The smallpox epidemic of 1837-1838 forever changed the tribes of the Northern Plains.a Before it ran out of human fuel, the disease claimed 20,000 souls.a R.G. Robertson tells the story of this deadly virus with modern implications.
This monograph is based on a series of lectures given by the author at the first Advanced Research Institute on Discrete Applied Mathematics, held at Rutgers University. It emphasizes connections between the representational aspects of mixed integer programming and applied logic, as well as discussing logic-based approaches to decision support which help to create more `intelligent' systems. Dividing naturally into two parts, the first four chapters are an overview of mixed-integer programming representability techniques. This is followed by five chapters on applied logic, expert systems, logic and databases, and complexity theory. It concludes with a summary of open research issues and an attempt to extrapolate trends in this rapidly developing area.
Robin George Collingwood, FBA (1889 – 1943) was an English historian, philosopher, and archaeologist most famous his philosophical works. Along with “The Principles of Art” (1938), Collingwood's “The Idea of History” was his best-known work, originally collated from numerous sources following his death by a student of his, T. M. Knox. It became a major inspiration for philosophy of history in the western world and is extensively cited to his day. This fascinating volume on history and its relationship to philosophy will appeal to students and collectors of vintage philosophical works alike. Contents include: “The Philosophy of History”, “History's Nature”, “Object”, “Method”, “Greco-Roman Histography”, “The Influence of Christianity”, “The Threshold of Scientific History”, “Scientific History”, “England”, “Germany”, “France”, “Italy”, etc. Many vintage books such as this are increasingly scarce and expensive. It is with this in mind that we are republishing this volume today in an affordable, high-quality, modern edition complete with a specially-commissioned new biography of the author.
Developed after a meeting at the Santa Fe Institute on extinction modeling, this book comments critically on the various modeling approaches. In the last decade or so, scientists have started to examine a new approach to the patterns of evolution and extinction in the fossil record. This approach may be called "statistical paleontology," since it looks at large-scale patterns in the record and attempts to understand and model their average statistical features, rather than their detailed structure. Examples of the patterns these studies examine are the distribution of the sizes of mass extinction events over time, the distribution of species lifetimes, or the apparent increase in the number of species alive over the last half a billion years. In attempting to model these patterns, researchers have drawn on ideas not only from paleontology, but from evolutionary biology, ecology, physics, and applied mathematics, including fitness landscapes, competitive exclusion, interaction matrices, and self-organized criticality. A self-contained review of work in this field.
Reprint of the original, first published in 1857. The publishing house Anatiposi publishes historical books as reprints. Due to their age, these books may have missing pages or inferior quality. Our aim is to preserve these books and make them available to the public so that they do not get lost.
Published here for the first time is much of a final and long-anticipated work on philosophy of history by the great Oxford philosopher and historian R. G. Collingwood (1889-1943). The original text of this uncompleted work has only recently been discovered. It is accompanied by further, shorter writings by Collingwood on historical knowledge and inquiry, selected from previously unpublished manuscripts held at the Bodleian Library, Oxford. All these writings, besides containing entirely new ideas, discuss further many of the issues which Collingwood famously raised in The Idea of History and in his Autobiography. The volume includes also two conclusions written by Collingwood for lectures which were eventually revised and published as The Idea of Nature, but which have relevance also to his philosophy of history. A lengthy editorial introduction sets these writings in their context, and discusses philosophical questions to which they give rise. The editors also consider why Collingwood left The Principles of History unfinished at his death, and what significance should be attached to the fact that it contains no reference to the idea of historical understanding as re-enactment. This volume will be a landmark publication not just in Collingwood studies but in philosophy of history generally.
Written by three celebrated astronomers renowned for their excellence in both research and teaching, the central theme is approached in three complementary ways: the smooth evolution of the universe from the Big Bang to the present structures of matter; as a meandering road paved by our observations of stars, galaxies, and clusters; and how these approaches have been gradually developed and intertwined in the historical process leading to modern-day cosmology.
This book provides a critical reassessment and fresh analysis of Jesus' attitude towards the Law as portrayed in each of the canonical Gospels, Q, Thomas, and the apocryphal Gospels. Representing William Loader's definitive work on the subject, this comprehensive study presents in a clearer picture of Jesus and his message. A special feature of this book is its textually "sequential analysis of the theme of the Law. By taking this unique approach, Loader lets Jesus' stance towards the Law emerge directly out of the Gospel narratives themselves while at the same time highlighting important similarities and differences between the texts. Comparing the canonical Gospels with each other and with crucial noncanonical sources allows Loader to probe behind the tradition in the search for Jesus' true relationship with the Judaism of his day. Despite its focused theme, this is not a book about the historical Jesus. Instead, it works with the ancient materials we actually have before us and so offers a more secure basis for the less certain task of reconstructing the history behind the texts. In treating each Gospel, Loader also begins with a substantial engagement of current and previous research before presenting his own perspectives. As a result, "Jesus' Attitude towards the Law will be valued both as an original scholarly contribution and as an unrivaled sourcebook for studying Jesus, Second Temple Judaism, and the origins of Christianity.
The ideas and techniques comprised in the mathematical framework for understanding computation should form part of the standard background of a graduate in mathematics or computer science, as the issues of computability and complexity permeate modern science. This textbook/reference offers a straightforward and thorough grounding in the theory of computability and computational complexity. Among topics covered are basic naive set theory, regular languages and automata, models of computation, partial recursive functions, undecidability proofs, classical computability theory including the arithmetical hierarchy and the priority method, the basics of computational complexity and hierarchy theorems. Topics and features: · Explores Conway's undecidability proof of the "3x+1" problem using reductions from Register Machines and "Fractran" · Offers an accessible account of the undecidability of the exponential version of Hilbert's 10th problem due to Jones and Matijacevič · Provides basic material on computable structure, such as computable linear orderings · Addresses parameterized complexity theory, including applications to algorithmic lower bounds and kernelization lower bounds · Delivers a short account of generic-case complexity and of smoothed analysis · Includes bonus material on structural complexity theory and priority arguments in computability theory This comprehensive textbook will be ideal for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduates, preparing them well for more advanced studies or applications in science. Additionally, it could serve such needs for mathematicians or for scientists working in computational areas, such as biology.
This comprehensive guide will facilitate scholarly research concerning the history of Christianity in China as well as the wider Sino-Western cultural encounter. It will assist scholars in their search for material on the anthropological, educational, medical, scientific, social, political, and religious dimensions of the missionary presence in China prior to 1950.The guide contains nearly five hundred entries identifying both Roman Catholic and Protestant missionary sending agencies and related religious congregations. Each entry includes the organization's name in English, followed by its Chinese name, country of origin, and denominational affiliation. Special attention has been paid to identifying the many small, lesser-known groups that arrived in China during the early decades of the twentieth century. In addition, a special category of the as yet little-studied indigenous communities of Chinese women has also been included. Multiple indexes enhance the guide's accessibility.
Preface to the second edition -- Preface to the first edition - Introduction -- Mathematical model of an electrochemical system -- Numerical solution of the model system -- Diffusion-only electrochemical problems in one-dimensional systems -- First-order chemical kinetic mechanisms -- Second-order chemical kinetic mechanisms -- Electrochemical simulation in weakly supported media -- Hydrodynamic voltammetry -- Two-dimensional systems: microdisc electrodes -- Heterogeneous surfaces -- Stochastic electrochemistry.
The Smith Family's tradition on Sundays was to sit around the dining room table after dinner and hear Daddy and Momma talk about old times. You see, they were African Americans born in Staunton, VA in 1916 and 1918 during difficult times. But they expected that God would make a way! They had so many stories. Sometimes we had a good laugh, many times we would cry and yet other times it was almost unbelievable what they went through in an unfair and unjust society. We were mesmerized and amazed how our parents maneuvered and thrived the 20th Century. We were in awe of how they maintained their dignity and achieved so much in the face of so many obstacles and challenges. But "With God's Blessing" (this is the name they gave to the collection of stories that made up their life experiences), the impossible happened over and over. These life lessons we want our children's children to read and learn. We are also sure that each reader can appreciate and learn something from their life stories. Though there are many celebrated books and articles about the lifestyle of African Americans during the 20th Century, the story of Irving and Jane Smith is interesting and compelling. Jane Evangeline Brown Mercedes Decethia Morrison
This volume is designed specifically for the medical student, and should provide the reader with a working, clinical knowledge of the subject. It provides a practical foundation course in diseases of the eye. Part one shows the student how to examine and treat patients with acute conditions of the eye. Part two has chapters devoted to each major division of ophthalmology.
Cyclo-octatetraene is a compound of fundamental importance to theoretical chemists and has played an outstanding role in many aspects of organic and organometallic chemistry. As [8]annulene, the next higher vinylogue of benzene, it is essential to the understanding of cyclic alternating pi systems. As a medium-ring polyene, it undergoes a wide variety of reactions that are often accompanied by skeletal transformations, and it is the progenitor of a large number of interesting species, ranging in complexity from cyclobutadiene to triamantane. It also forms an exceptional variety of complexes with transition metals, important from the viewpoint of bonding theory, and increasingly useful in providing routes to systems that are not readily available by the conventional transformations of organic chemistry. The recent rapid developments and growth of interest in the study of cyclo-octatetraenes and its derivatives make this comprehensive review especially timely.
The players of the independent Carolina League were outlaws. A diverse lot that included preachers and ex-cons, with many former and future Major Leaguers, they played ball during the desperate years of the Great Depression, when half of organized professional baseball's minor leagues went broke and ceased operations. Despite the number of defaulting leagues and teams, the players were held to their prior contracts, and many found themselves unemployed, unable to play without violating the reserve clause that bound them to their previous club. The threat of being blackballed by organized baseball notwithstanding, hundreds of players went to bat for the independent Carolina League, and their stories offer unique glimpses into the pastime's--and America's--most difficult years. This follow-up to the immensely popular and award-winning The Independent Carolina Baseball League, 1936-1938 (McFarland, 1999) takes the story of outlaw baseball into extra innings, offering a wealth of previously unpublished interviews with the key players and personnel associated with the league. With outstanding coverage of nearly 20 players, including the notorious Edwin Collins "Alabama" Pitts and well-known Lawrence Columbus "Crash" Davis, this book also offers the unique perspectives of umpires, journalists and players' wives. Appendices include a Pitts family history, the Kannapolis Towelers team record book, player records, and the history of the Carolina Victory League.
The sparsely populated southern Interior of British Columbia was rich in resources and ripe for settlement in the late 1800s. The agricultural lands of the Okanagan and Nicola valleys, and the precious metals and coal of the Kootenays, lay largely unused or undiscovered: the challenge was getting to these places. Transportation was the key that opened the way to these riches, providing hope for the future for stout-hearted settlers—people for whom hope was the greatest of treasures. In this final book of his bestselling Carving the Western Path series, former Deputy Minister of Highways and Public Works R.G. Harvey tells the stories of the road through the Okanagan Valley, the highway alongside Kootenay Lake and the Crows Nest Railway. He also looks at how the challenge of moving people and cars over water was met, from river ferries running on human power or the force of currents to the 1,000-hp ferries on interior lakes. Harvey's stories about BC's fascinating transportation history speak of technical matters, but also of human resolution and determination in meeting nature's challenges.
This book is available either individually, or as part of the specially-priced Arguments of the Philosphers Collection. The purpose of this series is to provide a contemporary assessment and history of the entire course of philosophical thought. Each book constitutes a detailed, critical introduction to the work of a philosopher of major influence and significance. The object of this book is to provide an account of the main parts of Spinoza’s philosophy. The first three chapters deal with his epistemology; the second three, with his metaphysics and theory of mind; the final three, with his psychology, ethics and doctrine of immortality.
Developments in Economic Geology, 11: Geology of Tin Deposits focuses on the principles, methodologies, and approaches involved in the study of the geology of tin deposits. The book first tackles metallogenic provinces, primary tin deposits, and tin in the geochemical cycle. Topics include tin distribution, deposits associated with anorogenic granites and passive and/or batholithic magmatic environments, deposits related with terrestrial acid lava flows, classification of provinces and province analysis, and plate tectonics and tin provinces. The manuscript then ponders on the relationship between granitoids and tin concentration, significant geological features of tin deposits and their application in search techniques, and observations on large low grade tin ores. Concerns include tonnage-grade curves of various deposit types, porphyry tin deposits, geochemical prospecting, vein analysis, tin distribution and concentration mechanisms in the igneous environment, and trace element specialization. The text takes a look at the transport of tin in the formation of ore deposits, mineralogy and aspects of the crystal chemistry of tin, aspects of secondary deposits, and economic and management considerations. The publication is a dependable reference for researchers interested in the geology of tin deposits.
Hans has written another journal and is quite aware of his weaknesses. We all have weaknesses and yet some people will not admit them until if finds them. Sometimes it is too late. For Hans it is the beginning and he is now ready for his final destiny in life. Join Hans and Sasha in another Forever yours. Discover who Sasha really is and you could bet on it that you would have never guess. Keep the legacy going.
Before the Angel Series was Forever yours. During that time Hans was told by his guardian angel that there was someone else that was an angel. But who? Hans now travels through time with his final mission with Sasha. A will that he fought years ago, but welcomed it with opened arms today. Enjoy the love, peace, and angelical power of one woman that loved Hans. Keep the legacy going!
The zombiesa are back and Jen must be ready to lead her team through the attacks on humanity. Her recent challenges and survival tactics helped her to teach others her ways. There is a sense of giving up and the question is whether she will submit to the end. Her life is more complicated because she found love in her life, and then something happens that will change the course of her thinking. Will Jen become callous or will she be the loving Jen she always was? What will be the final thoughts of her and what will she do to survive the end of times? You feel her pain that she has written down in her diary, and read how she overcame all of her failures. Now since she is in adaptation, she is wondering if she should carry on, or should she submit to giving up. The challenges are there, and so is the determination, but will she be able to do it?
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