The office of governor general (tsung-tu) was the highest provincial post throughout the Ch’ing dynasty. As such, it was a vital link in the control of a vast empire by a very small and alien ruling elite. This is primarily a biographical and statistical analysis of the incumbents of that office. By analyzing the biographical data of those who held the position of governor-general, much may be learned about the nature of the office itself. However, the main objective of the study is to provide information on career patterns, that is, the variety of different posts held from the first official appointment to that of governor-general, of an important cross section of successful Ch’ing bureaucrats. By plotting and analyzing the different patterns their official careers took, we should be able to determine what kind of men reached the top of China’s provincial and national administration during the final centuries of China’s imperial history; the qualifications that were required; the factors which prompted rapid promotion or sudden disgrace. We should also be able to determine the extent to which these and other factors varied markedly among Manchu, Mongol, Chinese Bannerman, and Han incumbents and whether changes throughout the dynasty can be detected in policies concerning the office or in the career patterns of its personnel. If such detection is possible, this study may lend support to the view that late imperial China was not static, but a society undergoing significant changes. [xi]
The office of governor general (tsung-tu) was the highest provincial post throughout the Ch’ing dynasty. As such, it was a vital link in the control of a vast empire by a very small and alien ruling elite. This is primarily a biographical and statistical analysis of the incumbents of that office. By analyzing the biographical data of those who held the position of governor-general, much may be learned about the nature of the office itself. However, the main objective of the study is to provide information on career patterns, that is, the variety of different posts held from the first official appointment to that of governor-general, of an important cross section of successful Ch’ing bureaucrats. By plotting and analyzing the different patterns their official careers took, we should be able to determine what kind of men reached the top of China’s provincial and national administration during the final centuries of China’s imperial history; the qualifications that were required; the factors which prompted rapid promotion or sudden disgrace. We should also be able to determine the extent to which these and other factors varied markedly among Manchu, Mongol, Chinese Bannerman, and Han incumbents and whether changes throughout the dynasty can be detected in policies concerning the office or in the career patterns of its personnel. If such detection is possible, this study may lend support to the view that late imperial China was not static, but a society undergoing significant changes. [xi]
Mencius (also known as Meng Zi, Meng Ke, circa 372-289 BC) was the most prominent Confucian after Confucius, whose teachings were fundamental to Chinese culture for millennia. The book Mencius documented Mencius's conversations with his disciples and other relevant characters and highlighted his philosophy. This book provides a new translation of Mencius in plain and colloquial English, thorough annotations, in-depth commentaries to explain the Confucian philosophy, and modern perspectives of Mencius's ideas. The reader will find this book highly comprehensible, inspirational, and enjoyable to read. This is the eBook version in English of the book.
Mencius (also known as Meng Zi, Meng Ke, circa 372-289 BC) was the most prominent Confucian after Confucius, whose teachings were fundamental to Chinese culture for millennia. The book Mencius documented Mencius's conversations with his disciples and other relevant characters and highlighted his philosophy. This book provides a new translation of Mencius in plain and colloquial English, thorough annotations, in-depth commentaries to explain the Confucian philosophy, and modern perspectives of Mencius's ideas. The reader will find this book highly comprehensible, inspirational, and enjoyable to read. This eBook also includes the ancient text in simplified Chinese.
The study of the analysis of Chinese characters is useful to those who merely wish to read or write the Chinese language. Part of the work of any analysis is to organize the characters into groups which reveal their relationships and thus lighten the burden of memorizing. A still more important function of character analysis is to recommend the individual written words to the student's own linguistic powers so that he may feel at home with them. This is done by showing, as far as possible, how they reached their present shape and the reasoning that guided the generations of people who invented and perfected them." From the Preface. A Wade-Giles - Pinyin Conversion Table has been added to this edition.
Mencius (also known as Meng Zi, Meng Ke, circa 372-289 BC) was the most prominent Confucian after Confucius, whose teachings were fundamental to Chinese culture for millennia. The book Mencius documented Mencius's conversations with his disciples and other relevant characters and highlighted his philosophy. This book provides a new translation of Mencius in plain and colloquial English, thorough annotations, in-depth commentaries to explain the Confucian philosophy, and modern perspectives of Mencius's ideas. The reader will find this book highly comprehensible, inspirational, and enjoyable to read. This is the eBook version in English of the book.
This research monograph provides systematic and comprehensive materials for applying inframarginal analysis to study a wide range of economic phenomena. The analysis is based on a new overarching framework to resurrect the classical notion of division of labor and specialization, which is an essential source of increasing a nation's wealth. The framework absorbs many classical and neo-classical insights in a general equilibrium analysis and explains many micro- and macro-phenomena. Many areas of the discipline that have been customarily treated as separate branches can now be analyzed systematically within this integrated framework. These include, for example, micro-economics; macro-economics; development economics; international economics; urban economics; growth theory; industrial organization; applications of game theory in economics; economics of property rights; economics of transaction costs; economics of institutions and contract; economics of organization; economics of states; managerial economics; theory of hierarchy; new theory of the firm; theory of money; theory of insurance; theory of network and reliability.
At great cost and risk to the American and world economies, consumers are ripped off billions of dollars every day by oil interests and their malevolent influence on market pricing mechanisms. It's essential Americans and oil consumers throughout the world understand where the money they pay for oil's downstream products goes including the money paid at the pump, the money paid to heat their homes, and the money paid for the array of other petroleum-based products. In Ruminations on the Distortion of Oil Prices and Crony Capitalism, author Raymond J. Learsy not only discusses the distortion of oil pricing, but also focuses on effects of the crony capitalism that has enriched a select few and left Main Street in the lurch as a result of government mismanagement, moneyed influence, and craven oversight. This collection of previously published writings shows how speculators ratchet up the prices of basic material goods essential to daily lives. Learsy describes how ceding the determination of those prices not to the laws of supply and demand but predominantly to gambling dens on the trading floors of commodity exchanges as well as the price fixing collusion of producer nations (OPEC) is crippling to the world's economy. Focusing as well on Wall Street's corrupting influence on the price of oil, gasoline, and other commodities, Ruminations on the Distortion of Oil Prices and Crony Capitalism provides an overview of the basic and important theme: the United States' enslavement to oil and the moneyed interests inextricably tied to it.
Originally privately published by the author in 1924, (as The Up-to-Date Pekingese and All Other Toy Dogs) followed by a later revised and updated issue, this extremely scarce book on Toy Dogs is both expensive and hard to find in any edition. VINTAGE DOG BOOKS have republished the revised edition, using the original text and photographs, as part of their CLASSIC BREED BOOKS SERIES. The author was a much respected breeder and show winner, with her Ashton-More Pekingese kennels producing numerous Champions. Her book contains two hundred and ninety pages covering all aspects of the Toy Dog. Many detailed chapters cover the History, Points, and Standards of the following breeds: Griffon Bruxellois - Italian Greyhounds - Japanese - Maltese - Pekingese - Pugs - Pomeranians - Schipperkes - Toy Spaniels - Toy Terriers - Yorkshire Terriers - Other Comprehensive Chapters discuss: Breeding. Exhibiting. Feeding. Rearing. Nursing. Grooming. Whelping. Diseases and Treatment. Breeders Directory. Pekingese Names. Etc. The contents are lavishly illustrated with numerous vintage photographs of famous Toy Dogs from all the breeds, and also includes advertisements for many early top breeders and their kennels. This is a fascinating read for any Toy Dog enthusiast or historian of the breeds., but also contains much information that is still useful and practical today. Many of the earliest dog breed books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. VINTAGE DOG BOOKS are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
Originally privately published by the author in 1924, (as The Up-to-Date Pekingese and All Other Toy Dogs) followed by a later revised and updated issue, this extremely scarce book on Toy Dogs is both expensive and hard to find in any edition. VINTAGE DOG BOOKS have republished the revised edition, using the original text and photographs, as part of their CLASSIC BREED BOOKS SERIES. The author was a much respected breeder and show winner, with her Ashton-More Pekingese kennels producing numerous Champions. Her book contains two hundred and ninety pages covering all aspects of the Toy Dog. Many detailed chapters cover the History, Points, and Standards of the following breeds: Griffon Bruxellois - Italian Greyhounds - Japanese - Maltese - Pekingese - Pugs - Pomeranians - Schipperkes - Toy Spaniels - Toy Terriers - Yorkshire Terriers - Other Comprehensive Chapters discuss: Breeding. Exhibiting. Feeding. Rearing. Nursing. Grooming. Whelping. Diseases and Treatment. Breeders Directory. Pekingese Names. Etc. The contents are lavishly illustrated with numerous vintage photographs of famous Toy Dogs from all the breeds, and also includes advertisements for many early top breeders and their kennels. This is a fascinating read for any Toy Dog enthusiast or historian of the breeds., but also contains much information that is still useful and practical today. Many of the earliest dog breed books, particularly those dating back to the 1900s and before, are now extremely scarce and increasingly expensive. VINTAGE DOG BOOKS are republishing these classic works in affordable, high quality, modern editions, using the original text and artwork.
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