttosto una discorsività in cerca di significato, comprensione, senso che coinvolga la prassi attraverso un dialogo esteso a tutti i popoli.
The separation of a mixture into its individual components is one of the most fundamental procedures in analytical and industrial chemistry. This classic book in analytical chemistry provides a comprehensive yet systematic outline of all known separation methods. Through its detailed treatment of the basic principles of separation possibilities, it not only covers what is currently known, but also represents a treasure trove of methods that are still awaiting further development. It is clearly structured and contains interesting examples, further reading and a detailed index. An indispensable book for advanced students of natural sciences (chemistry, biochemistry, food chemistry, pharmacy, clinical chemistry, environmental sciences) and technology (chemical engineering, chemical-physical measurement & biotechnology), as well as teachers of these disciplines.
German Culture through Film: An Introduction to German Cinema is an English-language text that serves equally well in courses on modern German film, in courses on general film studies, in courses that incorporate film as a way to study culture, and as an engaging resource for scholars, students, and devotees of cinema and film history. In its second edition, German Culture through Film expands on the first edition, providing additional chapters with context for understanding the era in which the featured films were produced. Thirty-three notable German films are arranged in seven chronological chapters, spanning key moments in German film history, from the silent era to the present. Each chapter begins with an introduction that focuses on the history and culture surrounding films of the relevant period. Sections within chapters are each devoted to one particular film, providing film credits, a summary of the story, background information, an evaluation, questions and activities to encourage diverse interpretations, a list of related films, and bibliographical information on the films discussed.
This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Theoretical Foundations of Computer Vision, held at Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, in March 2000. The 20 revised full papers presented have been through two rounds of reviewing, selection, and revision and give a representative assessment of the foundational issues in multiple-image processing. The papers are organized in topical sections on 3D data acquisition and sensor design, multi-image analysis, data fusion in 3D scene description, and applied 3D vision and virtual reality.
This book, which combines the features of an atlas and a textbook, presents findings in forensic histology, immunohistochemistry, and cytology based on microscopic investigations using different stainings and different antibodies. The principal aim is to provide practitioners with detailed information and guidance on how microscopy can help to clarify the cause of sudden and unexpected death. Many of the topics will be of interest not only to forensic pathologists but also to general pathologists, whether practitioners or researchers. Examples include the pathology of drug abuse, wound age determination, adverse drug reactions, histopathology of the sudden infant death syndrome, and age determination of myocardial infarction. Both typical and unusual findings are demonstrated with the aid of numerous high-quality color illustrations, and other key literature in forensic histology and immunohistochemistry is highlighted for each topic.
In Germany, development cooperation is the policy field with the longest tradition in evaluation. All major German organisations in development cooperation use the instrument of evaluation - however, to different degrees with regard to qualitative and quantitative aspects. This study on behalf of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) analyses methodically analyses the way the different organisations evaluate, how much they know about the impact of their projects and programmes, and if or how their evaluation systems can be integrated a larger whole. Until now, there has been no comparable analysis, neither in other German policy fields nor in development cooperation of other European countries. Axel Borrmann arbeitet als Senior Economist im Hamburgischen WeltWirtschaftsInstitut (HWWI) (www.hwwi.org). Schwerpunkte seiner Forschungsarbeit sind internationale Handels- und Entwicklungspolitik sowie Entwicklungszusammenarbeit. Er ist als Gutachter für zahlreiche nationale und internationale Organisationen tätig. Axel Borrmann is Research associate at the Hamburg Institute of International Economics (www.hwwi.org). His main areas of research are international trade and development policy and development cooperation. He has been working as an expert for numerous national and international organisations.
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