The first concern of scientists who are interested in synthetic polymers has always been, and still is: How are they synthesized? But right after this comes the question: What have I made, and for what is it good? This leads to the important topic of the structure-property relations to which this book is devoted. Polymers are very large and very complicated systems; their character ization has to begin with the chemical composition, configuration, and con formation of the individual molecule. The first chapter is devoted to this broad objective. The immediate physical consequences, discussed in the second chapter, form the basis for the physical nature of polymers: the supermolecular interactions and arrangements of the individual macromolecules. The third chapter deals with the important question: How are these chemical and physical structures experimentally determined? The existing methods for polymer characterization are enumerated and discussed in this chapter. The following chapters go into more detail. For most applications-textiles, films, molded or extruded objects of all kinds-the mechanical and the thermal behaviors of polymers are of pre ponderant importance, followed by optical and electric properties. Chapters 4 through 9 describe how such properties are rooted in and dependent on the chemical structure. More-detailed considerations are given to certain particularly important and critical properties such as the solubility and permeability of polymeric systems. Macromolecules are not always the final goal of the chemist-they may act as intermediates, reactants, or catalysts. This topic is presented in Chapters 10 and 11.
The Education of John Adams is the first biography of John Adams by a biographer with legal training. It examines his origins in colonial Massachusetts, his education, and his struggle to choose a career and define a place for himself in colonial society. It explores the flowering of his legal career and the impact that law had on him and his understanding of himself; his growing involvement with the American Revolution as polemicist, as lawyer, as congressional delegate, and as diplomat; and his commitment to defining and expounding ideas about constitutionalism and how it should work as the body of ideas shaping the new United States. The book traces his part in launching the government of the United States under the U.S. Constitution; his service as the nation's first vice president and second president; and his retirement years, during which he was first a vexed and rejected ex-president and then became the revered Sage of Braintree. It describes the relationships that sustained him - with his wife, the brilliant and eloquent Abigail Adams; with his children; with such allies and supporters as Benjamin Rush and John Marshall; with such sometime friends and sometime adversaries as Benjamin Franklin, George Washington, and Thomas Jefferson; and with such foes as Alexander Hamilton and Timothy Pickering. Bernstein establishes Adams as a key figure in the evolution of American constitutional theory and practice. This is the first biography to examine Adams's conflicted and hesitant ideas about slavery and race in the American context, raising serious questions about his mythic status as a friend of human equality and a foe of slavery. This book's foundation is the record left by Adams himself-- in diaries, letters, essays, pamphlets, and books. The Education of John Adams concludes by re-examining the often-debated question of the relevance of Adams's thought to our own time.
In a scholarly, yet accessible work, Bernstein reveals the Founding Fathers not as shining demigods but as imperfect human beings who nevertheless achieved political greatness.
First published in 1952, John Constable and the Fishers is based on original letters which have never been published in full before. These have been woven into a connected narrative dealing with the friendship which existed between Constable and various members of the Fisher family, more particularly the Bishop of Salisbury (a personal friend of George III who entrusted him with the education of Princess Charlotte as heiress to the throne) and his nephew the Archdeacon of Berkshire. The Archdeacon’s letters give a picture of life in a cathedral closed and country vicarages, reminiscent of Trollope’s Barchester and Thomas Hardy’s Wessex. In return Constable confides his ideals and ambitions; and as Mr. Grigson suggests in his introduction, the encouragement he received from the Fishers may have had a decisive effect on the future of landscape art. The letters are fully annotated and are illustrated with connected works done by Constable. This book will of interest to students of history, art and literature.
Forgotten Figure was fiery lawyer and politician A new biography reveals influential Henry Wynn Williams riled Canterbury establishment figures with his working class advocacy. Humbug is not a pretty word. It has connotations of hoaxing, fraud and falseness. It was commonly used in the 1800s, mostly in reference to politicians. So, when The Press in an 1883 editorial described early Christchurch political figure Henry Wynn Williams as ‘‘free from humbug and deception’’, it was high praise. Wynn Williams’ great-grandson Robert says The Press editorial was ‘‘extraordinarily effusive about Henry’’, especially considering how critical the newspaper had been of Wynn Williams’ policies. Robert, a Lincoln scientist, has used the phrase in the title of his biography of the influential lawyer-politician. Free From Humbug is not an effusive biography, though. It presents a ‘‘warts and all’’ portrayal of one of the most interesting characters in early Canterbury. Historians have largely ignored Wynn Williams and he remains unknown to most people. Perhaps the Welshman was too liberal and supportive of the working class to be accepted socially by The Establishment of wealthy squatters, merchants and professionals. However, Robert takes obvious delight in the fact that two of New Zealand’s leading law firms, Wynn Williams & Co and Russell McVeagh, were founded at about the same time by brothers; by Henry Wynn Williams in Christchurch and by his younger brother in Auckland. The Petrus van der Velden portrait of Wynn Williams on the book’s cover could almost be of David Lloyd George. The two politicians shared more than their appearance and their Welsh birth. Wynn Williams came to New Zealand by happy accident. The parson’s son qualified in law in 1853 and practised for four years. Restless and hard-up he opted for a move to the colonies. His choice was South Africa but he met an acquaintance in the street who recommended New Zealand. Wynn Williams could not afford the fare so his acquaintance pulled strings with a shipping company to let him work his passage. Robert still finds it hard to believe that his great-grandfather, who had never been to sea, was taken on as third mate in a ship that had no first or second mate. The landlubber who knew nothing about ships became second-in-command of the emigrant vessel Hastings for the long voyage. Another happy accident came after leaving (possibly deserting) the ship at Wellington in 1858. Wynn Williams accompanied an on-board friend to Nelson. There he met a farmer who warmed to the penniless new arrival and took him under his wing. For the next two years he did a variety of work, including droving, cooking and general farm duties. In 1860 he settled in Christchurch and established his legal practice in the Shands Emporium building on Hereford Street. He married Emily Coward (the name being a contraction of cow herd) and they raised seven children, a further two having died in infancy. He might have been regarded askance by the establishment, but Wynn Williams’ skills brought him custom, which led to some friendships. Future Premier Sir John Hall advanced him sufficient money to buy a grand home on the south-east corner of Latimer Square, in 1863. He developed the rambling garden and lawns which were used for bowls, croquet, tennis, fetes and garden parties. His prominence brought election to the provincial council and, eventually, to the House of Representatives (Parliament). In these forums his advocacy for the poor and downtrodden raised his profile further. Robert’s book contains highlights of his legal and political careers. It shows reactions to his outspoken and forthright manner, ranging from homage to horror. ‘‘He was a genuine egalitarian,’’ Robert says. He campaigned for land reform to break up large estates and settle small farmers. He fought for workers’ rights. He espoused tax reform that would ensure everyone paid a fair share. He was a keen reader and, influenced by Mark Twain, whom he met, had ambitions to be a writer. The diaries he kept of his travels in New Zealand and around the world, including a railway trip across the USA, could have been prototypes for travel books. Wynn Williams died in 1913. Marking the centenary of his death, Robert felt drawn to research his life. ‘‘I am not spiritual but I got a feeling he was waiting for me to come along and do it. It was all sitting there for me to pick up,’’ Robert says. He knew enough of his great-grandfather’s story to believe it should be turned into a book. He found reference to a journal in some historical notes at Wynn Williams and Co. This led him to a relative who had the journal. It was a treasure trove of information that drew him ever closer to his great-grandfather. Finding he had an affinity for ‘‘the small people’’ was ‘‘an agreeable surprise’’, Robert says. It launched him on further research in New Zealand and Britain. Mike Crean Fairfax. NZ
The present state of the art of dam engineering has been ronmental, and political factors, which, though important, attained by a continuous search for new ideas and methods are covered in other publications. while incorporating the lessons of the past. In the last 20 The rapid progress in recent times has resulted from the years particularly there have been major innovations, due combined efforts of engineers and associated scientists, as largely to a concerted effort to blend the best of theory and exemplified by the authorities who have contributed to this practice. Accompanying these achievements, there has been book. These individuals have brought extensive knowledge a significant trend toward free interchange among the pro to the task, drawn from experience throughout the world. fessional disciplines, including open discussion of prob With the convergence of such distinguished talent, the op lems and their solutions. The inseparable relationships of portunity for accomplishment was substantial. I gratefully hydrology, geology, and seismology to engineering have acknowledge the generous cooperation of these writers, and been increasingly recognized in this field, where progress am indebted also to other persons and organizations that is founded on interdisciplinary cooperation. have allowed reference to their publications; and I have This book presents advances in dam engineering that attempted to acknowledge this obligation in the sections have been achieved in recent years or are under way. At where the material is used. These courtesies are deeply ap tention is given to practical aspects of design, construction, preciated.
This book is the product of many years' experience teaching behavioral science in a way that demonstrates its relevance to clinical medicine. We have been guided by the reactions and evaluations of many first-year medical students. The result is a conceptual framework different from those that we and others had tried before. Because the clinical relevance of knowledge about human behavior is less apparent to many first-year students than that of the other traditional pre clinical courses, books and courses organized as brief introductions to psychology, sociology, and behavioral neurology have often been poorly received. Various medical schools and texts have explored ways to overcome this difficulty. One text organizes the presentation around very practical problems which are of unmistakable interest to the future physician: the therapeutic relationship, death and dying, sexuality, and pain, to give a few examples. Another emphasizes stages of development, periods of the human life cycle, as its organizing principle. Both of these approaches have merit and have been used successfully in various schools. They seem to us, however, to have a potentially serious shortcoming. They focus student attention too much on the more immediately intriguing issues of specific clinical problems or on the more easily recognized age specific behavioral issues. In the limited time available, the teaching of general principles of human behavioral functioning may then be neglected.
These pioneering studies of personal eschatology in the Jewish and Christian apocalypses, including those neglected apocalypses which focus on life after death, make an important contribution to understanding ideas and images of the hereafter in early Judaism and Christianity.
The world is reaching a nuclear tipping point, and a catastrophe looms. Even the United Nations can't seem to do anything about the threat. Given the circumstances, people everywhere need to unite to prevent a disaster. In this new study, peace activist R. B. Herath explains what's at stake and what everyday people can do to solve the problem. Here are some of the questions Herath seeks to answer: - What are the major violent conflicts in the world today? - Is there any guarantee that none of the ongoing violent conflicts will deteriorate into a worldwide fiasco? - If there is no such guarantee, what needs to be done to prevent such an eventuality? - Is there anything more to be done to ensure lasting peace on the planet? By taking steps to prevent tension from building up to a tipping point and by building a stronger system of checks and balances, it's possible to resolve conflicts at all levels through peaceful means. Join Herath as he seeks to change habits that promote war to habits that promote peace in the face of the present troubled state of the world.
Arising out of The Third International Symposium held in New Jersey, this book represents the state-of-the-art in ocean management. From the Baltic to the Caribbean, from the Adriatic to the Atlantic, the problems of ocean management are fully discussed, and proposals made to meet the challenges of the next decade. This book will be of immense inte
T.E. Lawrence found global recognition for his leadership of the Arab Revolt during World War I, harassing the Turks from Medina to Damascus and preparing the ground for the final Allied offensive in 1918. He was hailed as a hero, but little is known about this mysterious and charismatic man after those events. Another Life is about Lawrence?s life after Arabia, his service in the RAF and the Tank Corps as a mere ranker, and details how he became an expert in the technology of the new RAF. It examines the work he did for the 1929 Schneider Trophy Race, the development of the new RAF 200 seaplane tender, and the development of its armour plated offspring, the Armoured Target Boat. It also investigates his literary endeavours and his tragically early death, a sad end to a Renaissance man of all talents, an academic, a talented engineer and a soldier sans pareil.
This is the only authoritative textbook on metabolic measurement of animals, ranging in mass from fruit flies to whales. It integrates a rigorous theoretical background with detailed practical guidelines for making actual measurements in the field and laboratory.
Oribatid mites are ancient, minute arthropods that live in soil, plant litter, mosses and lichens, and on trees and shrubs. Prior to the production of this catalogue, Australian Oribatid mites had been poorly documented. This catalogue summarises our knowledge of the fauna of Australian Oribatid mites, including many new records of species and genera. It forms a fundamental resource for anyone interested in these important organisms and their role in soil ecology and as environmental indicators.
Originally published in 1938, this book consists of a group of papers considering widely different subjects, but all bearing upon one social problem – the causation and prevention of war. The authors all occupy the same general political position, they are democratic socialists and active members of the Labour Party. The book falls into three rough divisions, although all the papers are self-contained. The first part of the book is psychological and attempts to summarise and analyse the non-historical evidence (ecological, psychological, and anthropological) about the causes of fighting. The second part is historical. It surveys the different causes of international war in the nineteenth century and then discusses the relation between nationalism and capitalism during the same period. The third part is political and first considers the relation of the use of force to the preservation of peace. Then analyses the choices of foreign policy for a pacific power confronted by the threat of aggressive military dictatorship. It concludes with a review and assessment of the various available policies for the prevention of war in general and under the specific contemporary conditions of the time.
This Atlas of Oral PathologV is intended primarily as a ances where appropriate and reproduce relevant radio graphs. Every pathologist who deals with bone specimens bench companion for the general diagnostic pathologist. especially the trainee. It has not been designed to cover will know the value of radiographs, and some indeed are the subject fully and in detail, nor does it enter into the reluctantto make a diagnosis in their absence. In addition, radiographs may give a good idea of the extent aFld other more theoretical aspects. Since the book is essentially an atlas the text has been features of a lesion that may be represented in the first kept to a minimum, but in it we have tried to adopt'a instance only by a small biopsy specimen. practical approach, with special regard to differential diag While many of the illustrations have been made from nosis. We have made some remarks about the clinical sections freshly cut and stained for the purpose, others features of the various conditions dealt with, since this have been prepared from stained sections already in our may help the pathologist to appreciate what is in the refer files and since, in addition, the material comes principally ring clinician's mind in an area with which the pathologist from two departments, as well as from outside sources, may not be particularly familiar.
Ralph Smith was a highly respected historian who, at the time of his death in December 2000, had nearly completed a manuscript chronicling changes in the East Asia region since 1943. This fascinating work, completed and edited by Chad Mitcham, one of Ralph Smith’s former students, himself a specialist and established author in this field, draws together the product of Professor Smith’s research at archives in Britain, France, Japan and the United States, extensive reading and international travel from 1966 to 2000. The book also incorporates a distillation of ideas and themes explored in his earlier papers, articles and books, including Ralph Smith's pioneering three volume work, An International History of the Vietnam War. It shows how both Ralph Smith’s thinking about the future course of the region and the broader context of regional prospects radically changed throughout this turbulent time. As Ralph Smith’s last major research project, carried out from 1997 to 2000, the book has evolved from his 1997 paper ‘Visions of the Future: East Asia in 1943 and 1993’, delivered in the Huang Hsing Foundation Distinguished Lecture at the Asian Studies Centre, St Antony’s College, Oxford. It is a vital contribution to post-war Asian history.
A rich collection of ideas and explanations of cultures as diverse as the Greeks and the Norse, the Celts and the Jews, and the Chinese and the Romans.
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