This book discusses and analyses various complicated and controversial legal issues surrounding Search and Seizure. It also aims to comprehend and address various practical aspects with the help of landmark judgements from various courts. This book will help practising tax consultants, taxpayers, academicians, and tax administrators. The Present Publication is the 9th Edition and has been amended by the Finance Act 2023. This book is authored by Dr Raj K. Agarwal & Dr Rakesh Gupta with the following noteworthy features: • [Solutions to Practical Issues] in the form of: o Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) o Gist of Landmark Judgements of various courts o Significant Checklists on various issues relating to the handling of Search & assessment of search cases • [Balanced View on Controversial Issues via Landmark Judgements (updated till March 2023)] from the point of view of taxpayers & the department • [Discussion on amended Reassessment Provisions] along with a discussion on various issues that may arise in the future The contents of the book are as follows: • Search and Seizure – Nature of Provisions • Circumstances when Search can be Initiated • Authorisation of Search • Validity of Search – Writ Jurisdiction • Actual Conduct of Search Operations • Seizure of Books of Accounts, Documents and Assets • Restraint Order – Section 132(3) and Section 132(8A) • Recording of Statement – Section 132(4) • Presumption under Section 132(4A) & 292C • Sections 132(8)/132(10)/132(9)/132(9A) to 9(D) & 132B • Requisition under Section 132A • New Assessment or Reassessment Scheme of Search Cases as Introduced by the Finance Act, 2021 • Assessment of Search Cases under Section 153A/153C • Handing of Assessments in Search Cases • Attraction of Wealth Tax in Search Cases • Penalties and Prosecution in Search Cases • Application to Settlement Commission in Search Cases • Precautions before Facing Search Action
This book is a complete guide to all matters pertaining to the taxation of real estate developers & joint development arrangements from an income tax & accounting perspective. This book addresses the tax issues relating to the following: • Land Owner • Developer • Other Stakeholders, such as Flat Owners or Buyer of Real Estate The Present Publication is the 6th Edition and has been amended by the Finance Act 2023. This book is authored by Dr Raj K. Agarwal & Dr Rakesh Gupta with the following noteworthy features: • [Critical Income Tax Issues] relating to the following are covered: o Determination of the year of transfer of capital asset o Value of sale consideration in the case of joint development of the real estate, particularly when a joint development agreement is drafted in a complex manner • [Analysis of Provisions] o Section 2(47), i.e., the definition of ‘Transfer’ of Capital Asset o Section 45(2), i.e., the Conversion of Capital Assets into Stock-in-trade o Section 50D, i.e., the Fair Market Value deemed to be the Full Value of Consideration o Deeming Provisions of Sections 43CA, 50C, 56(2)(x)(b) & 23(5) o Section 80-IBA, i.e., the granting of deductions to developers for the construction of affordable housing • [Analysis Chargeability of Capital Gains on Transfer of Asset in the hands of Land Owner] under sub-section (5A) to Section 45 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 • [Attraction of Capital Gains Tax Liability] in case of transfer of Agricultural Land • [Analysis of various Judgments of ITAT & High Courts] applicable to the Land Owner and Real Estate Developer in the case of Joint Development of Real Estate • [In-depth Analysis of Guidance Note] on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions (Revised 2012) issued by the ICAI, applicable to Real Estate Developer • [Analysis of Applicability of the Principle of Revenue Recognition] to Real Estate Developer at different points in time • [Analysis of Applicability of Income Recognition] to Real Estate Developer under IFRS & ICDS Regime The detailed contents of the book are as follows: • Joint Development Arrangement for Real Estate • Tax Issues for Real Estate Developers • History of Accounting Standards Applicable to Real Estate Developers • Analysis of Guidance Note on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions (Revised 2012) • Revenue Recognition for Real Estate Developers under IFRS • Impact of Income Computation and Disclosure Standards (ICDS) • Tax Issues for Real Estate Owners • Capital Asset vs Business Asset • Analysis of Provisions of Section 45(2) regarding Conversion of Capital Asset into Stock in Trade • Analysis of Provisions of Section 2(47) • Analysis of Provisions of Section 50D • Analysis of Provision of Section 45(5A) • Taxability of Capital Gain Arising on Transfer of Agriculture Land • Analysis of the Provisions of Section 50C, Section 43CA, Section 56(2)(x)(b) & Section 23(5) • Analysis of Provisions of Section 80-IBA
Simplified Overview of the Clinical Ophthalmology for the Students Textbook of Ophthalmology is an essential book written to cater to the needs of undergraduate students and covers all the theoretical and practical topics of ophthalmology. It emphasizes the gradual understanding of all aspects of anatomy, physiology, pathological disorders, necessary investigations, and recommended management. Consisting of 28 chapters, the topics begin with anatomy and physiology of vision and further describe all the intraocular structures and their related disorders, intraocular tumors, and injuries. Separate chapters have been included for ocular manifestations in neurological and systemic disorders. The last chapter on community ophthalmology highlights the latest updates in the “National Program for Control of Blindness.” Key Features: • The text is as per the latest competency based MCI curriculum. • It is written in a simple language with gradual progression of the content from the basics of anatomy and physiology to the pathology of different disorders. • Understanding and reciprocation of the topics are made easier with algorithms, tables, along with more than 300 clinical images and illustrations. • Applied aspects have been highlighted in the boxes. This book is a must for MBBS students, for those preparing for postgraduate entrance, as a foundation book for residents in ophthalmology, and as a review book for those practicing ophthalmology. Sanjeev Kumar Mittal, MS, FICO (Japan), is the Head, Department of Ophthalmology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India. He completed graduation and postgraduation from GSV Medical College, Kanpur, and did fellowship from Gunma University, Japan. He has been trained at Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, and LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad. He has 28 years’ experience as an ophthalmologist and is a well-known medical faculty from Uttarakhand since 1996. He has been a professor of ophthalmology for the last 15 years, and has authored 55 research publications and has 8 research projects to his credit. He has been bestowed with several awards for community ophthalmology services. Teaching and training students and spreading eye health awareness are his passion. Raj Kumar Agarwal, MS, is a Consultant Ophthalmologist at Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. He completed his graduation and postgraduation from SN Medical College, Agra. He has 30 years of wide experience in the field of ophthalmology. Clinical work and teaching have been his passion, and he has a special interest in the clinical work of glaucoma, squint, and neuro-ophthalmology.
Operating systems are a vital program of any computer system and computer science education. This book introduces the design concepts of operating systems. As computer is eventually embedding in every area though Operating Systems is undergoing express transformation. More sophisticated operating system level software’s are developing in every arena of day-to-day life. This book is dedicatedly written for description of operating system concepts from initial to expert level with help of sophisticated and real world examples. Motive to write this book is to explain the operating system concepts from graduation to post graduate levels through understandable descriptions. Hopefully, experts also found healthy discussions in this book. The book covers Process Management, Processes Scheduling and Inter process communication in latest technologies. This book also covers technological enhancements for leading high speed and efficient process management techniques. Further this book explains the concepts of memory hierarchy, Memory Management, Memory allocation, Paging and segmentation, Virtual memory, etc., by considering detailed architectural designs and algorithms. Core and detailed examples have been used to illustrate both traditional and modern computing memory requirements. As File System Management and IO Managements is also a major arena of Operating systems design, a firm foundation examples based text is presented in this book.
This book discusses and analyses various complicated and controversial legal issues surrounding Search and Seizure. It also aims to comprehend and address various practical aspects with the help of landmark judgements from various courts. This book will help practising tax consultants, taxpayers, academicians, and tax administrators. The Present Publication is the 9th Edition and has been amended by the Finance Act 2023. This book is authored by Dr Raj K. Agarwal & Dr Rakesh Gupta with the following noteworthy features: • [Solutions to Practical Issues] in the form of: o Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) o Gist of Landmark Judgements of various courts o Significant Checklists on various issues relating to the handling of Search & assessment of search cases • [Balanced View on Controversial Issues via Landmark Judgements (updated till March 2023)] from the point of view of taxpayers & the department • [Discussion on amended Reassessment Provisions] along with a discussion on various issues that may arise in the future The contents of the book are as follows: • Search and Seizure – Nature of Provisions • Circumstances when Search can be Initiated • Authorisation of Search • Validity of Search – Writ Jurisdiction • Actual Conduct of Search Operations • Seizure of Books of Accounts, Documents and Assets • Restraint Order – Section 132(3) and Section 132(8A) • Recording of Statement – Section 132(4) • Presumption under Section 132(4A) & 292C • Sections 132(8)/132(10)/132(9)/132(9A) to 9(D) & 132B • Requisition under Section 132A • New Assessment or Reassessment Scheme of Search Cases as Introduced by the Finance Act, 2021 • Assessment of Search Cases under Section 153A/153C • Handing of Assessments in Search Cases • Attraction of Wealth Tax in Search Cases • Penalties and Prosecution in Search Cases • Application to Settlement Commission in Search Cases • Precautions before Facing Search Action
This book thoroughly explains the Black Money (Undisclosed Foreign Income and Assets) and Imposition of Tax Act 2015 (Black Money Act), which addresses the issue of undisclosed foreign income and assets held by Ordinarily Residents in India. The book details the legal framework, including stringent assessment, valuation, and compliance procedures specific to the Black Money Act, distinct from the Income-tax Act, 1961. It covers the scope and applicability of the Act, outlines severe penalties and prosecution measures for non-compliance, and provides a critical analysis of emerging legal issues due to the Black Money Act's evolving nature. This book is helpful for tax professionals, legal practitioners, and others to understand the complexities of undisclosed foreign assets, aiming to provide practical insights and foster an understanding of the stringent regulations designed to curb illegal asset holdings abroad. The Present Publication is the 3rd Edition and has been amended by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2024. This book is authored by Dr Raj K. Agarwal & Dr Rakesh Gupta, with the following noteworthy features: • [Purpose and Rationale] The book explains the need for a separate legal framework to address undisclosed foreign income and assets, differentiating it from the broader Income-tax Act, 1961. It outlines the stringent measures targeting individuals classified as Ordinarily Residents in India who possess undisclosed foreign income and assets and the severe penalties and prosecution provisions intended to curb such practices • [Scope and Applicability] Detailed coverage of the Black Money Acts' applicability to different categories of residents, including those converting from Non-Resident to Ordinarily Resident status, students studying abroad, and employees working abroad temporarily. It emphasizes the ongoing obligations of residents to declare all foreign assets in their income tax returns and the legal implications of non-compliance • [Assessment and Valuation] The book provides an in-depth analysis of the assessment and re-assessment processes for undisclosed foreign income and assets under the Black Money Act, highlighting the absence of a time limitation for such assessments. It details how these assets must be valued at current market prices rather than historical costs, ensuring that assessments reflect their true value • [Penalties and Prosecutions] A comprehensive analysis of the penalties and prosecution provisions, including a detailed commentary on when and how these measures can be invoked. The book addresses significant issues, such as the rationale behind the absence of time bars for assessments and the legal nuances of prosecuting non-compliance • [Critical Legal Issues and Case Law] Given the evolving nature of the Black Money Act, the book critically analyses emerging legal issues, providing the authors' opinions on various unresolved questions. It also reviews relevant case laws that have shaped the interpretation and enforcement of the Act, providing practical insights for legal practitioners • [Valuation Rules] Detailed examination of the valuation rules under the Black Money Act, including guidelines for computing the fair market value of different types of undisclosed foreign assets and the importance of using current market values for assessments • [Judicial Precedence and Evolving Interpretation] The book emphasizes the limited judicial precedence available for the Black Money Act, as it is a relatively new law. It highlights the ongoing evolution of legal interpretations and the authors' role in providing clarity through their expert opinions • [Continuous Amendments and Updates] The book is up-to-date with the latest amendments, including those made by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2024, and reflects recent court decisions from the past year, ensuring readers have access to the most current legal landscape The chapter breakdown of the book is as follows: • Introduction o Overview of the Black Money Act, including its objectives, the rationale behind its enactment, and key features that distinguish it from the Income-tax Act • Applicability & Definitions o Detailed clarification of key terms and the Black Money Acts' applicability as outlined in Sections 1 and 2 • Charge, Scope & Computation o Comprehensive guidelines for calculating undisclosed foreign income and assets under Sections 3, 4, and 5 • Tax Authorities o Analysis of the roles and jurisdictions of tax authorities as per Sections 6 to 9 • Assessment Procedures o Detailed processes for the assessment and re-assessment of undisclosed foreign income and assets under Sections 10 to 14, including significant legal issues • Appeal & Revision o Step-by-step guidance on the appeal and revision mechanisms available under the Black Money Act, covering Sections 15 to 29 • Recovery of Tax & Interest o A thorough understanding of the tax recovery mechanisms, including rules on interest and enforcement actions under Sections 30 to 40 • Penalties o In-depth examination of penalties imposed under Sections 41 to 47, including interpretations and possible defences for non-compliance • Prosecution o Comprehensive coverage of prosecution measures under Sections 48 to 58, detailing conditions under which legal actions can be initiated • Declaration Scheme o A guide to the declaration scheme available under Sections 59 to 72, designed to facilitate compliance for those with undisclosed foreign assets • General Provisions & Valuation Rules o Analysis of the general provisions and valuation rules under Sections 73 to 88, including methodologies for valuing various asset types • Additional Resources o The book includes appendices with relevant forms, CBDT circulars, notifications, and extracts from other related laws
This book is a complete guide to all matters pertaining to the taxation of real estate developers & joint development arrangements from an income tax & accounting perspective. This book addresses the tax issues relating to the following: • Land Owner • Developer • Other Stakeholders, such as Flat Owners or Buyer of Real Estate The Present Publication is the 6th Edition and has been amended by the Finance Act 2023. This book is authored by Dr Raj K. Agarwal & Dr Rakesh Gupta with the following noteworthy features: • [Critical Income Tax Issues] relating to the following are covered: o Determination of the year of transfer of capital asset o Value of sale consideration in the case of joint development of the real estate, particularly when a joint development agreement is drafted in a complex manner • [Analysis of Provisions] o Section 2(47), i.e., the definition of ‘Transfer’ of Capital Asset o Section 45(2), i.e., the Conversion of Capital Assets into Stock-in-trade o Section 50D, i.e., the Fair Market Value deemed to be the Full Value of Consideration o Deeming Provisions of Sections 43CA, 50C, 56(2)(x)(b) & 23(5) o Section 80-IBA, i.e., the granting of deductions to developers for the construction of affordable housing • [Analysis Chargeability of Capital Gains on Transfer of Asset in the hands of Land Owner] under sub-section (5A) to Section 45 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 • [Attraction of Capital Gains Tax Liability] in case of transfer of Agricultural Land • [Analysis of various Judgments of ITAT & High Courts] applicable to the Land Owner and Real Estate Developer in the case of Joint Development of Real Estate • [In-depth Analysis of Guidance Note] on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions (Revised 2012) issued by the ICAI, applicable to Real Estate Developer • [Analysis of Applicability of the Principle of Revenue Recognition] to Real Estate Developer at different points in time • [Analysis of Applicability of Income Recognition] to Real Estate Developer under IFRS & ICDS Regime The detailed contents of the book are as follows: • Joint Development Arrangement for Real Estate • Tax Issues for Real Estate Developers • History of Accounting Standards Applicable to Real Estate Developers • Analysis of Guidance Note on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions (Revised 2012) • Revenue Recognition for Real Estate Developers under IFRS • Impact of Income Computation and Disclosure Standards (ICDS) • Tax Issues for Real Estate Owners • Capital Asset vs Business Asset • Analysis of Provisions of Section 45(2) regarding Conversion of Capital Asset into Stock in Trade • Analysis of Provisions of Section 2(47) • Analysis of Provisions of Section 50D • Analysis of Provision of Section 45(5A) • Taxability of Capital Gain Arising on Transfer of Agriculture Land • Analysis of the Provisions of Section 50C, Section 43CA, Section 56(2)(x)(b) & Section 23(5) • Analysis of Provisions of Section 80-IBA
This book is an authoritative guide that addresses the multifaceted tax and accounting challenges specific to joint development arrangements in the real estate sector. It is helpful for tax professionals, real estate developers, accountants, and legal advisors to understand the complex domain. The Present Publication is the 7th Edition and has been amended by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2024. This book is authored by Dr Raj K. Agarwal & Dr Rakesh Gupta with the following noteworthy features: • [Comprehensive Analysis] This book covers critical aspects such as: o Determination of the year of transfer o Valuation of sale consideration o In-depth interpretations of key provisions like: § Section 2(47) on the definition of 'Transfer' § Section 45(2) on the conversion of capital assets into stock-in-trade § Section 50D on fair market value considerations • [Key Legal Provisions Explained] o Section 45(5A) – This Section, introduced by the Finance Act, 2017, is important for understanding the chargeability of capital gains on asset transfers in joint development scenarios. The book provides a detailed analysis of this provision, including its practical application and the resulting tax implications for landowners o Deeming Provisions [Sections 43CA, 50C, 56(2)(x)(b), and 23(5)] – A thorough analysis of these sections clarifies their impact on property valuation and taxability, especially within the framework of joint development agreements o Section 80-IBA – The book analyses the eligibility criteria, procedural requirements, and strategic considerations for developers seeking deductions for affordable housing projects • [Judicial Insights and Case Law Analysis] An important feature of the book is its detailed review of recent ITAT and High Courts judicial pronouncements, providing insights into how various tax provisions have been interpreted in real estate contexts. This Section guides practitioners through the nuances of legal precedents, highlighting both established interpretations and areas of ongoing controversy • [Accounting Standards and Revenue Recognition] The book dedicates a substantial portion to addressing accounting challenges specific to real estate developers. It provides an in-depth analysis of the Guidance Note on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions (Revised 2012) issued by the ICAI. It discusses the application of revenue recognition principles under both IFRS and ICDS. Key topics include the timing and methods of revenue recognition, valuation of inventory and work-in-progress, and the impact of income computation standards on financial reporting • [Sector-Specific Tax Challenges] Beyond general tax issues, the book discusses sector-specific scenarios such as the taxability of retention money, demolition costs, rental income from stock-in-trade, and the treatment of advances and cancellations in real estate bookings. It provides practical guidance on how to handle these unique situations, supported by relevant case studies and examples • [Practical Tools | Examples | Case Studies] Designed as a hands-on guide, the book includes practical examples, detailed case studies, and real-world scenarios that illustrate the application of complex tax laws and accounting standards. These valuable tools are intended to help professionals implement best practices in structuring joint development agreements and managing tax compliance effectively • [Updated with Latest Amendments and Controversies] Reflecting the most recent changes brought by the Finance (No. 2) Act, 2024, the book includes a focused discussion on contentious issues arising from Section 45(5A) and other key provisions The structure of the book is as follows: • Nature and Structure of Joint Development Arrangements o Explores the various forms of joint development agreements, their structuring, and the significant tax and legal implications for landowners and developers • Methods of Accounting for Real Estate Developers o Discusses the pros and cons of the Completed Contract Method (CCM) and the Percentage of Completion Method (PCM), including judicial perspectives on the appropriateness of each method • Application of Accounting Standards o Provides detailed guidance on the relevant accounting standards, including AS-7 and AS-9, with specific focus on their applicability and compliance requirements for real estate developers • Impact of ICDS and IFRS on Real Estate Transactions o Examines the implications of Income Computation and Disclosure Standards (ICDS) and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the financial and tax reporting of real estate projects • In-depth Analysis of Capital Gains and Other Tax Provisions o Covers the critical tax implications of converting capital assets into business assets, the applicability of Section 50C in property transactions, and strategies for managing capital gains tax liabilities in joint development arrangements • Practical Insights and Case Studies o Real-world case studies and practical insights provide valuable lessons on managing tax liabilities and optimizing accounting practices, making this book a valuable day-to-day reference for professionals
This fiction narrates how the ever slow development of Kadampur, a dusty railway town, which was condemned to remain stagnant, suddenly takes a dive into a cataclysmic event which shook it as nothing did it before. It was the historic wild cat strike by railway workers. Barbarous police torture followed instantly. The Communist Party of India and an ambitious leader emerged out of the ashes of this blast which changed the complexion of this no-hopers' paradise . Kadampur College was the human face of this smoky town. It was a political and cultural barometer of happenings inside the working class zone. This became a platform for mingling of young boys and girls coming from progressive and conservative families which facilitated a new culture. What women could do, if pressed, is incredible. When the information reached them that their menfolk were being mercilessly beaten inside the locked gate of the workshop they could not resist their impulse to rescue them from attackers and rushed to the workshop gate in hundreds with broomsticks and kitchen utensils. They - no Belindas -revealed their ferocity in breaking the gate and fighting the mighty railway armed guards and succeeded in their operation The two protaganists, Harinarayan Mishra and Ratnakar, worked in different fields: Com. Mishra worked among common people, and Ratnakar? Well, he was the moving spirit in the college and a tower of strength to student movements outside.
An essential book to provide a clinical overview of the major areas of ophthalmology in a simplified way making its reader understand the basic concepts of the subject. The book caters to the needs of undergraduate students and covers all the theoretical and practical topics of ophthalmology mapped with latest competency-based MCI curriculum. Theoretical discussions well supplemented with algorithms, tables, along with more than 300 clinical images and illustrations. This book is must for MBBS students, a befitted foundation book for residents in ophthalmology and also a review book for practicing ophthalmologists. Key Highlights Title mapped with the revised competency-based MCI curriculum and written in simple language. Relevant clinical correlations for better student understanding. In-depth explanations of topics like uvea, retina, glaucoma, Ocular Manifestations in Neurological disorders. Concepts made easy and understandable with the help of algorithms. Beautiful illustrations for understanding the concepts and recreating during examinations. Better quality clinical images.
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