Literacy has always been considered a pre-requisite for a modernizing society. The bases of this belief, and its full ramifications, however, have not been adequately researched in the Indian context. The book raises some crucial issues attached integrally with literacy-modernization thesis and makes a case for broader and deeper Indian studies in the field, involving interdisciplinary talent and methods.
Chapter 1 presents theorems on differentiable functions often used in differential topology, such as the implicit function theorem, Sard's theorem and Whitney's approximation theorem. The next chapter is an introduction to real and complex manifolds. It contains an exposition of the theorem of Frobenius, the lemmata of Poincaré and Grothendieck with applications of Grothendieck's lemma to complex analysis, the imbedding theorem of Whitney and Thom's transversality theorem. Chapter 3 includes characterizations of linear differentiable operators, due to Peetre and Hormander. The inequalities of Garding and of Friedrichs on elliptic operators are proved and are used to prove the regularity of weak solutions of elliptic equations. The chapter ends with the approximation theorem of Malgrange-Lax and its application to the proof of the Runge theorem on open Riemann surfaces due to Behnke and Stein.
Mathematics has a certain mystique, for it is pure and ex- act, yet demands remarkable creativity. This reputation is reinforced by its characteristic abstraction and its own in- dividual language, which often disguise its origins in and connections with the physical world. Publishing mathematics, therefore, requires special effort and talent. Heinz G|tze,who has dedicated his life to scientific pu- blishing, took up this challenge with his typical enthusi- asm. This Festschrift celebrates his invaluable contribu- tions to the mathematical community, many of whose leading members he counts among his personal friends. The articles, written by mathematicians from around the world and coming from diverse fields, portray the important role of mathematics in our culture. Here, the reflections of important mathematicians, often focused on the history of mathematics, are collected, in recognition of Heinz G|tze's life-longsupport of mathematics.
This book studies language behaviour in the larger context of modelling or ganismic behaviour more generally. It starts out from the basic premise that what is characteristic of organismic behaviour is that an organism uses its behavioural acts to accomplish something in its interactions with the world in which it finds itself. These two features, that an organism has a behav ioural repertoire and that it deploys specific behavioural acts from its repertoire in an intentional way, define the agentive nature of an organism. The study of organismic behaviour, then, must primarily concern itself with this agentive aspect of an organism and determine what structures and proces ses underlie these intentional organismic acts. We should be able to say what primitive structures and what primitive processes put together in what ways can give rise to the kinds of behavioural acts an organism engages in. Any explanation of behaviour that we formulate in terms of underlying structures and processes must be testable and must be consonant with the observed pheno menological aspects of such behaviour.
The articles in this volume were written to commemorate Reinhold Remmert's 60th birthday in June, 1990. They are surveys, meant to facilitate access to some of the many aspects of the theory of complex manifolds, and demonstrate the interplay between complex analysis and many other branches of mathematics, algebraic geometry, differential topology, representations of Lie groups, and mathematical physics being only the most obvious of these branches. Each of these articles should serve not only to describe the particular circle of ideas in complex analysis with which it deals but also as a guide to the many mathematical ideas related to its theme.
The objective of this project was to perform an overall feasibility analysis of point of use (POU) and point of entry (POE) systems for arsenic treatment, and to develop industry-wide recommendations for use of such systems as an alternative to centralized treatment, considering factors such as costs, process reliability, public perception, liability, and regulatory acceptance. The researchers also planned to assess water quality criteria that may limit the performance of POU/POE systems and determine at what size POU/POE treatment systems are cost-effective. Given the operational, financial, and implementation constraints of arsenic removal for very small systems, installation of "under the sink" POU devices may be a more viable and cost-effective option. The 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act amendments allow the use of POU and POE devices for compliance with certain MCLs (e.g., inorganics, organics, radionuclides) for small and rural systems. Since ingestion is the only exposure route of concern for arsenic, whole house treatment would not be necessary.
Historically, reclaimed water systems met water quality and public health related standards at the end of the treatment facility prior to entering the distribution system. However, water quality within the reclaimed water distribution system can significantly change and affect end uses due to changes in levels of color, odor, and biofilm growth. Operations staff need guidance to help them optimize the reclaimed water quality in the distribution system throughout the year. The objectives of this project were to: characterize the nature and extent of water quality deterioration in reclaimed water distribution systems, including microbial fouling, regrowth, impact to the end user, and impact on reuse and other related regulations; identify pertinent water quality issues in relationship to degradation as it is conveyed to reuse customers; develop general guidance for use by reclaimed water utilities in identifying and assessing problems; and provide options for controlling regrowth including regulating detention time, flushing, and optimization of disinfectants. The final report includes a summary of state reclaimed water regulations and federal guidelines, and other related regulations. The research team put together a final report that provides general guidance for use by reclaimed water utilities in assessing and solving potential problems. Guidance for operation, monitoring, and maintenance of reclaimed water systems to improve quality for end users. Biofilm control methods such as pipeline flushing, shock chlorination, and intermittent use of chloramine disinfectant are discussed. The research also addresses methods for identifying microbially induced corrosion issues and methods to optimize operations through the use of monitoring and modeling activities. Disinfectant residual criteria for reclaimed water systems are presented to assist system operators.
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