The book makes a modest attempt to highlight the major achievements. The first chapter highlights the status of plant pathology in India before 1905 and sets the stage for an overview of the developments made in the last 100 years. Chapters on significant achievements and current status of knowledge has been contributed by leading experts on mycology, bacteriology, virology and nematology, and also on epidemiological research, fungicide research, biological control, host plant resistance against pathogens and on the application of biotechnological approaches for management of plant diseases. This covered the major broad areas of research in plant pathology. Besides, non conventional chapters encompassing the areas of international co-operation, policy issues and uncommon opportunities are also included along with the role of professional societies of plant pathology in India. Though the volume by no way is a complete account of the vast ocean of information available on various aspects of the subject, it is anticipated that the diverse areas covered in this volume will serve as a roadmap for the younger generation of plant pathologists and policy makers alike who have greater challenges ahead to resolve the pathological problems for augmenting production, ensuring bio-security and facilitating trade in under the changing global trade regime.
The dynamical properties of solids have recently attracted renewed interest in connection with the increasing understanding of phase transitions and re lated phenomena. In particular, soft modes or, more generally, phonon 'anom alies' seem to play an important role in structural and electronic phase tran sitions, such as ferroelectric or superconducting transitions. The understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of unusually low frequencies in phonon spectra requires a detailed analysis of the microscopic forces governing the lattice vibrations. Of particular importance is the influence of the electron lattice interaction in the adiabatic approximation which in many cases is the origin of peculiarities in the phonon self-energy. In this work the vibrational spectra of pure non-metals and of those con taining point defects are investigated. ' In these materials the interrelation be tween the pseudo-harmonic forces (determining the phonon dispersion re lations) and the non-linear anharmonic and electron-phonon forces (as they act in infrared and Raman spectra) is most obvious and can be quantitatively analysed in terms of appropriate models. The main task is to arrive at a physically correct treatment of electronic degrees of freedom, as for example in an electronic 'shell' model, which leads to the description of phonon spectra in terms of long-range polarizabilities and short-range deformabilities. The pur pose of our review is to stimulate further investigations which, we hope, will result in explicit relations between the parameters of the semi-microscopic models and the matrix elements from the electronic band structure.
Vast knowledge has been developed in the area of tunnelling in weak rocks over the years, and this book bridges an important gap by bringing all the information together for the benefit of the tunnelling Industry. In particular, tunnelling in poor conditions is a huge challenge for engineers and designers, and this book tackles all typical problems headon. Topics covered include classification approach, design approaches for site-specific grounds, a new invention on shielded tunnel boring machine, case histories, tunnel mechanics, risk engineering and management culture. - Based on extensive field research experiences in Himalayan region and Alps - Exclusive chapters on tunnelling hazards, squeezing ground conditions (a full detailed case study), swelling ground conditions, critical state rock mechanics, etc. - Supported by over 180 figures and 90 tables of data, and test examples (with solutions)
This book serves as a single-source reference to sinusoidal oscillators and waveform generators, using classical as well as a variety of modern electronic circuit building blocks. It provides a state-of-the-art review of a large variety of sinusoidal oscillators and waveform generators and includes a catalogue of over 600 configurations of oscillators and waveform generators, describing their relevant design details and salient performance features/limitations. The authors discuss a number of interesting, open research problems and include a comprehensive collection of over 1500 references on oscillators and non-sinusoidal waveform generators/relaxation oscillators. Offers readers a single-source reference to everything connected to sinusoidal oscillators and waveform generators, using classical as well as modern electronic circuit building blocks; Provides a state-of-the-art review of a large variety of sinusoidal oscillators and waveform generators; Includes a catalog of over 600 configurations of oscillators and waveform generators, with their relevant design details and their salient performance features/limitations.
Invasive alien species are a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystems throughout the world. In India, a country with three of the world's most important 'biodiversity hotspots', the invasion of alien plants means risking a national ecological disaster with major social and economic consequences. Currently there is insufficient information about invasive alien plants; their distribution, rate of spread and adaptability to new environments. This book reveals existing and potential invaders, evaluates the level of risk they pose to native species and suggests steps to manage spread and limit d.
1. Income Tax : An Introduction, 2. Important Definitions, 3. Assessment on Agricultural Income, 4. Exempted Incomes, 5. Residence and Tax Liability, 6. Income from Salaries, 7. Income from Salaries (Retirement and Retrenchment), 8. Income from House Property, 9. Depreciation, 10 . Profits and Gains of Business or Profession, 11. Capital Gains, 12. Income from Other Sources, 13. Income Tax Authorities, 14. Clubbing of Income and Aggregation of Income, 15. Set-off and Carry Forward of Losses, 16. Deductions from Gross Total Income, 17. Assessment of Individuals (Computation of Total Income), 18. Computation of Tax Liability of Individuals, 19. Deduction of Tax at Source, 20. Procedure of Assessment, 21. Penalties, Offences and Prosecutions, 22. Appeal and Revision, 23. Tax-Planning, 24. Recovery and Refund of Tax, 25. Advance Payment of Tax. Provisions and Procedure of the Filing the Return of Income and e-Filing of Income Tax and TDS Returns, Rebate and Relief in Tax Examination Papers SYLLABUS Unit-I : General Introduction of Indian Income Tax Act, 1961, Basic Concepts : Income, Agriculture Income, Casual Income, Previous Year, Assessment Year, Gross Total Income, Total Income, Person Assessee, Residetial Status and Tax Liability, Exempted Income Unit-II : Income from salary, Income from house property. Unit-III : Income from Business and Profession, Capital Gains, Income from other sources. Unit-IV : Set off and Carry forward of Losses, Deductions from Gross total Income, Clubbing of Income, Computation of Total Income and Tax Liability of an individual. Unit-V : Assessment Procedure, Tax deducted at source, Advance Payment of Tax, Income Tax Authorities, Appeal, Revision and Penalties.
The present book examines the impact of Financial Reforms on the working of banking sector in general and Public Sector Banks in particular. In addition to assess multi-dimensional trend of banking sector, it examines the impact of Deregulation Policies on the Management of bank s resources. The book identifies many critical issues like determinants of Non-performing Assets, Profitability productivity of banks, mismatch of assets and liabilities and services rendered by banks particularly in the backward regions. The treatise embodies in it inter-intra banks and inter-intra regional, districts level variations. To encounter the objectives, appropriate hypothesis have been framed, statistical and financial techniques have been used to testify, the nature and problems of Public Sector vis-à-vis Private Sector and foreign banks. This book runs into ten chapters encompassing into different aspects of bank s performances with critical assessment in the context of reform package. The book will meet the growing interest of students, researchers, scholars, policymakers and general readers. It may be used as textbook for B.Com, B.B.A., M.B.A.; M.F.M. and M.A. (Eco.), M.Sc. (Eco.) courses.
This book presents a comprehensive account of upland rice cultivation in different states of India. Upland rice system is considered as most diverse of all rice systems and each states of the country grow different varieties under a range of management conditions and cropping patterns. The 23 chapters in the book consolidate and share the knowledge on rainfed upland rice cultivation practiced in different states. It analyzes the upland rice agro-ecosystem in different states and encompasses various aspects of integrated nutrient management, pest management, varieties available and newer technologies introduced for adoption by farmers to improve the productivity of this fragile ecosystem.
Offers exposition of the classification of underground space, important considerations such as geological and engineering and underground planning. This title includes chapters concerning applications for underground water storage, underground car parks, underground metros and road tunnels and underground storage of crude oil, lpg and natural gas.
Tea is a popular non-alcoholic beverage that maintains exclusivity as well as mass appeal for respite and relaxation. Tea is fast gaining importance for its health benefits as a nutraceutical. In addition to its global end-use, tea plantations as a whole are undergoing a transition towards mechanization, and agro-technolotgies for farm mechanization have been rationalized. With the advent of biotechnological approaches, management of genetic resources and plant improvement are evolving, both for improving productivity and quality under normal and stress environments. Tea manufacture is also undergoing process of transformation due to the advent of new machines with precise and controlled steps of manufacture. Pre-withering machine is a disruptive concept in tea processing and is highlighted in this book. Various diversified health care products e.g. theaflavins, polyphenols, theanines decaffeinated tea etc. are getting place in the market. Fast teas viz., Ready-to-Drink teas, tea concentrates, instant tea, tea based juices and tea wines are in queue for impacting the markets. In this book, effort has been made to bring together the latest advances on aspects of tea husbandry, physiology, biochemistry, manufacture and biotechnology to give a one stop exposition of status on Tea Technology to the reader.
Prepare for success in competitive exams with "General Knowledge 2020-Competitive Exam Book 2021" by R.K. Saxena, your comprehensive guide to mastering the essential knowledge needed to excel in a variety of competitive tests. With this invaluable resource, you'll gain a solid understanding of key concepts, facts, and current affairs across various subjects. Delve into a wealth of information curated by R.K. Saxena, a renowned expert in competitive exam preparation. This book covers a wide range of topics, including history, geography, science, current affairs, and more, ensuring that you're well-equipped to tackle any question that comes your way. As you dive into the pages of "General Knowledge 2020-Competitive Exam Book 2021," you'll find comprehensive coverage of important events, developments, and discoveries from around the world. Saxena's clear and concise explanations make complex subjects easy to understand, allowing you to build a strong foundation of knowledge and confidence. With its emphasis on relevance and up-to-date information, "General Knowledge 2020-Competitive Exam Book 2021" ensures that you're well-prepared to tackle the latest trends and topics that may appear on competitive exams. Saxena's meticulous attention to detail and thorough research make this book an indispensable resource for aspiring test-takers. Since its publication, "General Knowledge 2020-Competitive Exam Book 2021" has garnered praise for its comprehensive coverage, accuracy, and user-friendly format. Saxena's expertise and commitment to excellence shine through in every chapter, making this book a trusted companion for students and professionals alike. Whether you're preparing for entrance exams, job interviews, or competitive assessments, "General Knowledge 2020-Competitive Exam Book 2021" provides the tools and resources you need to succeed. With Saxena as your guide, you'll feel confident and well-prepared to tackle any challenge that comes your way. In conclusion, "General Knowledge 2020-Competitive Exam Book 2021" is more than just a study guide—it's your passport to success in competitive exams. Don't miss this opportunity to enhance your knowledge, boost your confidence, and achieve your academic and professional goals. Order your copy of "General Knowledge 2020-Competitive Exam Book 2021" by R.K. Saxena today and take the first step towards acing your next competitive exam!
Contents: Conceptual Analysis of Values, Socio-Cultural and Psychological Bases of Value Development, Review of the Literature, Context of the Study, Design of the Study, Analysis and Interpretation of Data, Summary and Conclusions.
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