This central research question unfolded into two major objectives, and the thesis consisted mainly of two parts, with each reflecting one of the research objectives. The first was a search for a theoretical framework suitable for explaining processes of differentiation and increases or decreases in diversity in Chinese higher education. This investigation resulted in a theoretical framework rooted in three related theoretical perspectives from organizational theory: the population ecology perspective, the resource dependency perspective and the institutional isomorphism perspective. The other objective was an empirical investigation into the actual process of differentiation and the increases or decreases of diversity at the study program level in the Chinese universities. This study examined recent policy changes in Chinese higher education that have affected differentiation and diversity of the system. It was intended to answer the following research question: How have governmental policies influenced and shaped the processes of differentiation and diversity in Chinese higher education, in particular of the universities, and how can the changing patterns of differentiation and diversity be explained and contested?The empirical analysis of diversity in Chinese higher education provided the foundation for an examination of the influence of China's governmental policies on differentiation and diversity, which was discussed against the benchmark of whether or not the Chinese government had achieved its goals with respect to diversity. Also, this study concluded that the existing classification system of Chinese higher education institutions had not been sufficient for describing the systemic and structural, and the study suggested a new classification framework for China's higher education system, which draws on studies by Chinese scholars in recent years, and on the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Finally, suggested areas for future research were outlined, with two possibilities highlighted. One possibility is to look at the issue of differentiation and diversity in a larger perspective by placing it in the context of internationalization and globalization. In contrast, the other possibility is to explore the issue with a micro perspective, at the institutional level. These two objectives coincided with the two major parts of this study, and enabled this work to approximate an optimum research design by combining the elements of a theoretical framework, assumptions, hypotheses, operationalizations, testing and feedback to the theoretical framework. In the field of Chinese higher education studies, this is a path-breaking study as little theory has been tested in this field in China, and few concepts have been operationalized as observable variables.
This book examines the ways in which China’s universities have changed in the dramatic move to a mass stage which has unfolded since the late 1990s. Twelve universities in different regions of the country are portrayed through the eyes of their students, faculty and leaders. The book begins with the national level policy process around the move to mass higher education. This is followed by an analysis of the views of 2,300 students on the 12 campuses about how the changes have affected their learning experiences and civil society involvement. The 12 portraits in the next section are of three comprehensive universities, three education-related universities, three science and technology universities, and three newly emerging private universities. The final chapter sketches the contours of an emerging Chinese model of the university, and explores its connections to China’s longstanding scholarly traditions
This book presents two collaborative prediction approaches based on contextual representation and hierarchical representation, and their applications including context-aware recommendation, latent collaborative retrieval and click-through rate prediction. The proposed techniques offer significant improvements over current methods, the key determinants being the incorporated contextual representation and hierarchical representation. To provide a background to the core ideas presented, it offers an overview of contextual modeling and the theory of contextual representation and hierarchical representation, which are constructed for the joint interaction of entities and contextual information. The book offers a rich blend of theory and practice, making it a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners who need to construct systems of information retrieval, data mining and recommendation systems with contextual information.
Steel frames are used in many commercial high-rise buildings, as well as industrial structures, such as ore mines and oilrigs. Enabling construction of ever lighter and safer structures, steel frames have become an important topic for engineers. This book, split into two parts covering advanced analysis and advanced design of steel frames, guides the reader from a broad array of frame elements through to advanced design methods such as deterministic, reliability, and system reliability design approaches. This book connects reliability evaluation of structural systems to advanced analysis of steel frames, and ensures that the steel frame design described is founded on system reliability. Important features of the this book include: fundamental equations governing the elastic and elasto-plastic equilibrium of beam, sheer-beam, column, joint-panel, and brace elements for steel frames; analysis of elastic buckling, elasto-plastic capacity and earthquake-excited behaviour of steel frames; background knowledge of more precise analysis and safer design of steel frames against gravity and wind, as well as key discussions on seismic analysis. theoretical treatments, followed by numerous examples and applications; a review of the evolution of structural design approaches, and reliability-based advanced analysis, followed by the methods and procedures for how to establish practical design formula. Advanced Design and Analysis of Steel Frames provides students, researchers, and engineers with an integrated examination of this core civil and structural engineering topic. The logical treatment of both advanced analysis followed by advanced design makes this an invaluable reference tool, comprising of reviews, methods, procedures, examples, and applications of steel frames in one complete volume.
This book explains the basic theory for the therapy and anesthesia by acupuncture. At first author put forward the principle that Meridian is the bio-wave tunnel in human body which is produced by the interaction between earth magnetic field and the electric current of the pules from heart and central nerve system in human body. Author appoints meridian is not tissue of anatomy of human body.
Silk Road: The Study of Drama Culture is the translated edition of the Chinese academic book of the same title written by Professor LI Qiang from Shaanxi Normal University, China. The book breaks through the concept of regarding Han Drama as the center, yet elaborates the Silk Road drama as an inclusive culture and a prevailing literary art form in human civilization. Relying on his extensive experience and broad vision, the author conducts the thorough study by means of literature, artifacts and academic fieldwork. The book studies the drama culture of all ethnic groups from Asia, Europe and Africa and touches upon the cultural exchanges between China and its neighboring countries, between the East and the West. The carefully presented details in this book are aimed to explore all the related fields such as dramaturgy, philology, phonology, religion, history, geography, archeology, ethnology, and folklore between the East and the West from the perspective of cultural anthropology. The explanations in the book contribute to an in-depth study on the origins of the Silk Road and the drama culture along the Silk Road.
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