Nanoparticles have immense commercial importance. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticle from diverse groups of organisms is of great interest since the methodology is simple and hazard-free. The obtained nanoparticles are free from toxic residues and are bio-compatible. The book offers an overview of various aspects of biological synthesis of the inorganic nanoparticles-gold, silver, platinum, palladium, copper oxide, titanium dioxide nanoparticles, and carbon nanostructures by different biological systems and their suitability for application in various fields especially in biomedicine and environmental protection. The diversity of biomolecules in these bioresources can facilitate biomanufacturing of nanoparticles of suitable size and geometry by regulating reaction parameters. The book also offers an insight into the use of callus cultures which are renewable bio-resources for the axenic synthesis of nanoparticles suitable for therapeutic applications. In several studies the biogenic nanoparticles have been found to be superior to nanoparticles synthesized by conventional methods. Hence studies on the current status of biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles and their applications will facilitate future research to achieve biomanufacturing of nanoparticles for various beneficial uses. It is suitable as a reference book for researchers. It is useful as a textbook for post-graduate and undergraduate students. Each chapter has several questions to stimulate the interest of students. There are also simple laboratory protocols for biogenic synthesis.