Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.0, Technical University of Darmstadt (Fachbereich Geologie), course: Arbeit im Rahmen des MSc TropHEE, language: English, abstract: In the northern german lowlands north west of Bremen and south west of river Weser a factory wants to extract 70 cubic meters of groundwater per hour. They want to pump clean water despite of a landfill as contaminant source south of the well (=upstream of the ground water flow). The well is very close to the western one of two parallel faults within the middle layer, with conductivities between 1 and 1E-9 m/s and is strongly influenced by them. The uppermost layer (= Saale) has the highest conductivity and is therefore most important for the flow regime. A MODFLOW model with 3 layers, given elevations and heads in the river and in the rim of the area was run many times to check if and how the well can can deliver the 70 cubic meters per hour of clean water. Lowering pumping rate, displacement of the well away from the fault, is only sufficient for the case of low conductivity (closed) faults. For open (high conductivity) faults these measures are not sufficient and a cleaning well north of the landfill is necessary. By trying lower and lower pumping rates of the cleaning well the minimum extraction rate for the cleaning well was found.
Master's Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Geology, Mineralogy, Soil Science, grade: 1.0, Technical University of Darmstadt (Fachbereich Geo- und Material-Wissenschaften), course: Abschlussarbeit im MSc TropHEE (tropical Hydro-Geology and Environmental Engineering) in Zusammenarbeit zwischen Geologie und Geodäsie (Bau-Ingenieurwesen), language: English, abstract: An introduction into the theory of software defined receivers and especially in such for detecting GNSS signals, acquiring and tracking GNSS satellites, calculating pseudo ranges, positions, velocity and time (PVT) is presented. Basis of the practical work was the open source project SoftGPS, programmed in Matlab and published by (Borre 2007). The Radio Frequency front end (RF-FE) used in this project was no longer available and was replaced by one with different behavior: NSL Stereo (amplifier, mixer, sampler, and A/D converter in two chains). Adaptations, corrections and extensions to the Matlab code were neces-sary to work with the new front end and to get new functions. With Stereo came also new Matlab- and C/C++ code that did not work properly. Parallel to the projected working environment – Ubuntu 16.04 Linux with Matlab 2016a – also Windows 10-64bit and a Windows XP-64bit beta-software from NSL from January 2013 had to be used due to long delays at NSL to provide updated / working Linux versions: the original software from 2012 for Ubuntu 10 was not working in any newer Linux distribution. Finally a version for Ubuntu 14.04-64bit from Jan 2016 was provided after most of the grabbing of different GNSS-signals was already done. Code of (Borre 2007) and of NSL for Stereo RF-FE were thoroughly analyzed and documented. Besides own descriptions also the M2HTML documentation generator and GraphViz (for generating dependency graphs) were used. The software was also changed and expanded to archive demands for more modularity, performance, quality and functionality (C/No calculation, output of correct velocities in UTM coordinates, statistics about positions and velocities, continuous processing, ...). As code release tool, Git was used for a complete change history and to be able to recover old versions of the code. With the Git-Bash, identical (UNIX-like) behavior was achieved on both Linux and Windows platforms. Git is more modern than the system used in (Borre 2007) and integrated in Matlab. Even with only 4 parallel processes (in a notebook) and a processing conditioned by signal to noise ratios C/No the most time consuming tracking was reduced to about a quarter of the initial processing time.
Project Report from the year 2015 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Geology, Mineralogy, Soil Science, grade: 1.0, Technical University of Darmstadt (Fachbereich Geologie und Materialwissenschaften), course: Water Analysis, language: English, abstract: The Water Analysis exercises (TuCaN 3214) are part of Special Modul SM9 “Hydrogeological Methods” of the MSc TropHEE and scheduled for the 1nd semester but had to be adjourned to the 2nd semester due to capacity bottlenecks in the lab. This course prepares for the HydrogeologicalField Course (TuCaN 3417) scheduled for the 2nd semester. The Water Analysis course contains lectures and a practical part with surface water sampling, measuring water temperature, EC, pH, oxygen concentration and alkalinity in the field as well ion concentrations in the lab with AAS, IC and Photometry. A salt concentration experiment (EC = f(salt concentration)) with 2 different salts and an introduction to chromatography was also part of the exercises. Monday we walked along the stream Darmbach with a water sampling case with multimeter, several electrical probes, plastic bottles, titrator, .... At six stations we took water samples: 2 plastic bottles per station/location - one for anion-analysis and one for cationanalysis (with 1 cubic cm of acid HCl to stabilize the sample against degradation/precipitation before being analyzed in the lab) and measured water parameters like water temperature, EC, pH and oxygen concentration. Alkalinity (HCO3+, CO32+) was measured by titration with 1.6 normal sulfuric acid (H2SO4) until the related indicator changes color (at pH 4.3). One week later we got an introduction to chromatography and conducted an experiment dissolving increasing amounts of 2 salts and measuring the electric conductivity EC of the two solutions. On friday we analyzed our water samples from Darmbach with lab equipment like AAS, IC and Photometry.
Seminar paper from the year 2015 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Miscellaneous, grade: 1.0, Technical University of Darmstadt (Fachbereich Geologie), course: Arbeit im Rahmen des MSc TropHEE, language: English, abstract: In the northern german lowlands north west of Bremen and south west of river Weser a factory wants to extract 70 cubic meters of groundwater per hour. They want to pump clean water despite of a landfill as contaminant source south of the well (=upstream of the ground water flow). The well is very close to the western one of two parallel faults within the middle layer, with conductivities between 1 and 1E-9 m/s and is strongly influenced by them. The uppermost layer (= Saale) has the highest conductivity and is therefore most important for the flow regime. A MODFLOW model with 3 layers, given elevations and heads in the river and in the rim of the area was run many times to check if and how the well can can deliver the 70 cubic meters per hour of clean water. Lowering pumping rate, displacement of the well away from the fault, is only sufficient for the case of low conductivity (closed) faults. For open (high conductivity) faults these measures are not sufficient and a cleaning well north of the landfill is necessary. By trying lower and lower pumping rates of the cleaning well the minimum extraction rate for the cleaning well was found.
Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2016 in the subject Geography / Earth Science - Geology, Mineralogy, Soil Science, grade: 1.0, Technical University of Darmstadt (Fachbereich Geologie und Materialwissenschaften), course: Report über Freilandversuche / field work, language: English, abstract: The Hydrogeological Field Course is part of Special Modul SM9 "Hydrogeological Methods" of the MSc TropHEE and scheduled for the 2nd semester. This block course complements the Water Analysis Course scheduled for the 1st semester. Water Analysis containes lectures and a practical part with (surface) water sampling, measuring water temperature, EC, pH, oxygen concentration and alkalinity in the field as well ion concentrations in the lab. This practical part of course 3214 is documented in another report and deals with water sampling in more detail. The water sampling part of field course 3417 repeats this topic in this report. TropHEE Modul Handbook names as goals of this course: "The students are enabled to apply basic field techniques to characterize groundwater levels, groundwater flow fields, and to characterize aquifers in term of hydraulic properties. Students acquire methodical skills to use standard laboratory equipment to analyse water samples and to evaluate the results. Through the hands-on field and laboratory work they gain soft skills such as organizational skills, team working skills, communication skills, and data presentation skills.
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