At the start of the Spanish Civil War, most young fighter pilot officers joined the rebels, while the high ranking officers, grupo or escuadrilla commanders, and the NCOs, sergeants and corporals remained loyal to the government. Mostly flying the obsolete Nieuport Ni.52s these loyalists were soon outpaced by the more modern Fiat CR.32s and Heinkel He 51s. However, at this early stage of the war, there were several Republican airmen who became aces and famous in the process, despite the small numbers of enemy aircraft shot down. Widely speaking, the Republican military aviation did not keep an exhaustive record of individual shooting claims. However, sufficient documentation exists to make a reasonable assumption as to which pilots fall into the ace category. This volume details the exploits of those pilots, complementing previous works in the Osprey Aircraft of the Aces series on Nationalist CR.32 Aces and Polikarpov I-15, I-16 and I-152 Aces.
Race and Nation in Puerto Rican Folklore: Franz Boas and John Alden Mason in Porto Rico, 1915 explores the founding father of American anthropology's historic trip to Puerto Rico in 1915. As a component of the Scientific Survey of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Boas intended to perform field research in the areas of anthropology and ethnography there while other scientists explored the island's natural resources. Native Puerto Rican cultural practices were also heavily explored through documentation of the island's oral folklore. A young anthropologist working under Boas, John Alden Mason, rescued hundreds of oral folklore samples, ranging from popular songs, poetry, conundrums, sayings, and, most particularly, folktales. Through extensive excursions, Mason came in touch with the rural practices of Puerto Rican peasants, the J baros, who served as both his cultural informants and writers of the folklore samples. These stories, many of which are still part of the island's literary traditions, reflect a strong Puerto Rican identity coalescing in the face of the U.S. political intervention on the island. A fascinating slice of Puerto Rican history and culture sure to delight any reader
Making Los Angeles Home examines the different integration strategies implemented by Mexican immigrants in the Los Angeles region. Relying on statistical data and ethnographic information, the authors analyze four different dimensions of the immigrant integration process (economic, social, cultural, and political) and show that there is no single path for its achievement, but instead an array of strategies that yield different results. However, their analysis also shows that immigrants' successful integration essentially depends upon their legal status and long residence in the region. The book shows that, despite this finding, immigrants nevertheless decide to settle in Los Angeles, the place where they have made their homes.
The relations between rich and poor, between rulers and ruled, between employers and employed, in Spain are peculiar and not easy to understand. The immediate dependents of a well-to-do family are allowed a freedom of manner and intercourse which is incomprehensible to English exclusiveness, and a sense of responsibility for their dependents, and especially for those who have rendered long domestic service, is almost universal among employers. Thus there is hardly a family of means that does not, as a matter of course, support for the rest of their lives one or more of the wet-nurses who brought up the children; and during the famine in Andalusia a few years ago, most, if not all, of the landowners continued to pay, to the limit of their means, the wages of their permanent labourers, although owing to the drought no field work could be done for months. But with all this very real generosity towards those with whom they are brought in contact, the rich have no corporate or class sense of responsibility for the working classes, and make no effort to understand or provide for their needs as a whole. Spaniards are liberal in alms-giving, and every good Catholic gives doles on one day of the week to his or her regular pensioners; but there is no public provision for the destitute, and it is not in the least realised that an organised system of poor relief would be less costly, and certainly far less demoralising, than the haphazard distribution of pence to all and sundry. It is true that in some towns benevolent societies are carrying on good work according to their means, but these, consisting only of voluntary gifts, are not sufficient to do more than touch the fringe of the poverty produced by the conditions of the country. The original causes of this combination of an almost patriarchal relation between the master and his immediate dependents, and complete ignorance of and indifference to the lot of those outside of the home or estate, lie deep, and must be sought in the relations between Christians and Moslems when the Castilians re-conquered Spain. It must be remembered that the Arabs had brought agriculture and many industries to a high state of perfection, and after the conquest they continued to cultivate the land and work at their manufactures for the benefit of their conquerors. Thus for some hundreds of years the dominant was living with the subject race, and the conquerors would feel for the conquered the contempt of the fighting man for the labourer, of the Western for the Oriental, of the victor for the vanquished, and of the Christian for the infidel. It is easy to see that when the mass of the industrial population was of alien race, any idea of responsibility on the part of the employers for the employed as a class would be unlikely to arise, while on the other hand the personal relation between master and servant would become intimate, as it did in the Southern States of America in the slave-holding days, and as it is in the East to-day. This accounts for the relation between rich and poor already remarked on: liberal protection of immediate dependents, coupled with indifference to the general welfare of the working classes. The tradition, handed down from the time when the bulk of the proletariat were aliens, has persisted for two hundred years after the last of the Moslem inhabitants was expelled.
The politics of slavery and slave trade in nineteenth-century Cuba and Brazil is the subject of this acclaimed study, first published in Brazil in 2010 and now available for the first time in English. Cubans and Brazilians were geographically separate from each other, but they faced common global challenges that unified the way they re-created their slave systems between 1790 and 1850 on a basis completely departed from centuries-old colonial slavery. Here the authors examine the early arguments and strategies in favor of slavery and the slave trade and show how they were affected by the expansion of the global market for tropical goods, the American Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, the collapse of Iberian monarchies, British abolitionism, and the international pressure opposing the transatlantic slave trade. This comprehensive survey contributes to the comparative history of slavery, placing the subject in a global context rather than simply comparing the two societies as isolated units.
This book contains the whole text of an Inquisition trial of a Morisco (converted Muslim) of Toledo, Spain, condemned to burn at the stake. It is preceded by an introduction which studies the trial and shows the multifaceted aspects of the text and its protagonists.
This is the first comprehensive history of the culturally diverse city, and the first to be co-authored by a Cuban and an American. Beginning with the founding of Havana in 1519, Cluster and Hernández explore the making of the city and its people through revolutions, art, economic development and the interplay of diverse societies. The authors bring together conflicting images of a city that melds cultures and influences to create an identity that is distinctly Cuban.
This book uses numismatic and archaeological evidence to offer a new interpretation of the Argimundus rebellion, one of the most difficult challenges of Reccared’s reign.
Exam Board: MYP Level: IB Subject: English First Teaching: September 2016 First Exam: June 2017 Develop your skills to become an inquiring learner; ensure you navigate the MYP framework with confidence using a concept-driven and assessment-focused approach presented in global contexts. - Develop conceptual understanding with key MYP concepts and related concepts at the heart of each chapter. - Learn by asking questions with a statement of inquiry in each chapter. - Prepare for every aspect of assessment using support and tasks designed by experienced educators. - Understand how to extend your learning through research projects and interdisciplinary opportunities.
Exam Board: IB Level: MYP Subject: Spanish First Teaching: September 2016 First Exam: June 2017 Has been updated for the revised curriculum from September 2020 Develop your skills to become an inquiring learner; ensure you navigate the MYP framework with confidence using a concept-driven and assessment-focused approach to Spanish, presented in global contexts. - Develop conceptual understanding with key MYP concepts and related concepts at the heart of each chapter. - Learn by asking questions for a statement of inquiry in each chapter. - Prepare for every aspect of assessment using support and tasks designed by experienced educators. - Understand how to extend your learning through research projects and interdisciplinary opportunities. - Think internationally with chapters and concepts set in global contexts.
Good Use of Time gathers together wisdom of the ages that will help you appreciate and wisely administer the limited amount of time at your disposal. Before one can benefit from calendars, to-do lists, and organizational tactics, one needs to understand some important principles related to time and its proper use. These principles are summarized in traditional sayings like: He has more who needs less Urgent things can wait Make haste slowly Put your heart into what you are doing By meditating on the lessons found in this little book, you will learn to treasure every moment of your life as an opportunity to serve God and others. Each order include three (3) books. So you can keep one, and have two to give to friends.
Covering the full spectrum of clinical issues and options in anesthesiology, Barash, Cullen, and Stoelting’s Clinical Anesthesia, Ninth Edition, edited by Drs. Bruce F. Cullen, M. Christine Stock, Rafael Ortega, Sam R. Sharar, Natalie F. Holt, Christopher W. Connor, and Naveen Nathan, provides insightful coverage of pharmacology, physiology, co-existing diseases, and surgical procedures. This award-winning text delivers state-of-the-art content unparalleled in clarity and depth of coverage that equip you to effectively apply today’s standards of care and make optimal clinical decisions on behalf of your patients.
The analysis of speech of people with Parkinson's disease is an interesting and highly relevant topic that has attracted the research community during several years. The advances in digital signal processing and pattern recognition have motivated the research community to work on the development of computational tools to perform automatic analysis of speech. Most of the contributions on this topic are focused on sustained phonation of vowels and only consider recordings of one language. This thesis addresses two problems considering recordings of sustained phonations of vowels and continuous speech signals: (1) the automatic classification of Parkinson's patients vs. healthy speakers, and (2) the prediction of the neurological state of the patients according to the motor section of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). Recordings of three languages are considered: Spanish, German, and Czech. German and Czech data were provided by other researchers, and Spanish data were recorded in Medellin, Colombia, during the development of this work. Besides the classical approaches to assess pathological speech, a new method to model articulation deficits of Parkinson's patients is proposed. This new articulation modeling approach shows to be more accurate and robust than others to discriminate between Parkinson's patients and healthy speakers in the three considered languages.
Biomedical scientists are the most likely health care professionals to actually move to an English-speaking country to continue professional training and career-development. This book should help to apply for jobs, write résumés, face job interviews and settle into a new working environment in English. The practical approach of the units will boost the readers' self-confidence in their own English-capabilities. This book should help reducing the anticipated stress of having to learn important matters directly "on the job", and secure more efficient and productive communication from the start.
Amb els mapes, a més de ciència, es fa política. El 1939 els catalans algueresos, i altres pobles d'Itàlia, foren eliminats d'un mapa etnogràfic de tot Europa elaborat a Milà pel Touring Club Italiano. Les minories en qüestió hi havien figurat des de 1927, però finalment els mussolinians van imposar sobre aquella obra els postulats feixistes més extrems. Aquest llibre, bastit sobre mapes «de pobles i llengües» dels segles XIX i XX, es deté en la confluència de les disciplines cartogràfica, etnològica i lingüística, les conviccions ideològiques i l'exercici del poder polític. L'obra, que ha estat mereixedora del Premi Joan Coromines 2013 d'investigació filològica, històrica o cultural, patrocinat per la Societat Coral «El Micalet», reflexiona sobre les visions exògenes d'unes identitats socioterritorials que continuen concitant estudis i pulsions.
El Aire que respiro entrega una visión global sobre esta importante temática, mostrando perspectivas que permiten comprender más profunda y globalmente la enseñanza teórica y vital sobre la fe práctica en la divina Providencia según el pensamiento del P. Kentenich. Editorial Patris nació en 1982, hace 25 años. A lo largo de este tiempo ha publicado más de dos centenares de libros. Su línea editorial contempla todo lo relacionado con el desarrollo integral de la persona y la plasmación de una cultura marcada por la dignidad del hombre y los valores del Evangelio. Gran parte de sus publicaciones proceden del P. José Kentenich, fundador del Movimiento de Schoenstatt o de autores inspirados en su pensamiento. Por cierto, también cuenta con publicaciones de otros autores que han encontrado acogida en esta Editorial. De esta forma Editorial Patris no sólo ha querido poner a disposición de los miembros de la Obra de Schoenstatt un valioso aporte, sino que, al mismo tiempo, ha querido entregar a la Iglesia y a todos aquellos que buscan la verdad, una orientación válida en medio del cambio de época que vive la sociedad actual.
Since its inception in the 1960s to the regional negotiations in the 1990s and onwards, Central American integration has been a process characterized by both dramatic advances and setbacks. This book provides a theoretical explanation of this ebb and flow, examining different stages including the military conflicts of the 1980s, the subsequent Esquipulas peace process, and the relaunch of integration during the 1990s under the System of Central American Integration (SICA). Sánchez Sánchez's analysis focuses on the policies and preferences of the larger states of the region, Costa Rica, El Salvador and Guatemala, and argues that integration relies on intergovernmental bargaining. Interviews, historical and comparative data are presented in a format invaluable for students and teachers concerned with comparative regional integration, as well as for those seeking a greater understanding of contemporary Central American regional and international politics and development.
Con este título iniciamos la Colección de textos de Mariología Kentenijiana, la que abordará y profundizará aspectos centrales del marianismo del P. José Kentenich, fundador del Movimiento de Schoenstatt. Este primer libro se centra en la experiencia mariana del Padre Kentenich, desde su niñez hasta sus últimos días. Editorial Patris nació en 1982, hace 25 años. A lo largo de este tiempo ha publicado más de dos centenares de libros. Su línea editorial contempla todo lo relacionado con el desarrollo integral de la persona y la plasmación de una cultura marcada por la dignidad del hombre y los valores del Evangelio. Gran parte de sus publicaciones proceden del P. José Kentenich, fundador del Movimiento de Schoenstatt o de autores inspirados en su pensamiento. Por cierto, también cuenta con publicaciones de otros autores que han encontrado acogida en esta Editorial. De esta forma Editorial Patris no sólo ha querido poner a disposición de los miembros de la Obra de Schoenstatt un valioso aporte, sino que, al mismo tiempo, ha querido entregar a la Iglesia y a todos aquellos que buscan la verdad, una orientación válida en medio del cambio de época que vive la sociedad actual.
Depende de Ti, de ti depende trata, con un ejemplo concreto, de la relación del ser humano con Dios. Un padre de familia, en duras circunstancias de la vida, se dirige a Dios Padre escribiendo las oraciones. Le expone problemas humanos, también los suyos propios, perplejo por las cambiantes circunstancias de su vida. Y Dios Padre responde. Es un libro sobre la fe, la oración y la libertad. Al Depende de Ti la respuesta, de forma atractiva y sugerente es: también de ti depende.
Actualmente, hay varias de estas calaveras exhibiéndose en las vitrinas de distintos museos del mundo, y ya han sido descubiertas por lo menos ocho de las trece. Están en distintas manos y cada una de ellas ha sido bautizada con un nombre propio, según la especialista en la materia, Ellie Crystal. El misterio de las calaveras es enriquecido también por una leyenda que se remontaría a los mayas.
MUDÉJAR ART: Islamic Aesthetics in Christian Art reveals the fascinating exuberance of a unique cultural and artistic symbiosis that characterises Christian Spain after the Reconquista. The Mudéjars were Muslims allowed to stay in the reconquered territories. Their artists and artisans strongly influenced the culture and art of the new Christian kingdoms. In Aragon, Castille, Extremadura and Andalucía sumptuously decorated brick churches, monasteries and palaces illustrate perfectly the creative endurance of Islamic forms in Christian art between the 11th and 16th centuries in Spain. Thirteen Itineraries invite you to discover 124 museums, monuments and sites in Madrid, Guadalajara, Saragossa, Tordesillas, Toledo, Guadalupe and Seville (among others). With Index of Locations.
This book offers a systemic-functional account of Spanish, and analyses how Spanish grammatical forms compare and contrast with those of English. The authors analyse Spanish according to the three main 'metafunctions': ideational, interpersonal, and textual. The result is a comprehensive examination of Spanish grammar from the clause upwards. Presupposing little or no knowledge of Spanish, this book will be of interest to researchers in Spanish language, systemic functional linguistics or contrastive linguistics.
Based on author's doctoral dissertation, work reconstructs and analyzes the making of the financial empire of the conquerer of Peru and his brothers. Painstaking study examines and elucidates multiple aspects of both the economic and sociopolitical history of the Perus and Spain in the 16th century"--Handbook of Latin American Studies, v. 58.
High in the serene mountains of Catalonia, in an abbey where music is both the practice of art and prayer, a young brother produces a miracle that ignites the fiery wrath of assassins hidden under the guise of the Holy Inquisition. In the labyrinths of his memory palace, fractured by amnesia, young Samuel reconnects with his mysterious past that is manifested through music. The accusations of creating a miracle arouses assassins forcing him to flee the quiet mountains of Catalonia. He sets off on a journey through time and space with Adrie, the girl who understands the power of music, and they travel across the globe to fulfill a promise to his murdered parents that could ultimately change the balance of power.
This volume tells the story of the South Americans and their history through a survey of their food culture. Food in the various countries differs in some ways because of cultural heritage, cooking techniques, and geography, here divided into four zones. The traditions of the primary groups—Indians, Europeans, and Africans—and their five centuries of mixing have still resulted in a stable food culture. The foods of the Indians before European contact still play an important role, along with other foods brought by successive immigrant groups. Europeans tried to establish their staples, wheat and wine, with little success. Many dishes, cooking methods, and food habits have survived with little modification since time immemorial. Students and other readers will learn much about the South American foodways in daily life today, with special attention paid to historical perspective and any rural and urban differences. For example, in all the major cultural groups, food preparation and cooking have always been women's work, with the exception of the meat roast (asado) by llaneros and gauchos. The rise of the cooking profession is discussed as well. A fascinating look at the daily meal schedule includes insight in to how the European conquerors imposed their eating habits and encouraged overeating, with the abundance found in the New World. Modern life is shown to affect where people eat, as buying meals, often from street vendors, during the workday has become more of a necessity. The survey includes a discussion of special occasions, including agricultural celebrations and Catholic feasts with indigenous elements. The overview is completed by a chapter on diet and health, covering such topics as botanical knowledge and science and an assessment of the nutritional value of the South American staples. Classic recipes from many of the countries and illustrations complement the narrative.
Más allá del fi nal es un libro de fábulas y aventuras, donde el personaje principal se marcha en un viaje para ayudar a una familia a buscar la cura para su hijo menor. Muchas cosas se presentan en el camino, pero él, que es de una fe inquebrantable, va sorteando todos los obstáculos que se encuentra a su paso. El sacrifi cio es inmenso, durmiendo a la intemperie por largos días y algunas veces pasando hambre por la escasez de alimentos. Este hombre no solo es el guía espiritual del grupo, sino también el responsable de guiarlos hasta la ciudad que han elegido para llevar el enfermo a curar. Después de caminar varios días llegan al primer poblado, donde conocen a un personaje muy pintoresco que se une al trío para ir en su ayuda. Así se va desarrollando el drama de esta peripecia que los llevará de la mano por todo el viaje, disfrutando del paisaje, que es descrito de forma grata y conociendo a los personajes que se van sumando a esta aventura que usted se deleitará hasta el fi nal.
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