This book discusses biomethane and the processes and applications downstream from biogas production. Biogas is a result of anaerobic digestion of agricultural or general household waste, such as manure, plants or food waste, and as such is considered a renewable energy source. Biomethane is a gas that results from any process that improves the quality of biogas by reducing the levels of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, moisture and other contaminant gases. Chemically, biomethane is the same as methane, and its name refers to the method of production rather than the content. Biomethane plants are generally found in locations with a low population density that are close to farms or food processing plants. In situations where there is no natural gas pipeline nearby, biomethane downstream applications can include storage, transportation, home heating, industrial use and distribution through small-scale local gas grids. This book discusses each of these applications and lists some of the design criteria as well as various issues relating to them.
This book on biogas is about the production and use of biogas with an emphasis on the raw materials and processes suitable for use in Southeast Asia. It is a gas formed when organic matter decomposes in an anaerobic digestion process. It can be made from any organic substance but the most economic are organic products from waste such as agricultural or general household waste, sewage, manure, municipal waste or food waste. As this raw material can be renewed indefinitely, biogas produced from it, is considered a renewable energy source. Worldwide interest in renewable energy sources is gathering momentum especially as concern for climate change mounts. Biogas generation helps reduce reliance on the use of fossil fuels. Producing biogas through biodigestion is non-polluting as there is no combustion or energy addition especially in the warmer climes of Southeast Asia. In this region, poorly managed landfills allow toxic liquids to drain into underground water sources. If instead, these wastes were used in a biogas plant, water pollution would be reduced. The same argument could be made for the local air quality. Therefore, biogas generation, in addition to producing renewable energy, also improves local water and air quality. The solid end-waste product of the biogas generation process is enriched natural organic matter (digestate), which can be substituted for chemical fertilizers, providing another environmental benefit to biogas. This book is primarily concerned with the production of biogas. From the raw material pre-treatment to the reactor design and operation to the post-treatment system, this book covers all aspects of production. There are many types of biogas reactors, each with their own advantages. Which reactor to select depends on the type and quantity of raw material, land area available and climate, among other factors. This book provides information on selecting and operating a suitable biogas system for interested parties be they governmental, NGO’s, private companies or individuals. Biogas contains primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). It may also contain small quantities of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes. Extracting the methane from all other gases is called biogas upgrading and the output is then referred to as biomethane. These upgrading processes are not the subject of this book as they are already the subject of a previously published book.
This book on biogas is about the production and use of biogas with an emphasis on the raw materials and processes suitable for use in Southeast Asia. It is a gas formed when organic matter decomposes in an anaerobic digestion process. It can be made from any organic substance but the most economic are organic products from waste such as agricultural or general household waste, sewage, manure, municipal waste or food waste. As this raw material can be renewed indefinitely, biogas produced from it, is considered a renewable energy source. Worldwide interest in renewable energy sources is gathering momentum especially as concern for climate change mounts. Biogas generation helps reduce reliance on the use of fossil fuels. Producing biogas through biodigestion is non-polluting as there is no combustion or energy addition especially in the warmer climes of Southeast Asia. In this region, poorly managed landfills allow toxic liquids to drain into underground water sources. If instead, these wastes were used in a biogas plant, water pollution would be reduced. The same argument could be made for the local air quality. Therefore, biogas generation, in addition to producing renewable energy, also improves local water and air quality. The solid end-waste product of the biogas generation process is enriched natural organic matter (digestate), which can be substituted for chemical fertilizers, providing another environmental benefit to biogas. This book is primarily concerned with the production of biogas. From the raw material pre-treatment to the reactor design and operation to the post-treatment system, this book covers all aspects of production. There are many types of biogas reactors, each with their own advantages. Which reactor to select depends on the type and quantity of raw material, land area available and climate, among other factors. This book provides information on selecting and operating a suitable biogas system for interested parties be they governmental, NGO’s, private companies or individuals. Biogas contains primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). It may also contain small quantities of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes. Extracting the methane from all other gases is called biogas upgrading and the output is then referred to as biomethane. These upgrading processes are not the subject of this book as they are already the subject of a previously published book.
This book discusses biomethane and the processes and applications downstream from biogas production. Biogas is a result of anaerobic digestion of agricultural or general household waste, such as manure, plants or food waste, and as such is considered a renewable energy source. Biomethane is a gas that results from any process that improves the quality of biogas by reducing the levels of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, moisture and other contaminant gases. Chemically, biomethane is the same as methane, and its name refers to the method of production rather than the content. Biomethane plants are generally found in locations with a low population density that are close to farms or food processing plants. In situations where there is no natural gas pipeline nearby, biomethane downstream applications can include storage, transportation, home heating, industrial use and distribution through small-scale local gas grids. This book discusses each of these applications and lists some of the design criteria as well as various issues relating to them.
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