Fiscal institutional capacity in most fragile states (FS) and several low-income developing countries (LIDCs) is much lower than in other countries. Governments in these countries face several cash management challenges because they often lack credible budgets, have smaller and less diversified revenue bases, have limited access to financial markets, and rely largely on donors to fund a large portion of their budgets. Available public funds in these countries often remain dispersed outside the control of the ministry of finance. In the absence of a good cash forecasting function, these countries typically resort to cash rationing to meet their priority spending needs, often in an ad hoc manner, which can adversely affect budget execution and achievement of fiscal policy targets. This note sets out the key objectives and building blocks of a cash management function in FS and LIDCs. It suggests several measures to progressively build cash management capacity in three interrelated areas: consolidating cash resources, forecasting cash flows, and managing cash balances with sound institutional setups.
Fiscal institutional capacity in most fragile states (FS) and several low-income developing countries (LIDCs) is much lower than in other countries. Governments in these countries face several cash management challenges because they often lack credible budgets, have smaller and less diversified revenue bases, have limited access to financial markets, and rely largely on donors to fund a large portion of their budgets. Available public funds in these countries often remain dispersed outside the control of the ministry of finance. In the absence of a good cash forecasting function, these countries typically resort to cash rationing to meet their priority spending needs, often in an ad hoc manner, which can adversely affect budget execution and achievement of fiscal policy targets. This note sets out the key objectives and building blocks of a cash management function in FS and LIDCs. It suggests several measures to progressively build cash management capacity in three interrelated areas: consolidating cash resources, forecasting cash flows, and managing cash balances with sound institutional setups.
The Cuban Insurrection is an in-depth study of the first stage of the Cuban Revolution, the years from 1952 to 1959. The volume depicts the origins of the conflict, details the middle years, and ends with Fidel Castro's victorious arrival In Havana on January 8, 1959. Based on a wealth of hitherto unpublished original material, including confidential military reports, letters from various leaders of the insurrection and data gathered from interviews held In Cuba and abroad, the book Is a descriptive historical analysis of the struggle against military dictator Fulgencio Batista. The authors challenge the traditional premise that Cuba's insurrection began in the rural areas and only later expanded into urban areas. Instead they argue that the insurrectionary struggle was based upon combined urban-rural guerrilla warfare against the regular army. Basically, The Cuban Insurrection treats two major movements involved in the struggle—The Directorio Revolucionario and the M-26-7—and examines the growth, ideology, conflicts, and military strategies of their respective rural and urban organizations. The book includes a detailed analysis of combat, strikes, uprisings, and expeditions. Original maps and charts illustrate battles, maneuvers, and guerrilla political structures.
Accompanying Columbus on his second voyage to the New World in 1494 was a young Spanish friar named Ramón Pané. The friar’s assignment was to live among the “Indians” whom Columbus had “discovered” on the island of Hispaniola (today the island shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic), to learn their language, and to write a record of their lives and beliefs. While the culture of these indigenous people—who came to be known as the Taíno—is now extinct, the written record completed by Pané around 1498 has survived. This volume makes Pané’s landmark Account—the first book written in a European language on American soil—available in an annotated English edition. Edited by the noted Hispanist José Juan Arrom, Pané’s report is the only surviving direct source of information about the myths, ceremonies, and lives of the New World inhabitants whom Columbus first encountered. The friar’s text contains many linguistic and cultural observations, including descriptions of the Taíno people’s healing rituals and their beliefs about their souls after death. Pané provides the first known description of the use of the hallucinogen cohoba, and he recounts the use of idols in ritual ceremonies. The names, functions, and attributes of native gods; the mythological origin of the aboriginal people’s attitudes toward sex and gender; and their rich stories of creation are described as well.
You can't help liking Laura: she's tough, funny, smart, and sometimes vulnerable. She's a computer executive with a San Francisco oil development firm. But she can't seem to do anything right these days. Her boss calls her in for a chat: improve or you're out of here. Adrift, her edge lost, Laura receives a puzzling inheritance with a note, " You were our smart one Laura; maybe you can do more with this than Dad and I did. Struggling to save her career, Laura accepts the inheritance challenge. Super-talented associates help unravel a century-old mystery: Pablo Beckman, a wealthy retired lawyer, and Bo Didier, a young computer genius, uncover a faint trail leading thousands of miles to a very different time. Villanous rivals know every move. Laura's life is on the block, dear friends are horribly injured. Now she would go back if she could, but there is no return. She must battle deadly enemies while facing unpleasant truths about herself. It's all here: ante-bellum courtrooms, civil war treasure, executive suites, grimy railroad towns, code-breaking secrets, romance, and tragedy. Read Laura's surprising story: a tough novel with underlying tenderness. A techno-thriller that bites hard from page one.
The Ghost in the Constitution offers a reflection on the political use of the concept of historical memory foregrounding the case of Spain. The book analyses the philosophical implications of the transference of the notion of memory from the individual consciousness to the collective subject and considers the conflation of epistemology with ethics. A subtheme is the origins and transmission of political violence, and its endurance in the form of symbolic violence and negationism in the post-Franco era. Some chapters treat of specific traumatic phenomena such as the bombing of Guernica and the Holocaust.
The fourth edition of this widely-used textbook introduces students to what it means to be a Latino American culturally and politically at a time of unprecedented challenges for America’s diverse and fastest-growing ethnic group. Garcia and Sanchez provide an in-depth examination of the individual communities that comprise the Latino culture, and how those bonds affect political development and decisions. With a look at voting, immigration, political engagement, and the critical public policies that constitute a Latino agenda, Garcia and Sanchez provide substantive insight on Latino pan-ethnic identity, growing policy issues, political participation, and the impact of changing Latino sub-groups.
The New Latino Studies Reader is designed as a contemporary, updated, multifaceted collection of writings that bring to force the exciting, necessary scholarship of the last decades. Its aim is to introduce a new generation of students to a wide-ranging set of essays that helps them gain a truer understanding of what itÕs like to be a Latino in the United States. Ê With the reader, students explore the sociohistorical formation of Latinos as a distinct panethnic group in the United States, delving into issues of class formation; social stratification; racial, gender, and sexual identities; and politics and cultural production. And while other readers now in print may discuss Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and Central Americans as distinct groups with unique experiences, this text explores both the commonalities and the differences that structure the experiences of Latino Americans. Timely, thorough, and thought-provoking, The New Latino Studies Reader provides a genuine view of the Latino experience as a whole. Ê
Los canales del sur de Chile tranquilos a ratos; tormentosos, intrincados y fantasmagóricos todo el tiempo, hasta el siglo XVI sólo conocían la presencia humana de los indios alacalufes que en inestables y débiles canoas los merodeaban. En el mes de octubre de 1557 aparecen desde el Golfo de Penas avanzando hacia el sur dos bien pertrechados bergantines españoles en procura de encontrar la boca nor-occidental del Estrecho de Magallanes. Una de estas embarcaciones es el "San Luis" que lleva como capitán al ilustre marino español Juan Ladrilleros. Piloto formado en una escuela de élite como fue la de Sevilla, dependiente de la poderosa Casa de Contratación. Enviado por el gobernador García Hurtado de Mendoza, tiene como mandato llegar hasta el Estrecho y tomar posesión de este paso en nombre del Virreinato del Perú y la Gobernación de Chile. La lectura de este documentado histórico, le permitirá al lector conocer las motivaciones de Ladrilleros para navegar en una misión por los mares más inhóspitos de la tierra. Su autor, residente y conocedor de esos mares, nos entrega las vivencias y sensaciones de una sorprendente navegación.
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