This book presents a comparative reconstruction of the common phonology of the Chinese dialects using representative data from living dialects. The resulting phonology includes all categories and phonological distinctions that are represented in the dialect data. It departs from the tradition of using philological sources and non-Chinese borrowings as the basis for a reconstructed system. Based on a strict comparative methodology, the phonology presented encapsulates the shared phonology of the dialects and reflects the real-world distinctions and categories found in the living dialects. For example, the initials preserve the tripartite division that includes voiced obstruents seen in Wú dialects; the finals are comparatively drawn based on the collective dialect data; and the syllable codas preserve the three-way contrasts of consonant stop endings seen in the Cantonese dialects. The data presented allows readers to observe the basis for all of the distinction and categories included in the common phonology and the relationship of that phonology to all of the dialects, and as a result to identify the dialects’ disparate developments and evolution. The English translation also includes innovative elements that render it even more useful for researchers than the Chinese original. The book is primarily intended for scholars and researchers investigating the Chinese dialects and their relationships, and the history of Chinese. It is also useful for scholars of Chinese history and literature who need a handy resource providing essential information on the historical phonology of Chinese.
Duan Hong, a man with a demonic personality, was sent to the temple to practice martial arts. The Violent Spirit hidden in his blood allowed him to burst forth with unparalleled strength. As the saying goes, "color is emptiness," "void is color." The Buddha sat inside, and the wine and sex passed through his intestines. When he returned to the city, he still found it difficult to change his devilish nature. Dual-faced beautiful mature woman, the beautiful mature woman, the beautiful Barbarian Queen Sister walked around him, and a pair of pure and innocent sisters were by his side as well. He, who was surrounded by red powder, how would he perform his devilish life ...
Is there really a soul in the endless starfield that can give the unimaginable ability to ordinary people? Whether the beautiful pictures believed by countless people really exist? It seemed that destiny had abandoned Qin Xuan from the beginning. In order to open the road towards cultivation, Qin came to the cold area alone three years ago. Three years later, he still hadn't made any progress. It was also during these several years that his parents were framed and expelled from the family, and he was betrayed by close friends. Is there really a soul in the endless starfield that can give the unimaginable ability to ordinary people? Whether the beautiful pictures believed by countless people really exist? ☆About the Author☆ Qian Qiu Xue, a new web novelist, has the fiction debut "Peerless God Emperor". This fantasy novel is still ongoing and has accumulated nearly five million words. Because of the excellent literary quality, Qian Qiu Xue has become a contract writer of a novel website.
Once she transmigrated, she brought along her adorable baby, the battle concubine, and the trashy girl to fight against her selfish father. Feng Yu's life could only be described as wonderful!She thought that she would be able to bring her baby around the ancient times, but who would have thought that a cold and dark prince would suddenly appear in the middle of her path?Alright, then she will spar against him and see who can do what he wants!
She was the daughter of the Patriarch of a crazy and foolish family who was subject to bullying by others. She was a goddess who could shake the world. When the two ghosts were transformed, the world started to turn upside down on this foreign land. He was the cold and overbearing Undefeatable War God. He was a memory that could split heaven and earth. When the host and the main host competed for love, the situation once again changed. Who said that a person had to follow the path of the heavens and go with the heavens? She wanted to charge into a new world and become a terrifying ghost. She was the only one who held authority over the world.
Did she have to be so unlucky The bar ran into a vulgar man racking its brains to escape To bump into his fiancé and best friend secretly in love What the heck I actually got drunk on that thief bed just to vent my anger I woke up the next day and slipped away before anyone noticed me but who was that duck Fine She immediately knew that This duck was actually his final boss So The true bad luck had only just begun
Who said that life after crossing must be easier? In the past life, she was obviously a sweet and lovely little girl. Her parents loved each other and endlessly loved her. Life was always so happy and beautiful. But she crossed. After passing through this life, she became a small village girl, her father and mother were honest men without culture, her sister was weak and did not understand resistance. Only she faced a group of relatives who bullied them. Apart from being brave, could she have other options? ☆About the Author☆ Qian Zui Wei Meng, a well-known online novelist. She has written many novels and described many kind and strong girls. Her novel plot and writing style are both good.
Since I can remember, my parents have recognized a snake father for me.But suddenly, one day, the father snake actually entangled me.I recognize you as my father, how can you be like this!
This book is the first book on the history of Chinese traveling culture. It reviewed the history of Chinese traveling culture, and revealed the cultural significance of China's traveling phenomena and the underlying principles of its changing traveling culture.It has the following features: First, it divided the history of Chinese traveling culture into six periods to create a system to explain the phenomena and changes of traveling culture. Second, it emphasized the significance of travelers in traveling culture, and revealed the influence of zeitgeist on traveling culture. Third, it explained phenomena through investigations of the artifacts, institutions, behaviors and attitudes of traveling culture, and the dynamic interactions between the subjects, objects and media in traveling. Fourth, it expanded the theory of traveling by building upon extant ideas.Published by SCPG Publishing Corporation and distributed by World Scientific for all markets except China
I was not even born a month ago, yet I was possessed by a bat demon, which caused me to lose my soul and dissipate the sun. My life should not have ended like this. I was saved by a person called Tang Yu, and from then on, I embarked on an unimaginably strange and twisted journey with him ...
With existing educational leadership models and theories being predominantly western influenced, this book aims to provide more insight into school leadership in China. It pioneers building research- and practice-informed knowledge and unravels the complexities that characterize the scholarship, context and practices of school leadership. School leadership in China is presented through four sub-purposes: investigating how Chinese school leadership is conceptualized in the international and Chinese literature; exploring the shifting context within which Chinese school leaders enact their leadership, and examining key policies that have shaped the practice of leader development; extending the understandings about the complexities of work lives of Chinese school leaders; and further locating indigenous understandings of Chinese school leadership in the political and socio-cultural context of contemporary China, and the theoretical and conceptual context of international school leadership. This text will be particularly useful to international education researchers with focus on educational leadership, comparative education, education policy and education in China.
This book provides a comprehensive examination of the socio-cultural and political context of modern China in terms of its interaction with America and the West, focusing on the influence of the well-known Chinese writer and intellectual Lin Yutang (1895-1976). Offering a unique study of the life and works of Lin Yutang, it highlights his intellectual legacy in modern China and considers how his cross-cultural life and ideas embodied the modern Chinese cultural experience. It notably focuses on Lin’s reputation as an outspoken critic of the infringement of human rights during the rise of the Communist regime in China, but also on his rediscovery of Chinese cultural resources. At a time when China’s cultural contributions are increasingly relevant worldwide, this book contributes to ongoing critical reflections of Chinese modernity, particularly in terms of its intellectual legacies, but also to a renewed understanding of the cross-cultural interactions between China and America and a re-opening the dialogue and search for a new cultural understanding.
Look at the old tree in the west how many years have it been carved the brook at the head of the village is full and dry again such as flower appearance but willing to pay the vicissitudes of life love also hurt but still like a stubborn rose bloom she once through the strange world dressed as a man sword make the enemy scared heroes do bow women heroes women not to men the soul of the world the air covers the sky she has also been like water tender feelings has also moved happy blushing cheeks is the horizon of the most beautiful clouds some say she is the most beautiful no strength then let yourself become stronger constantly no position good use of wisdom will let others look up to no money that rely on their own hands to earn in a word strong strong strong
Quantum mechanics and relativity are two important topics of modern physics. This book serves as an introduction to the essential topics in the fields. It is suitable for a one-semester course for undergraduate students.The book is concise and the discussions are easy to follow. Interested students can also used this as a study guide for self-learning.
Duan Hong, a man with a demonic personality, was sent to the temple to practice martial arts. The Violent Spirit hidden in his blood allowed him to burst forth with unparalleled strength. As the saying goes, "color is emptiness," "void is color." The Buddha sat inside, and the wine and sex passed through his intestines. When he returned to the city, he still found it difficult to change his devilish nature. Dual-faced beautiful mature woman, the beautiful mature woman, the beautiful Barbarian Queen Sister walked around him, and a pair of pure and innocent sisters were by his side as well. He, who was surrounded by red powder, how would he perform his devilish life ...
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