Lean Manufacturing is defined as efficient approach to identifying and eliminating waste (non–value add activities) through regular improvement flowing the product in the pull of the customer in reach of perfection. Lean manufacturing is often simply "lean", is a systematical method for the leave out of waste ("Muda") within a manufacturing system. Lean also takes into account waste created through overwhelm ("Muri") and waste created through imperfection in workloads ("Mura"). Working from the angle of the client who consumes a product, "value" is any action or process that a customer want to pay for. " To solve the problem of waste, Lean Manufacturing has number of tools at its disposal. These include continuous process improvement the '5 Ways' and mistake-proofing. Thus it can be seen as taking a very similar approach to other improvement procedure.
In the ever-evolving landscape of molecular diagnostics, we find ourselves at a unique intersection of science, technology, and human health. This book embarks on an in-depth exploration of the transformative power of molecular diagnostic technologies, which have revolutionized our understanding of microbial pathogens and their impact on global health. From the dawn of molecular biology to the sophisticated diagnostics of today, the journey has been nothing short of extraordinary. Advances in genomic technologies, such as next-generation sequencing and CRISPR-based diagnostics, have not only enhanced our ability to detect and characterize pathogens but have also paved the way for personalized medicine and precision healthcare. These innovations have provided clinicians with unprecedented tools to diagnose, treat, and manage a myriad of infectious diseases with greater accuracy and efficiency. This comprehensive volume is designed to serve as both a foundational text and forward-looking guide for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers involved in the field of molecular diagnostic microbiology. It into the intricate of pathogen detection, the clinical applications of these technologies, and the ethical, legal, and social implications that accompany their use. The chapters ahead will take you through the principles of nucleic acid extraction, the nuances of bioinformatics in diagnostics, and the critical aspects of quality assurance in laboratory settings. You will also discover the emerging trends and future directions in molecular diagnostics, offering a glimpse into the next frontier of microbial exploration. This book is a testament to the collaborative efforts of scientists, healthcare professionals, and regulatory bodies worldwide, who strive to harness the full potential of molecular diagnostics for the betterment of human health. It is our hope that the insights and knowledge contained within these pages will inspire continued innovation and foster a deeper understanding of the vital role that molecular diagnostics play in modern medicine. We invite you to join us on this journey through the fascinating world of molecular diagnostic microbiology, where each discovery brings us closer to a future where the mysteries of infectious diseases are unraveled, and the promise of personalized medicine is fully realized.
Designing a sustainable manufacturing system entail taking into account both financial and environmental restrictions. Business concerns about sustain strategies of commercial and environmental accounting are developing. Still here, different techniques of measure an association's or providing chain's total environmental impact, and there is currently no agreed-upon uniform standard. Energy use's environmental and climate implications are quickly becoming a major challenge for industry and civilization. Changing client expectations and requirements, government restrictions, and changing competition force many organisations to compete in new areas.
Sand casting parts are widely used in various assemblies so these are in huge demand. To meet the increasing demand and increasing manufacturing cost industries are focusing on sustainable manufacturing. Life cycle assessment tools are used by the industries to quantify sustainability of a process. In the present study, a computer aided system to analyze the sustainability of sand casting process is developed. The proposed system can determine indicators like energy use, solid waste, cost, and other miscellaneous consumption like flux, die-coat lubricant for sand casting process. It determines the sustainability indicators on the basis of the selection of metal, metal alloy and sub-process. This system has user friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI).That has been developed to prompt user to select the various choices in the system and enter data for the process plan.
The present research has been done to investigate the influence of different input process parameters on the desired response (flux consumption) in the submerged arc welding process. Fractional factorial technique has been used to design the experiment to reduce the number of runs. The effects of welding current, arc voltage, travel speed and nozzle to plate distance have been found on the flux consumption. The Design Expert software has been used to obtain relationship between the response and parameters. The effect of all the input parameters on the output responses have been analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mathematical modelling.
Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid state process in which a non consumable stirring (rotating) tool is plunged into a work piece up to half thickness, which causes intense plastic deformation, material mixing, and thermal exposure, resulting in refinement of micro structural properties, enhancement of mechanical properties, and homogeneity of the processed (nugget) zone. The FSP technique has been successfully used for producing fine-grained structure and surface composite, modifying the microstructure of materials, synthesizing composites like metal-metal composites. The use of FSP generates significant frictional heating and intense plastic deformation, thereby resulting in the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization in the stirred zone (SZ). Although there is still a controversy about the grain-refinement mechanism in the SZ, it is generally believed that the grain refinement is due to dynamic recrystallization. Therefore, the factors influencing the nucleation and growth of the dynamic recrystallization will determine the resultant grain microstructure in the SZ. It has been demonstrated that the FSP parameters, tool geometry, material chemistry, workpiece temperature, vertical pressure, and active cooling exert a significant effect on the size of the recrystallized grains in the SZ.
Today, Total Quality Management and Total Productive Maintenance has developed into a management system as a figure of knowledge and surrounding the inclusive set of engineering ideologies and methods. Total Quality Management and Total Productive Maintenance manufacturing has the capability to fortify the industry's competitiveness in the market by dropping wastes and refining quality of product and production efficiency. Total Quality Management and Total Productive Maintenance also appeared as a method of achieving the high usage level from available inadequate resources.This thesis work demonstrates the findingsinference from the data collected on the constructed questionnaire as discussed in the report and discuss the desired objective of the research study in an analytic way, with the proper application of the statistical and analysis tools. The analysis of the data collected was performed using PASW STATISTICS 18 software.The internal consistency was measured of the questionnaire. Croanbach's alpha is a measure of internal consistency, that is, how closely related a set of items are as a group. The Croanbach alpha indices were evaluated for overall questionnaire. The surveyed respondents were assessed on various statements based on the parameters of Six sigma. The data was collected from the respondents on four point scale regarding the implementation of various issues i.e. not at all, to some extent, reasonably well and to a great extent. On further analysis it was evident that multi skilling of workers is reported to a reasonable extent in 29.09% organizations and to a great extent in 41.81%. project managers being assisted by operators is reported to a reasonable extent by 27.27% and to a great extent by 38.18%. on the issue of maintenance quality circles reported to a reasonable extent by 43.63% and to great extent by 34.54%.Maintenance and quality record keeping is reported by 29.09% to reasonable extent and by 49.09% to great extent. Similarly, broader job perspectives and employee empowerment is reported to a reasonable extent by 47.27% and to a great extent by 29.09%. Unlike these, reduction in total product defects is reported by 32.72% and 0.40% to reasonable extent and to great extent respectively.
Aluminium is the third most abundant element (after oxygen and silicon), and the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust. Aluminium is remarkable for the metal's low density and for its ability to resist corrosion due to the phenomenon of passivation. Structural components made from aluminium and its alloys are vital to the aerospace industry and are important in other areas of transportation and structural materials Welding plays a crucial role or say as a back bone of manufacturing industry to join the components. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new joining process that has been demonstrated in a variety of metals such as steel, titanium, lead, copper and aluminium. The unique properties of friction stir welds make possible some completely new structural designs with significant impact to ship design and construction. Friction stir welding is especially advantageous for joining aluminium and has been exploited commercially around the world in several industries. In the present work the effects of welding speed have been investigated on the microstructural and mechanical properties of friction stir welded aluminium alloy 6063. FSW was carried out at rotational speed of 1300 rpm (constant) and transverse speeds of 35, 50 and 65 mm/min. Mechanical performance has been investigated in terms of hardness, wear resistance and tensile strength. To study the effect of post welding heat treatment on properties of friction stir welded joint, the artificial ageing was carried out at 1600 C for a soaking period of 20 hours in the muffle furnace. The study revealed that friction stir welded joint prepared at welding speed of 35 mm/min exhibited better tensile strength, hardness and wear resistance. Better mechanical properties of the joint prepared at welding speed of 35 mm/min may be attributed due to fine, homogeneous and equaxed grain structure of stir zone. Post welding heat treatment of friction stir welded joint improved the wear resistance and microhardness of the joint. However tensile properties deteriorated with the post welding heat treatment of joint.
FSP is manufacturing the Technique used to modify the microstructure metals. In this process a rotating tool is penetrated in the work piece and moved in the transverse direction.Further FSP technique is used for fabrication of surface composite on aluminium substrate and homogenization of powder metallurgy aluminium alloy, metal matrix composites, and the cast aluminium alloys. By this process material properties can be improved due to enhancement of grain structure. With this technique the material have shown good corrosion resistance, high strength and high fatigue resistance.
GSCM theaters a dynamic role in persuading the total environment effect of any industry involved in supply chain actions and backing to sustainable performance development. GSCM is evolved from SCM. In the 1990s, as competition build up, the enhanced cognizance of green practices has caused firms to act in a morally and generally accountable method in the supply chains. In 1995, GSCM fascinated significant academic interest. In 2010, GSCM received uppermost attention. With GSCM practices in concentration, firms advance in environmental managing policies in reaction to the alterations of ecological necessities and their influences on supply chain processes.
The present research has been done to study the effect of different independent input process parameters on the desired responses in the submerged arc welding process. Half factorial technique has been used for the design of experiments. The effects of welding current, open circuit, welding speed and nozzle to plate distance have been found on the reinforcement, bead width, depth of penetration and width of penetration on 12mm mild steel plates. The effect of all the input parameters on the output responses have been analyzed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and mathematical modeling. The developed models could be used for the prediction of important weld bread geometry and control of the weld bead quality by selecting appropriate process parameters.
Neural Networks and their implementation decoded with TensorFlow About This Book Develop a strong background in neural network programming from scratch, using the popular Tensorflow library. Use Tensorflow to implement different kinds of neural networks – from simple feedforward neural networks to multilayered perceptrons, CNNs, RNNs and more. A highly practical guide including real-world datasets and use-cases to simplify your understanding of neural networks and their implementation. Who This Book Is For This book is meant for developers with a statistical background who want to work with neural networks. Though we will be using TensorFlow as the underlying library for neural networks, book can be used as a generic resource to bridge the gap between the math and the implementation of deep learning. If you have some understanding of Tensorflow and Python and want to learn what happens at a level lower than the plain API syntax, this book is for you. What You Will Learn Learn Linear Algebra and mathematics behind neural network. Dive deep into Neural networks from the basic to advanced concepts like CNN, RNN Deep Belief Networks, Deep Feedforward Networks. Explore Optimization techniques for solving problems like Local minima, Global minima, Saddle points Learn through real world examples like Sentiment Analysis. Train different types of generative models and explore autoencoders. Explore TensorFlow as an example of deep learning implementation. In Detail If you're aware of the buzz surrounding the terms such as "machine learning," "artificial intelligence," or "deep learning," you might know what neural networks are. Ever wondered how they help in solving complex computational problem efficiently, or how to train efficient neural networks? This book will teach you just that. You will start by getting a quick overview of the popular TensorFlow library and how it is used to train different neural networks. You will get a thorough understanding of the fundamentals and basic math for neural networks and why TensorFlow is a popular choice Then, you will proceed to implement a simple feed forward neural network. Next you will master optimization techniques and algorithms for neural networks using TensorFlow. Further, you will learn to implement some more complex types of neural networks such as convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and Deep Belief Networks. In the course of the book, you will be working on real-world datasets to get a hands-on understanding of neural network programming. You will also get to train generative models and will learn the applications of autoencoders. By the end of this book, you will have a fair understanding of how you can leverage the power of TensorFlow to train neural networks of varying complexities, without any hassle. While you are learning about various neural network implementations you will learn the underlying mathematics and linear algebra and how they map to the appropriate TensorFlow constructs. Style and Approach This book is designed to give you just the right number of concepts to back up the examples. With real-world use cases and problems solved, this book is a handy guide for you. Each concept is backed by a generic and real-world problem, followed by a variation, making you independent and able to solve any problem with neural networks. All of the content is demystified by a simple and straightforward approach.
Friction welding is a solid state joining process used for joining of different metals that provides similar welding properties as like parent metal properties. In this welding process no filler metal is required and thus it’s a emissions less process. In this experiment for the purpose to joining of pieces include the generation of heat with the help of friction. Due to this pressure with variable speeds the tool moves on the work piece for joining of two metals. The soft layer of material will move out and angular movement starts during this process.
It may be defined as an operation of heating and cooling of metals or alloys in the solid state to induce certain desired properties into them. Heat treatment can alter the mechanical properties of steel by changing the shape and size of grains of which it is composed, or by changing its micro-constituents.
Companies are involved in a continuous process of change in order to renew capabilities and achieve a competitive advantage in a hyper competitive setting. The key, then, is to own and nurture the resources and competencies that make up the essence of the business. This work discusses the impact of core competences on organizational performance as a critical issue in manufacturing sector This paper proposes model for creating competitive advantage through core competence. The approach is used by reviewing some concept about core competence. An organizer questionnaire was developed ,through which data of 59 manufacturing organizations was collected. A range of methods were used to analyses statistical data, and the results were extracted using SPSS. The result’s of correlation analysis, shows that there is a significant correlation among core competences and organizational performance.Using regression analysis, core competencies were shortlisted. Based on this, we recommend that manufacturing organizations should develop of their core competences as a strategic tool to enhance organizational performance
Designing in sand casting is a critical activity for manufacturing. Further, activities like cavity design, cavity layout and design of gating system are essential in design. Design of gating system in sand casting is dependent upon a various parameters. Gating system design requires lot of manual input and a number of iterations to finalize the design. This requires a good knowledge of casting process, making this activity completely dependent on the user. In present day industry, lot of CAD/CAM tools are applied for design, development and manufacturing. However, need of sand casting expert throughout design and manufacturing makes it a quite lengthy process. Gating system design being one of the major activities also takes much time. Therefore, it would be quite beneficial to develop a system for automated generation of gating system. Proposed system takes CAD file of the die casting part as input and uses sand casting process, machine and alloy knowledge to determine different parameters for the gating system. Designs of the components of the gating system like runner, gate and overflow have been attempted. A feature library has been proposed as a part of this work which together with parametric design of the gating system generates CAD model of the components of the gating system. The system would go a long way in bridging the gap between designing and manufacturing of die-casting.
Drilling is one of the basic machining process of making holes and that is is essential for manufacturing industry. Therefore optimization of the parameters that control the process of micro drilling is unavoidable in order to have the best results. In this study the parametric optimization of micro drilling has been studied by considering a number of parameters such as spindle speed, feed rate and drilling tool size on material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness, dimensional accuracy. In this work, a study has been done on optimum drilling parameter for carbide drilling tool in micro-drilling processes in order to find the best drilling parameter for copper as a work piece material. Micro drilling experiment with 2.3mm to 2.6 mm drill sizes were performed by changing the spindle speed and feed at three different levels. Comparative analysis has been done between surface roughness, MRR and dimensional accuracy of drilled holes by experimentation. From the result, the surface roughness are mostly influenced by spindle speed and feed rate. As the spindle speed increases, the surface roughness will decrease. However the surface roughness increases with increase in feed rate. The value of MRR decrease when the tool diameter, spindle speed and feed rate decreases. As drilling tool diameter, feed rate and spindle speed increase the dimensional accuracy of drilled hole will decrease. The increment of spindle speed and feed rate value will affect the tool wear.
Leverage the power of deep learning and Keras to develop smarter and more efficient data models Key FeaturesUnderstand different neural networks and their implementation using KerasExplore recipes for training and fine-tuning your neural network modelsPut your deep learning knowledge to practice with real-world use-cases, tips, and tricksBook Description Keras has quickly emerged as a popular deep learning library. Written in Python, it allows you to train convolutional as well as recurrent neural networks with speed and accuracy. The Keras Deep Learning Cookbook shows you how to tackle different problems encountered while training efficient deep learning models, with the help of the popular Keras library. Starting with installing and setting up Keras, the book demonstrates how you can perform deep learning with Keras in the TensorFlow. From loading data to fitting and evaluating your model for optimal performance, you will work through a step-by-step process to tackle every possible problem faced while training deep models. You will implement convolutional and recurrent neural networks, adversarial networks, and more with the help of this handy guide. In addition to this, you will learn how to train these models for real-world image and language processing tasks. By the end of this book, you will have a practical, hands-on understanding of how you can leverage the power of Python and Keras to perform effective deep learning What you will learnInstall and configure Keras in TensorFlowMaster neural network programming using the Keras library Understand the different Keras layers Use Keras to implement simple feed-forward neural networks, CNNs and RNNsWork with various datasets and models used for image and text classificationDevelop text summarization and reinforcement learning models using KerasWho this book is for Keras Deep Learning Cookbook is for you if you are a data scientist or machine learning expert who wants to find practical solutions to common problems encountered while training deep learning models. A basic understanding of Python and some experience in machine learning and neural networks is required for this book.
This techno-economic performance review of selected fishing fleets in Asia presents the findings of six country level studies of fishing fleets in Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Japan and the Republic of Korea. The review includes financial and economic information of 27 major fishing fleet segments, including trawlers, gillnetters, long liners, jiggers, purse seiners, as well as pole and line fishing vessels. An analysis of the costs and earnings data of these important fishing fleet segments in Asia was carried out using national statistics of 2017 for the Japanese and the Korean fleet segments and 2018-19 survey data for the other countries. Eighty-nine percent of the 27 fishing fleet segments reported positive net cash flows. Seventy percent of the fishing fleets realized net profit margins of more than 10 percent. Eighty-one percent of the fishing fleets reported positive results in terms of their capital productivity, as theirs returns on fixed tangible assets (ROFTAs) were positive.The review shows that investments in fishing vessels and fishing operations of these major Asian fishing fleets are generally profitable. Marine capture fishing is a financially viable economic activity in all six major fishing nations included in the review. It generates enough income to cover depreciation costs, interest and loan repayments, and provides sufficient financial resources for reinvestment. Nearly 60 percent of the fishing fleets generated returns on investment (ROIs) of 15 percent and higher, which signals an attractive sector for investments. The total gross value added (GVA) of the 27 fishing fleets to the Asian regional economy was substantial and estimated at around USD 66 billion. The review also reveals a need for adequate management measures, including fleet capacity management plans, to improve the status of fish stock in the region and maintain a healthy and profitable fishing sector.
Create scalable machine learning applications to power a modern data-driven business using Spark 2.x About This Book Get to the grips with the latest version of Apache Spark Utilize Spark's machine learning library to implement predictive analytics Leverage Spark's powerful tools to load, analyze, clean, and transform your data Who This Book Is For If you have a basic knowledge of machine learning and want to implement various machine-learning concepts in the context of Spark ML, this book is for you. You should be well versed with the Scala and Python languages. What You Will Learn Get hands-on with the latest version of Spark ML Create your first Spark program with Scala and Python Set up and configure a development environment for Spark on your own computer, as well as on Amazon EC2 Access public machine learning datasets and use Spark to load, process, clean, and transform data Use Spark's machine learning library to implement programs by utilizing well-known machine learning models Deal with large-scale text data, including feature extraction and using text data as input to your machine learning models Write Spark functions to evaluate the performance of your machine learning models In Detail This book will teach you about popular machine learning algorithms and their implementation. You will learn how various machine learning concepts are implemented in the context of Spark ML. You will start by installing Spark in a single and multinode cluster. Next you'll see how to execute Scala and Python based programs for Spark ML. Then we will take a few datasets and go deeper into clustering, classification, and regression. Toward the end, we will also cover text processing using Spark ML. Once you have learned the concepts, they can be applied to implement algorithms in either green-field implementations or to migrate existing systems to this new platform. You can migrate from Mahout or Scikit to use Spark ML. By the end of this book, you will acquire the skills to leverage Spark's features to create your own scalable machine learning applications and power a modern data-driven business. Style and approach This practical tutorial with real-world use cases enables you to develop your own machine learning systems with Spark. The examples will help you combine various techniques and models into an intelligent machine learning system.
Abstract: This thesis explores the religious component of the United States of America’s identity as manifested through the American Civil Religion (ACR). The foundation of the ACR is found within the American Revolution a time which gave birth to new principles and rituals. This tradition of the ACR is known as “prophetic republicanism.” The ACR continued to develop through the antebellum era and had far reaching impacts on many parts of American life. Focusing in on Abraham Lincoln illuminates how masculine gender performance both expressed, and was impacted by, this form of ACR. The thesis concludes by examining Lincoln’s reading of the Declaration of Independence which has a uniquely prophetic republican voice. Lincoln’s adherence to this tradition of the ACR shaped the way he carried the country through the American Civil War. This is a stepping-stone for thinking about the domain of religion as not separate from other domains such as politics or economics. Rather all these domains are interlocking and interpenetrating categories.
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