The "cold war university" is the academic component of the military-industrial-academic complex, and its archetype, according to Rebecca Lowen, is Stanford University. Her book challenges the conventional wisdom that the post-World War II "multiversity" was created by military patrons on the one hand and academic scientists on the other and points instead to the crucial role played by university administrators in making their universities dependent upon military, foundation, and industrial patronage. Contesting the view that the "federal grant university" originated with the outpouring of federal support for science after the war, Lowen shows how the Depression had put financial pressure on universities and pushed administrators to seek new modes of funding. She also details the ways that Stanford administrators transformed their institution to attract patronage. With the end of the cold war and the tightening of federal budgets, universities again face pressures not unlike those of the 1930s. Lowen's analysis of how the university became dependent on the State is essential reading for anyone concerned about the future of higher education in the post-cold war era.
The first nation-wide analysis of the politics of performance funding in higher education. Performance funding ties state support of colleges and universities directly to institutional performance on specific outcomes, including retention, number of credits accrued, graduation, and job placement. The theory is that introducing market-like forces will prod institutions to become more efficient and effective. In The Politics of Performance Funding for Higher Education, Kevin J. Dougherty and Rebecca S. Natow explore the sometimes puzzling evolution of this mode of funding higher education. Drawing on an eight-state study of performance funding in Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Washington, Dougherty and Natow shed light on the social and political factors affecting the origins, evolution, and demise of these programs. Their findings uncover patterns of frequent adoption, discontinuation, and re-adoption. Of the thirty-six states that have ever adopted performance funding, two-thirds discontinued it, although many of those later re-adopted it. Even when performance funding programs persist over time, they can undergo considerable changes in both the amount of state funding and in the indicators used to allocate funding. Yet performance funding continues to attract interest from federal and state officials, state policy associations, and major foundations as a way of improving educational outcomes. The authors explore the various forces, actors, and motives behind the adoption, discontinuation, and transformation of performance funding programs. They compare U.S. programs to international models, and they gauge the likely future of performance funding, given the volatility of the political forces driving it. Aimed at educators, sociologists, political scientists, and policy makers, this book will be hailed as the definitive assessment of the origins and evolution of performance funding.
Learning and Development is a practical guide on designing and delivering training and L&D effectively in an organizational context. It demonstrates how to link learning to strategic business goals and explores both the benefits and complexities associated with learning and development. Tailored to the needs of HR and L&D practitioners, it offers a comprehensive overview of the field strongly aligned to organizational and HR strategies and objectives. Using a combination of practical tools, assessments, scenarios and case studies, this essential handbook will build your knowledge of the area - from diagnosing L&D needs and types of intervention and development categories, to assessment and training evaluation. Learning and Development is part of the HR Fundamentals series, offering practical advice to HR professionals starting out in their career, completing CPD training or studying for their professional qualifications with the CIPD.
Details of the design and data analysis associated with the 1988 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) are presented. The 1988 NAEP surveyed American students' knowledge of reading, writing, civics, U.S. history, and geography. Small-scale studies were conducted for mathematics and science. Populations included public school students and private school students (aged 9, 13, and 17 years) as well as students in grades 4, 8, and 12. Geography was surveyed only at grade 12/age 17 years. The objective of these technical notes is to provide information to allow the reader to judge the utility of the design, quality of the NAEP data, reasonableness of the assumptions made, appropriateness of the data analyses, and generalizability of the inferences made from the data. Topics addressed include: development of objectives and items; sample design; assessment instruments; field administration; materials processing and database creation; processing assessment materials; professional scoring; data transcription systems; editing data; quality control of data entry; database products; weighting procedures and estimation of sampling variance; scaling procedures; data analysis for the various subject area assessments; and the statistical summary of the samples and estimates of proficiencies of U.S. students. A total of 204 data tables and 14 figures are provided. Appendices provide: a list of consultants for development of the 1988 NAEP objectives and items; distributions of weight components for the 1988 NAEP samples; contrast codings and estimated effects for 1988 NAEP conditioning variables; 1988 NAEP derived and composite conditioning variables; revision of 1984 NAEP post-stratification weights for grade 4/age 9 years and grade 8/age 13 years; 1988 NAEP item response theory parameters; and NAEP reporting subgroups, composite and derived common background variables, and subject-specific composite and derived reporting variables. A glossary of terms, a list of references cited in the text, and an index are included. (TJH)
With fresh interpretations from two new authors, wholly reconceived themes, and a wealth of cutting-edge scholarship, the Fifth Edition of America: A Concise History is designed to work perfectly with the way you teach the survey today. Building on the book’s hallmark strengths—balance, explanatory power, and a brief-yet-comprehensive narrative—as well as its outstanding full-color visuals and built-in primary sources, authors James Henretta, Rebecca Edwards, and Robert Self have shaped America into the ideal brief book for the modern survey course, at a value that can’t be beat.
Dell is the most successful computer comapny in the world leading the way in growth and profitability. Founded in 1984 by Michael Dell, the company dominates the direct selling of business and personal computers. Dell builds computers to order, at prices retailers can rarely match. In Business the Dell Way, Rebecca Saunders examines this remarkable success story and draws out the universal lesson any business can learn. Dell began with a brilliant business model - creating mass-customized computers and selling them direct to consumers. But this was not enough. The model has been supported by management excellence, the relentless pursuit of improvement and a constant flow of ideas and input from customers. In recent years Dell has maintained its market-leading position by positioning itself at the heart of the internet revolution. Business the Dell Way reveals how any manager, entrepreneur or investor can learn from the Dell story. It is at once an inspiring story of success and an invaluable source of lessons for the next generation of winners.
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