Complaint systems have existed in China for many years, and in 2004, a debate took place in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) over the Letters and Visits System (xinfang zhidu), which was designed to allow people to register complaints with the upper levels of the government. However, both parties generally overlooked several different complaint systems that had preceded the Letters and Visits System during China’s history. Indeed, despite the rich heritage of numerous complaint systems throughout China’s past, most studies of complaint systems in China have paid little attention to the origins, development, practices, impact, and nature of similar institutions in the longue durée of Chinese history. Presenting a comprehensive study of complaint systems in Chinese history from early times to the present, this important book fills the gap in existing literature on complaint systems in China. Drawing on primary sources, Qiang Fang analyses the significance of continuities and changes in historical complaint systems for contemporary China, where the state continues to be nominally strong, but actually fragile. Unlike other major theories of popular resistance to the state in China, such as ‘everyday resistance’, ‘rightful resistance’ and resistance ‘as legal rights’, this book develops the theory that behind Chinese complaint systems, there was a mentality of ‘natural resistance’ that has been deeply embedded in Chinese culture, political philosophy, and folk religion for millennia. Given this history, Fang concludes that it is likely that some form of complaint system will continue to exist, and by helping to mitigate the increasing demands of the Chinese state on the Chinese, will serve to strengthen the state. An essential contribution understanding the strengths, weaknesses, and various roles of the Letters and Visits System in contemporary China, as well as the systems that have preceded it throughout China’s long history, this book will be of huge interest to students and scholars of Chinese history, politics and law.
Correlating the traditional therapies of Qigong with the most recent outcomes of scientific research, this is the authoritative introduction to the knowledge system and content of Qigong study. Substantially revised and updated reflecting changes made to the new Chinese edition, the text now has an accompanying DVD showing the forms in action, new information about key concepts and practice, and coverage of the applications of Qigong for a range of medical conditions. The only official textbook used in colleges of traditional Chinese medicine in China, this is an essential reference for medical and health practitioners working in complementary and alternative therapies.
This textbook was compiled with a focus on the local Indian context, culture, and business practices. The topics can be divided into two categories: social life, and workplace activities related to business communication, designed to enhance the business Mandarin Chinese communication skills of learners. There are 10 lessons each in three volumes, for a total of 30 lessons, in line with the number of hours in a typical semester in India.
This book examines the ways in which China’s universities have changed in the dramatic move to a mass stage which has unfolded since the late 1990s. Twelve universities in different regions of the country are portrayed through the eyes of their students, faculty and leaders. The book begins with the national level policy process around the move to mass higher education. This is followed by an analysis of the views of 2,300 students on the 12 campuses about how the changes have affected their learning experiences and civil society involvement. The 12 portraits in the next section are of three comprehensive universities, three education-related universities, three science and technology universities, and three newly emerging private universities. The final chapter sketches the contours of an emerging Chinese model of the university, and explores its connections to China’s longstanding scholarly traditions
Social Stratification in Contemporary China raises and debates major sociological issues of modern and present-day China from a historical perspective. Such topics as “equality and inequality"and “acceptability of defined inequality"have been dealt with in a broad historical context since 1949 when the People’s Republic was founded. The work is widely accepted as one of the most important studies trying to clarify the difficult perceptions of policy of reform and opening up that was formulated and implemented in the early 1980s in China. Professor Li Qiang is one of the leading sociologists in China.
His beloved girl actually killed him on the wedding night, and his heart was penetrated by a sharp weapon and died. But he would not die so easily. Five hundred years later, he was born again to a teenager, determined to figure out why his wife killed him. He began a long cultivation path, and at the same time he gained the ability to live forever. Eventually, he grew into a peak power, and those who tried to hurt him were punished.☆About the Author☆Qiang Zai, a well-known online novelist, is good at writing novels of martial arts and fantasy, and his representative works include: Heavenly Emperor of Gu and Great Martial Arts System. Both novels received high marks.
Silk Road: The Study of Drama Culture is the translated edition of the Chinese academic book of the same title written by Professor LI Qiang from Shaanxi Normal University, China. The book breaks through the concept of regarding Han Drama as the center, yet elaborates the Silk Road drama as an inclusive culture and a prevailing literary art form in human civilization. Relying on his extensive experience and broad vision, the author conducts the thorough study by means of literature, artifacts and academic fieldwork. The book studies the drama culture of all ethnic groups from Asia, Europe and Africa and touches upon the cultural exchanges between China and its neighboring countries, between the East and the West. The carefully presented details in this book are aimed to explore all the related fields such as dramaturgy, philology, phonology, religion, history, geography, archeology, ethnology, and folklore between the East and the West from the perspective of cultural anthropology. The explanations in the book contribute to an in-depth study on the origins of the Silk Road and the drama culture along the Silk Road.
This book analyses the particular nature, characteristics and current conditions of urbanization in China. It reviews the theory of “urbanization with a diversified process” and puts forward the basic principles for promoting urbanization on the basis of a perspective reflecting the diversified sizes of towns and cities. Further, it assesses the overall strategic planning for advancing urbanization and explores the characteristics of an urban society formed on the basis of diversified urbanization.
The cave-temple complex popularly known as the Dunhuang caves is the world's largest extant repository of Tang Buddhist art. Among the best preserved of the Dunhuang caves is the Zhai Family Cave, built in 642. It is this remarkable cave-temple that forms the focus of Ning Qiang's cross-disciplinary exploration of the interrelationship of art, religion, and politics during the Tang. In his careful examination of the paintings and sculptures found there, the author combines the historical study of pictures with the pictorial study of history. By employing this two-fold approach, he is able to refer to textual evidence in interpreting the formal features of the cave-temple paintings and to employ visual details to fill in the historical gaps inevitably left by text-oriented scholars. The result is a comprehensive analysis of the visual culture of the period and a vivid description of social life in medieval China. and remained hidden until the early 1940s. Once exposed, the early artwork appeared fresh and colorful in comparison with other Tang paintings at Dunhuang. The relatively fine condition of the Zhai Family Cave is crucial to our understanding of the original pictorial program found there and offers a unique opportunity to investigate the visual details of the original paintings and sculptures in the cave. At the same time, the remaining traces of reconstruction and redecoration provide a new perspective on how, for over three centuries, a wealthy Chinese clan used its familial cave as a political showcase. Art, Religion, and Politics in Medieval China: The Dunhuang Cave of the Zhai Family is an in-depth study on the meaning and function of an exemplary Tang memorial cave and an important contribution to studies of Chinese religion, politics, sociology, literature, and folklore as well as to Chinese art history.
Drawing on newly released Chinese sources, Qiang Zhai traces the rise and fall of the Sino-Vietnamese alliance in the quarter century after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
Chloride-induced corrosion is the most important durability issue of reinforced concrete structures, and the prediction and prevention of chloride-induced corrosion has attracted considerable interest all over the world. Given that chloride penetrates through the concrete cover, the issues concerning its transport are crucial. These include testing methods, prediction, and the prevention of ingress. During the transport process, physical and chemical interaction occurs between chloride and cement hydrates, which in turn affects the further transport, so the transport of chloride and these interactions are closely related and underpin our understanding of chloride-induced corrosion in RC structures. This book provides in-depth discussion of chloride transport and its interaction in cement-based materials, and reviews and summarizes the state of the art. The mechanisms and testing methods for chloride transport, chemical interactions of chloride with cement hydrates, chloride binding isotherms, measurement of penetration depths, factors affecting chloride transport, and modeling of chloride transport are discussed in detail. This book serves as a reference for researchers or engineer, and a textbook for graduate students.
Civil Engineering Materials: From Theory to Practice presents the state-of-the-art in civil engineering materials, including the fundamental theory of materials needed for civil engineering projects and unique insights from decades of large-scale construction in China. The title includes the latest advances in new materials and techniques for civil engineering, showing the relationship between composition, structure and properties, and covering ultra-high-performance concrete and self-compacting concrete developed in China. This book provides comprehensive coverage of the most commonly used, most advanced materials for use in civil engineering. This volume consists of eight chapters covering the fundamentals of materials, inorganic cementing materials, Portland cement concrete, bricks, blocks and building mortar, metal, wood, asphalt and polymers. - Describes the most commonly used civil engineering materials and updates on advanced materials - Presents advanced materials and their applications in civil engineering - Looks at engineering problems pragmatically from both a materials and civil engineering perspective - Gives knowledge and guidance rooted in decades of experience in Chinese civil engineering projects - Contextualises knowledge of civil engineering materials in infrastructure construction, including high-speed rail
This book introduces fundamentals, measurements, and applications of rheology of fresh cement-based materials. The rheology of a fresh cement-based material is one of its most important aspects, characterizing its flow and deformation, and governing the mixing, placement, and casting quality of a concrete. This is the first book to bring the field together on an increasingly important topic, as new types of cement-based materials and new concrete technologies are developed. It describes measurement equipment, procedures, and data interpretation of the rheology of cement paste and concrete, as well as applications such as self-compacting concrete, pumping, and 3D printing. A range of other cement-based materials such as fiber-reinforced concrete, cemented paste backfills, and alkali-activated cement are also examined. Rheology of Fresh Cement-Based Materials serves as a reference book for researchers and engineers, and a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students.
Complaint systems have existed in China for many years, and in 2004, a debate took place in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) over the Letters and Visits System (xinfang zhidu), which was designed to allow people to register complaints with the upper levels of the government. However, both parties generally overlooked several different complaint systems that had preceded the Letters and Visits System during China’s history. Indeed, despite the rich heritage of numerous complaint systems throughout China’s past, most studies of complaint systems in China have paid little attention to the origins, development, practices, impact, and nature of similar institutions in the longue durée of Chinese history. Presenting a comprehensive study of complaint systems in Chinese history from early times to the present, this important book fills the gap in existing literature on complaint systems in China. Drawing on primary sources, Qiang Fang analyses the significance of continuities and changes in historical complaint systems for contemporary China, where the state continues to be nominally strong, but actually fragile. Unlike other major theories of popular resistance to the state in China, such as ‘everyday resistance’, ‘rightful resistance’ and resistance ‘as legal rights’, this book develops the theory that behind Chinese complaint systems, there was a mentality of ‘natural resistance’ that has been deeply embedded in Chinese culture, political philosophy, and folk religion for millennia. Given this history, Fang concludes that it is likely that some form of complaint system will continue to exist, and by helping to mitigate the increasing demands of the Chinese state on the Chinese, will serve to strengthen the state. An essential contribution understanding the strengths, weaknesses, and various roles of the Letters and Visits System in contemporary China, as well as the systems that have preceded it throughout China’s long history, this book will be of huge interest to students and scholars of Chinese history, politics and law.
Drawing on newly released Chinese sources, Qiang Zhai traces the rise and fall of the Sino-Vietnamese alliance in the quarter century after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
The term “aquapark” refers to an innovative aquaculture organizational model designed to facilitate and empower small-scale aquafarmers at every stage of the aquaculture value chain. [Author] This model encompasses comprehensive planning, zoning, and infrastructure development for roads, water and electricity, as well as vital aquaculture inputs like seed, feed, extension services and access to markets. [Author] The aquapark model is an important innovation to improve environmental, social and economic performance of aquaculture as a mean of sustainable development, which needs support from government aquaculture development strategy and policies, and investment from sector and private companies. [Author] This manual also contributes to FAO's efforts in advancing the Blue Transformation initiative. [Author] It offers valuable insights to FAO and its Member Nations, enhancing their comprehension of the aquapark concept and enabling the formulation of effective strategies for the implementation of this model to foster sustainable aquaculture development. [Author]
This book examines how the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has attempted to bolster its nationalist legitimacy through the utilisation of Chinese history. The authors identify two different modes of nationalism - aggressive and consensual - both of which are linked to the historical memory of the late Qing Dynasty and Republican era. Aggressive nationalism dwells on China’s traumatic “century of humiliation” and is intended to incite popular resentment towards former imperialist powers (particularly Japan and the US) whenever they are deemed to still be acting in a provocative manner in their dealings with China. The aim is to remind the Chinese people that the CCP liberated China from imperialism after 1949 and has since restored national pride. Consensual nationalism is more conciliatory, emphasising common historical ties with the Guomindang (KMT) during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Republican era. Here, the CCP is trying to promote itself as the party of national harmony and unity, with the long-term objective being peaceful reunification with Taiwan. However, the public response in China has not always been supportive of the CCP’s claims to be the sole defender of Chinese national interests. Some critics have suggested that China would have been better off if the KMT had won the civil war instead of the CCP. Others have insisted that the party is hopelessly weak on issues of national importance and that China is no stronger now than it was during the final throes of the much-hated Qing Dynasty. This book will be of interest to research students and scholars of Chinese politics, history and international relations.
Silk Road: The Study of Drama Culture is the translated edition of the Chinese academic book of the same title written by Professor LI Qiang from Shaanxi Normal University, China. The book breaks through the concept of regarding Han Drama as the center, yet elaborates the Silk Road drama as an inclusive culture and a prevailing literary art form in human civilization. Relying on his extensive experience and broad vision, the author conducts the thorough study by means of literature, artifacts and academic fieldwork. The book studies the drama culture of all ethnic groups from Asia, Europe and Africa and touches upon the cultural exchanges between China and its neighboring countries, between the East and the West. The carefully presented details in this book are aimed to explore all the related fields such as dramaturgy, philology, phonology, religion, history, geography, archeology, ethnology, and folklore between the East and the West from the perspective of cultural anthropology. The explanations in the book contribute to an in-depth study on the origins of the Silk Road and the drama culture along the Silk Road.
In this thesis, we study adaptive, statistical, context based error modelling techniques for predictive coding of medical images. The proposed modelling techniques are developed from the general purpose lossless image coding algorithm - CALIC, one of the state of art lossless image coders, and are aimed to reduce the model cost of a universal coder by utilizing a priori knowledge of input images. This context-based, adaptive modelling of prediction errors is optimized for the MR head image class, and the model cost can be disregarded since the model can be precomputed and saved for a particular type of images. The proposed approach improves the average compression code length by 0.32bpp over the universal CALIC through (1) Optimizing prediction function; (2) Type-customized context modelling of prediction errors; (3) Reducing the cost of learning source statistics from scratch by modelling initial conditional probabilities of prediction errors. We use linear regression to calculate the optimal least square coefficients of prediction function based on a set of training images. This lowers the average entropy by more than 0.1bpp. By modelling context optimization and using precomputed error model, error distributions from a set of training images, we obtain another average gain of 0.07bpp. We achieve 0.08bpp improvement by modelling initial conditional probabilities of prediction errors.
National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
Published Date
ISBN 10
0612210561
ISBN 13
9780612210561
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