This chapter covers the field of semiconductor photonic integrated circuits (PIC) used in access, metro, long-haul, and undersea telecommunication networks. Although there are many variants to implementing optical integration; the focus is on monolithic integration where multiple semiconductor devices, up to many hundreds in some cases, are integrated onto the same substrate. Monolithic integration poses the greatest technical challenge and the biggest opportunity for bandwidth and size scaling. The PICs discussed here are based on the two most popular semiconductor material systems: Groups III–V indium phosphide-based devices and Group IV silicon-based devices. The chapter also covers the historical evolution of the technology from the decades old original proposal to the current day terabit/s class, coherent PICs.
Bayesian Networks in R with Applications in Systems Biology is unique as it introduces the reader to the essential concepts in Bayesian network modeling and inference in conjunction with examples in the open-source statistical environment R. The level of sophistication is also gradually increased across the chapters with exercises and solutions for enhanced understanding for hands-on experimentation of the theory and concepts. The application focuses on systems biology with emphasis on modeling pathways and signaling mechanisms from high-throughput molecular data. Bayesian networks have proven to be especially useful abstractions in this regard. Their usefulness is especially exemplified by their ability to discover new associations in addition to validating known ones across the molecules of interest. It is also expected that the prevalence of publicly available high-throughput biological data sets may encourage the audience to explore investigating novel paradigms using the approaches presented in the book.
Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) is a versatile and multipurpose tropical tree species used as a fruit, seed and fuel wood; it is grown in various topo-edaphic conditions. The tree widely grows along road sides, with extensive cultivation by farmers and forest departments. Tamarind is utilized as food additives especially in south India; it is predominantly grown in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Maharashtra, Bihar and Chhattisgarh. Tamil Nadu stands highest in the fruit production in India, with well established processing and marketing channels. The present book enlightens the production, processing, value addition, by-product development and marketing of tamarind. The objective of the book is to create awareness about the different products developed through tamarind pulp and seeds. The information detailed in the book will serve as a reference material for students, researchers, traders and farmers.
The stories in The Big Book of World Mythology will take you on a magical journey across the rainbow, chasing fairies, fighting serpents, riding dragons and reaching for the sun. These tales from the Americas, Asia, Europe, Egypt, Africa and Oceania will introduce you to Great Spirits, shape-shifting trickster heroes, monsters, giants and wicked witches and a beautiful girl who may suddenly turn into a river or a tree, a seal or even just an echo! Go an adventure with monkey, spider and serpent gods who make you laugh and learn life’s small and great lessons. Beautifully illustrated, this book offers young readers one of the accessible guides to the world’s imagination!
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