Historically, Spain has often been represented as a financial failure, a state limited by its absolutist monarchy and doomed to fiscal and financial failure without hope of lasting growth. The collapse of the Spanish state at the beginning of the nineteenth century would seem to bear out this view of the limitations of Spain's absolutist state, and this historical school of thought presents the eighteenth century as the last episode in a long history of decline that is directly linked to the failure of the sixteenth-century Spanish imperial absolutist monarchy. This study provides a different perspective, suggesting that in fact during the eighteenth century, Spain's fiscal-military state was reconstructed and grew. It shows how the development of the Spanish fiscal-military state was based on different growth factors to those of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries; and that with this change, most of the state's structure and its relationship with élites and taxpayers altered irrevocably. In the ceaseless search for solutions, the Spanish state applied a wide range of financial and fiscal policies to expand its empire. The research in this book is inspired by current historical discussions, and provides a new perspective on the historical debate that often compares English 'success' with continental 'failure'.
The account of Fidel Castro's rise to power is not complete without mention of the failed atacks of July 26, 1953, on the Cuban army garrisons at Moncada and Bayamo. This text views this initial overthrow attempt as a propaganda victory that marked the start of Castro's ascent to national power.
This book contains the whole text of an Inquisition trial of a Morisco (converted Muslim) of Toledo, Spain, condemned to burn at the stake. It is preceded by an introduction which studies the trial and shows the multifaceted aspects of the text and its protagonists.
Military Entrepreneurs and the Spanish Contractor State in the Eighteenth Century offers a new approach to the relationship between warfare and state construction. Historians looking at how war funding impinged on state development, and how state growth made wars more significant, have tended to downplay the role of military-provisioning entrepreneurs. Written off as corrupt and selfish, these entrepreneurs jarred with the received view of a rationally growing and modernising state. This volume shows that the state-entrepreneur relationship was much more fluid and constant than previously thought. The state was not able to enforce a top-down military supply policy; at the same time it benefited from the entrepreneurs' collaboration and their shared mercantilist ambitions. The entrepreneurs' mobilisation of military supplies was crucial for extending state authority and helped to knit together national and colonial markets. But this fluid state-entrepreneur relationship gradually became shrouded in privileges and monopolies, not so much ideology driven or imposed by the entrepreneurs but rather as an arrangement exploited by the state to boost its control over them, whittling down middlemen and ensuring the solvency and creditworthiness of the chosen few. This arrangement spiralled into a risky inter-dependence and cramped entrepreneurial competition. Rafael Torres Sánchez furnishes new insights into the role of military entrepreneurs in debates about warfare and state construction.
This book uses numismatic and archaeological evidence to offer a new interpretation of the Argimundus rebellion, one of the most difficult challenges of Reccared’s reign.
Actualmente, hay varias de estas calaveras exhibiéndose en las vitrinas de distintos museos del mundo, y ya han sido descubiertas por lo menos ocho de las trece. Están en distintas manos y cada una de ellas ha sido bautizada con un nombre propio, según la especialista en la materia, Ellie Crystal. El misterio de las calaveras es enriquecido también por una leyenda que se remontaría a los mayas.
The only book of its kind in the English language, this is the first volume of the Oxford Commentaries on the State Constitutions of the United States to explore the constitution of a U.S. territory: Puerto Rico. The first half of the volume unearths the island's constitutional history from the days of Spanish colonization in the 16th century, through to Congress' enactment in 2016 of the Puerto Rico Oversight, Management and Economic Stability Act (PROMESA). Professor Cox Alomar offers a careful analysis of the most recent decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court implicating Puerto Rico, Sánchez Valle (2016), Franklin Trust (2016), Aurelius (2020) and Vaello Madero (2022). The second half of this volume provides an in-depth analysis of each of the provisions incorporated by the Puerto Rican framers to the 1952 Constitution, still in full force today. Commentary is provided on each of these constitutional provisions in light of the most recent decisions of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court. The volume examines the interaction between the Puerto Rico Supreme Court and the U.S. Supreme Court, as well as the complex relationship between Puerto Rico and the political branches in Washington. This book is a timely companion in one of the more complex, yet transformative periods in Puerto Rico's constitutional life.
Preface / Ricardo Montalbán -- Silence is golden: The beginning of the motion picture industry and an international visual language is created -- The Latin lover: the creation of an image -- It talks!: a little known chapter on the success of Hollywood Spanish-language films -- Alla en el rancho grande: the era of the "shoot-em-ups" westerns: the film is only as good as its villain is bad -- The Hispanic Hollywood hall of fame: brilliant stars who shot across the silver screen burning an everlasting image in our hearts -- Hollywood today and tomorrow: The "gold rush" continues
Historias de developers contiene 26 capítulos de experiencias de developers que pueden ser muy útiles para los miembros de este colectivo, pero también para sus jefes, ya que se habla de temas como arquitectura, gestión del código, seguridad, testeo, depuración, motivación, comunicación, ... En resumen, muchas de las cosas que querrías saber cómo hacen otros developers.
Six distinct and different voices go together to make Caboodle: six short poetry collections gathered in one volume. Each stands in its own right, each with something to say. Some whisper, some song, some shout -- but they all come together to challenge, engage and entertain. Karina Vidler, Gill McEvoy, Russell Jones, Kate Garrett, Angela Croft and Rafael Miguel Montes have created a powerful body of work for both avid and occasional readers of great poetry.
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