Prem Jose Vazhacahrickal's Books

Isolation of keratin degrading microorganisms from poultry waste: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Aswathi M.V

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Isolation of keratin degrading microorganisms from poultry waste: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Aswathi M.V

Keratin is an insoluble protein macromolecule with high stability and low degradation rate the keratinase enzyme degrade keratin the present study deals with isolation and identification and optimization of feather degrading bacterium. After the identification, analyzed the keratin degradation by crushed feather as a substrate of the media. The colony showed were keratinase production was identifies as Bacillus sp as per Bergey’s manual method. The isolated organism shows keratin degrading property. The maximum degrading property shows at pH 9. The minimum degrading activity shows at pH 6.

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1980832056

ISBN 13

9781980832058

Isolation, characterization and evaluation of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from contaminated soils in Kerala

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Robin Baby K,Bristo Eldhose

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Isolation, characterization and evaluation of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria from contaminated soils in Kerala

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Robin Baby K,Bristo Eldhose

Petroleum refineries around the world have generated solid wastes during refining process and stocking of crude oil. This leads to critical effects in the environment. Thus remediation of these hydrocarbons by natural decontamination is of at most importance. Bioremediation is a non-invasive and cost effective technique for the clean-up of these petroleum hydrocarbons. In this study I have investigated the ability of microorganism present in the soil sample collected from petroleum contaminated area of Kalady, Kerala, to degrade the hydrocarbons. The soil samples collected were initially screened for diesel degraders by culturing isolates in BH media with diesel as carbon and energy source . The diesel oil degraders were identified as bacillus and pseudomonas based on the morphological and biochemical studies The ability of these microorganisms to grow by using diesel as carbon source were analysed by culturing them in BHMS broth and evaluating their growth colourimetrically

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1980955042

ISBN 13

9781980955047

Biosorption of heavy metals by free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis isolated from garden soils

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Soniya Mathew

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Biosorption of heavy metals by free and immobilized cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis isolated from garden soils

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Soniya Mathew

Human populations need methods and technologies to clean waters and diminish the environmental dangers related to technological progress. Biosorption can be one such solution to clean up metal contamination. In the present study P.aeruginosa and B.subtilis was isolated from rhizosphere soil by serial dilution and plate count technique. Both free and immobilized form of isolates were tested for the biosorption of chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), iron (Fe) and copper (Cu). Both the strains were able to remove metal from solutions. Free cells of B.subtilis and P.aeruginosa showed maximum iron removal 86.6% and 92.2% respectively. Free cells of B.subtilis is better in chromium removal (92%) that P.aeruginosa. and B.subtilis was equally effective in the removal of copper (98.1%). Maximum microorganism removal was observed with immobilized cells of B.subtilis; 87.5%. agitation increases the rate of biosorption when compared to static condition. The experiments were also conducted at 37°C and showed slight increase in the rate of biosorption. Microbial metal bioremediation is an efficient strategy due to its low cost, high efficiency and eco-friendly nature. This work summarize the potential of micros in metals remediation.

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1980943540

ISBN 13

9781980943549

Production and optimization of extracellular lipase by Bacillus subtilis using submerged fermentation

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Feba Eldhose,Dinu Mathew

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Production and optimization of extracellular lipase by Bacillus subtilis using submerged fermentation

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Feba Eldhose,Dinu Mathew

Lipase is an extracellular enzyme in food industry and is produced by different microbial and fungal sources by submerged and solid state fermentation process. In the present study, Bacillus subtilis was employed for the production of lipase in peptone broth with olive oil as inducer. Maximum lipase production was observed at 96 hours of incubation and NH4Cl (40.75 U/ml) as salt and peptone (24U/ml) as nitrogen source and olive oil (24 U/ml) as inducer. The results of the present study demonstrate that Bacillus subtilis is ideal for extracellular production at industrial level.

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1980808023

ISBN 13

9781980808022

Evaluation of anti-microbial and anti-oxidant and phytochemical activity of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl against wound infections

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Athira Vasanthan

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Evaluation of anti-microbial and anti-oxidant and phytochemical activity of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl against wound infections

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Athira Vasanthan

Medicinal plants have bioactive compounds which are used for various human disease and also an important role in wound healing. The present study is to investigate about the Antimicrobial, phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Eupatorium triplinerve Vahl. The extracts are studied against human wound and burn pathogenic bacterial stains. E. coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter species. From the phytochemical study is shows the presence of steroids, glycosides, tannins, phenols, saponins and flavonoids. Plant extracts compounds were separated by thin layer chromatography and identification based on Rf values. The presence of vitamin C play and important role of antioxidants.

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1717830021

ISBN 13

9781717830029

Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Nissy Mary Joseph,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E Sreejith,M Sabu

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Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles from plant extracts and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Nissy Mary Joseph,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E Sreejith,M Sabu

Soil borne diseases which are caused to various plants include a wide variety of soil microbes like fungi and bacteria, among which Fusarium wilt is one such disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum cubense in banana plants. Wilt disease or the panama disease of plant is among the most destructive disease of banana in the tropics and even the control methods like field sanitation, soil treatments and crop rotations have not been a long term control for this disease. An alternative method of treating Fusarium oxysporum was adopted by using various natural plant leaves of Chromolaena odorata, Justicia adhatoda, Glycosmis pentaphylla, Azadirachta indica, Gliricidia sepium, Piper nigrum, Ocimum tenuiflorum and Tabernaemontana divaricate. Nanoparticles are small particles with a dimension of 10-9 and 10-10. Green synthesis is a new method developed for the synthesis of nanoparticles which is small in size, large surface area and eco- friendly. Leaf extracts of these plants were used for synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles, as nanoparticles are powerful antimicrobial agents. The extract is prepared with a stock solution of 100mM copper sulphate and 100mM zinc sulphate. The leaf extracts were prepared with 5 solvents (Distilled water, Propane, Hexane, Acetone and Methanol). The action of plant leaves were observed by the zone of inhibition obtained with a concentration of 50, 100 and 150µl respectively. The result was more in copper nanoparticles of leaf extract as compared to the zinc nanoparticles of particular leaf extracts but the zinc particles with methanol and propane showed good result with particular leaves. In dried condition of leaves copper nanoparticles with propane as solvent exhibited a greater zone of inhibition. Moreover the solvent, methanol showed good results with both zinc and copper nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticle were characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry to confirm the formation of nanoparticles. Green synthesis is used namely because of low cost, simple, use of less toxic materials, most important is eco-friendly.

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141

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Amazon Publishers, USA

Published Date

ISBN 10

1095343858

ISBN 13

9781095343852

Antibacterial and phytochemical activity of Justicia adhatoda: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Sukanya N. S,Christy Joy

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Antibacterial and phytochemical activity of Justicia adhatoda: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Sukanya N. S,Christy Joy

Justicia adhatoda is a natural plant with lot of medicinal properties. To evaluate the strength of antimicrobial effectiveness of the ethanolic extract of Justica adhatoda, Muller-Hinton agar was used as the base medium for screening of antibacterial activity and antibiotic sensitivity test. Four bacterial strains are used; Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotic sensitivity is based on disc diffusion method. The Pseudomonas species shows higher activity. It is a multi-drug resistance in human and animal pathogenic bacteria. This is less expensive, safe and an effective natural extract.

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1717829872

ISBN 13

9781717829870

Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Aerva lanta against respiratory and urinary tract infection organisms

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Saritha S Janardhanan

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Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Aerva lanta against respiratory and urinary tract infection organisms

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Saritha S Janardhanan

In the traditional system of medicine, the plant is being used as diuretic and anthelmintic, antidiabetic, expectorant and in the treatment of lithiasis. The plant is used for arresting haemorrhage during pregnancy, burn healing, as an anti-inflammatory, headache, skin diseases to dissolve kidney and gall bladder stones. Bacterial pathogens have evolved numerous defence mechanism against antimicrobial agents hence resistance to old and newly produced drugs is on the rise. The phenomenon of antibiotic resistance exhibited by the pathogenic minor has led to the need for screening of several medicinal plants for their potential antimicrobial activity. In the present study various extracts Aerva lanata were tested against pathogens of UTI & RTI (Staphylococus aureus, Pseudomonas sp, E. coli, Klebsiella sp.) Among the organism tested Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli showed the maximum clear zone with Aqueous extract followed by the Pseudomonas sp, Klebsiella sp, phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sterols, saponins, glycosides phenols and resins. The phytochemicals were separated by paper chromatography and identification based on Rf valves. Antioxidant array was also carried out and found to possess antioxidant potential. This study will aim the clinician to prescribe adequate treatment for urinary tract and respiratory tract infections.

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1982985402

ISBN 13

9781982985400

Single cell protein production using Aspergillus niger employing beet root peel extract

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Leeba Benny,Mahima Manikandan

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Single cell protein production using Aspergillus niger employing beet root peel extract

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Leeba Benny,Mahima Manikandan

Increasing concern about pollution that occur from agriculture wastes has stimulated the interest in converting waste material into commercially valuable products. The vegetables wastes can be used as substrate for the production of high nutritious products like single cell protein. Vegetable extract was prepared by using beetroot peels as substrate. The carbohydrate and protein content of the extract was estimated. Three different media was prepared by using vegetable extract (media 1- supplemented vegetable hydrolysate, media 2- glucose supplemented vegetable hydrolysate , media 3- vegetable hydrolysate). Submerged fermentation was carried out at three days intervals, for all the three media Aspergillus niger for the production of single cell protein. In all the three intervals, media 2 (glucose supplemented vegetable hydrolysate) contained highest protein content and among the intervals carbohydrate content of the three media was also determined.

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1982988452

ISBN 13

9781982988456

Comparative study on the bioethanol production of microorganisms using the pseudostem of banana

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Sruthy K. B,Akhilamol Rajendran

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Comparative study on the bioethanol production of microorganisms using the pseudostem of banana

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Sruthy K. B,Akhilamol Rajendran

India is among the largest banana producing countries and thus banana pseudostem is commonly available agricultural waste to be used as lignocellulosic substrate. Present study focuses on exploitation of banana pseudostem as a source for bioethanol production. In this experiment, we have used three different microorganisms, S. cerevisiae, E. coli and C. albicans, these were found to be better for ethanol production. Substrates were enzymatically saccharified by the inoculation of isolated microorganism for the production of ethanol. Optimal pH and temperature for better yield of ethanol were 5.6 to 6.5 and room temperature respectively. Autoclave pre-treatment protected the samples from contamination and increased volume of ethanol. The total sugar content and ethanol yield in the fermentation was estimated during the period (1 day interval) of fermentation and concluded that amount of total sugar content gradually decreased due to the microbial utilization( as energy source), when ethanol content increases.

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1980952450

ISBN 13

9781980952459

Evaluation of anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory action of castor and papaya seed extracts against Staphylococcus aureus

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Ravathy Krishna

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Evaluation of anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory action of castor and papaya seed extracts against Staphylococcus aureus

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Ravathy Krishna

The study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory efficiency of aqueous extract of dried papaya and castor seeds, which are known to possess various therapeutic properties and economical applications. Microtiter Plate Assay method was used to find out antimicrobial analysis. The aqueous extract has a good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and the inhibitory percentage for papaya and castor are 79.9% and 85% respectively with the maximum concentration used in this. The anti-inflammatory action is done by HRBC Membrane Stabilization Assay and papaya and castor seed extract showed 56% and 46% inhibition with the maximum concentration used in this. Thus the seeds can be suggested us the preventive agents in diseases and conditions like cancer, edema, tumour, diabetics, anti-viral, cardiovascular diseases, neuro- degenerative diseases to certain extent.

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Published Date

ISBN 10

1717831672

ISBN 13

9781717831675

Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Private and Public Sector Banks in Kerala: A Comparative Study

By: Laly Antoney,Prem Jose Vazhacharickal

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Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in Private and Public Sector Banks in Kerala: A Comparative Study

By: Laly Antoney,Prem Jose Vazhacharickal

Quality and satisfaction are the key indicators of corporate competitiveness. Measurement of customer satisfaction based on the service quality is to be done independently and objectively to establish baseline for improvements in service delivery. Assessing customer satisfaction periodically allows bank management and policy makers to identify customers’ needs, expectations, perception and the perception- expectation gaps. The current study covers a comparative analysis of service quality and customer satisfaction among the customers of public and private sector commercial banks in Kerala. The research questions that are addressed in this study are on expectations and perceptions of retail customers from their preferred banks, relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction and the difference between the satisfaction level among private and public- sector banks in Kerala. In order to answer the above research questions, the problem is stated as “Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction- a Comparative Study between Public Sector and Private Sector Banks of Kerala.” A descriptive and analytical research was carried out by collecting responses from customers of three prominent banks from private and public sector each. This was done through an online structured questionnaire based on SERVQUAL model during July 2015 to July 2016, prior to SBI consolidation. Primary data is analysed using SPSS (V.21). Kolmogorov- Smirnov Test for the Normality is used to ensure normality of data distribution, Cronbach Alpha coefficient is used to measure reliability and validity is tested with the panel of experts. Mean, S.D. percentage, cross tabulation are used for descriptive and univariate analysis. Structural Equation Modelling, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and regression path analysis are used to conduct inferential and multivariate analysis. Z-test, Independent T-Test, Chi-Square, ANOVA Pearson Correlation, and post hoc tests are used for testing of hypothesis and comparative analysis. Modelling is done using Structural Equation Modelling approach and Path Analysis. The study reveals that the antecedents of customer satisfaction of retail banking customers of Kerala are reliability, assurance, empathy and tangibles. Responsiveness dimension do not affect customer satisfaction of banks in Kerala. There exists a gap between expected service quality and perceived service quality. Study reveals that there is significant positive correlation between service quality and customer satisfaction in the retail commercial banking services in Kerala. The level of customer satisfaction in public sector banks and private sector banks are not significantly different but same. Similarly, it is also found that, there is no significant difference in the customer satisfaction between sample banks like State Bank of India, State Bank of Travancore, Canara Bank, from public sector and Federal bank, South Indian bank and ICICI bank from private sector.

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314

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Prem Jose

ISBN 10

1711053279

ISBN 13

9781711053271

Novel and innovative techniques in Meliponiculture in Kerala. The current status of knowledge

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajan Jose K

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Novel and innovative techniques in Meliponiculture in Kerala. The current status of knowledge

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajan Jose K

Scientific Study from the year 2016 in the subject Biology - Zoology, Mar Augusthinose College, language: English, abstract: Stingless bees are highly social insects which populated the tropical earth 65 million years ago longer than honey bees. They are limited to tropics and subtropics lacking venom apparatus and cannot sting. A little is reported so far about the domestication of the Trigona iridipennis Smith as well as the aspects of Meliponiculture in Kerala. Based on this back ground, the objectives of this study were to 1) characterize the various Meliponiculture techniques and management practices 2) the new techniques evolved for Meliponiculture practices and management as well as value addition of stingless bee products. Hundred and twenty farmers across Kerala engaged in Meliponiculture were interviewed and their Meliponiculture practices were observed and recorded. A questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the farmers to learn their depth of knowledge in stingless bee keeping techniques and to study the current status of Meliponiculture. In earthen bowl and coconut shell methods it is very advantageous to collect honey without causing any disturbance to the brood chamber that is at the bottom. In PVC pipe and coconut shell the colony often desert in summer due to high temperature. Even though the bamboo nodes are good, they are found to degenerate after a few years through the attack of wood borers. Stingless bee rearing is an important activity as it helps pollination and provides honey for various purposes. The bottle neck for Meliponiculture includes availability of colonies to start with, better techniques for colony capture, colony multiplication, honey extraction, processing and marketing. This study highlights the various drawbacks and flaws of traditional Meliponiculture in Kerala, which could be rectified using improved scientific management practices and tools. If correctly informed disseminated these techniques could be utilized by tribal, woman, old aged people and even children to fetch an extra income and also to serve the high demand of stingless bee honey and help to maintain the rich biodiversity of Kerala.

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GRIN Verlag

Published Date

ISBN 10

366838004X

ISBN 13

9783668380042

Health aspects and food safety in urban and peri-urban agricultural production in India. Farms and railway gardens across the Mumbai Metropolitan Region

By: Prem Jose Vazhacahrickal,Jiby John Mathew,Sajeshkumar N.K.

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Health aspects and food safety in urban and peri-urban agricultural production in India. Farms and railway gardens across the Mumbai Metropolitan Region

By: Prem Jose Vazhacahrickal,Jiby John Mathew,Sajeshkumar N.K.

Scientific Study from the year 2016 in the subject Agrarian Studies, Mar Augusthinose College (Mar Augusthinose College), course: Biotechnology, language: English, abstract: Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) provide a significant role in ensuring urban food security, income generation and livelihood strategies and supports Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Quantitative data about the phytoavailability and food chain transfer of heavy metals in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) is scarce. This study was conducted to characterize the elemental and heavy metal transfer among major UPA production systems (farms and railway gardens), in MMR eliciting the soil to root translocation as well as its localization in produce. It comprises a detailed two year onsite examination of three farms (F1-3) and three railway gardens (RG1-3) across MMR. Potential risk assessments were conducted by metal transfer factor (MTF), metal translocation (TF), daily intake of metals (DIM), health risk index (HRI), average daily dose (ADD) and target hazard quotient (THQ) as well as total metal and element content in comparison with different safety standards. Copper concentration in soils ranged from 29.7 - 545.1 mg kg-1, with highest and lowest concentrations observed at RG3 and RG2 respectively. The shoots of white radish accumulated Sr concentrations up to 424.1 mg kg-1 at RG2. Strontium had a TF up to 32.25 in comparison with Co, Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr with a maximum of 5.93, 5.32, 3.41, 1.71 and 1.47 respectively. Average daily dose of Zn was between 1.3 × 10-1 and 3.6 × 10-1 mg kg-1 d-1 while Ni had a daily dose of between 4.6 × 10-2 and 7.4 × 10-2 mg kg-1 d-1. The estimated values of ADD were below the world standard levels except for Zn and Ni, there is a relative absence of health risk imposed by the ingestion of these vegetables produced in UPA systems in MMR.

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GRIN Verlag

Published Date

ISBN 10

366834793X

ISBN 13

9783668347939

Characterization and nutritional analysis of commonly cultivated banana varieties in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Eldho Mathews Boby ,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E Sreejth,M. Sabu

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Characterization and nutritional analysis of commonly cultivated banana varieties in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Eldho Mathews Boby ,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E Sreejth,M. Sabu

Banana is one of the most common and widely used food all over the universe from ancient time. In this work mainly the nutrition analysis of various commonly cultivated banana varieties in Kerala has been used such as Najalipoovan, Poovan, Etha, Palenkodan, Robesta, Chemkadali, Pachakadhali, Sundari and Kannan. The peel contain about 40% of weight of banana fruit it's nutrition analysis is been also done to analyse various contents of significance. Further there is chance of occurrence of nutrients in peel since banana fruit is rich in various nutrients. And the peel of banana ,a biomass just discarded into nature can thus be converted to various value added products like drugs, soaps, animal feed etc. It is been observed that these peel is source of various natural antioxidants, dietary fibre, crude fat and crude protein. On analysis Pachakadali fruit has highest moisture content and moisture content of peel is highest for Etha. Crude protein content of fruit and peel is highest for Kannan. Crude fibre content of fruit is highest for Kannan and crude protein content of peel is highest for Sundari. Ether extract in fruit and peel is highest for Kannan. Total ash content of fruit is highest for Kannan and ash content of peel is more for Pachakadali. Gross energy of fruit is highest in case of Najalipoovan fruit and gross energy of peel is highest for Robesta. On comparing these varieties on the basis of test result Kannan is the most superior variety on the basis of nutritional quality. Further on analysing test results it has been found that the peel has superior nutrient and moisture content. So from the analysis it is revealed that one of the most useful part of a banana is it's peel. By the above analysis one can easily understand importance of many varieties of banana and further detailed researches can extend the scope of study.

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Amazon Publishers, USA

ISBN 10

1070738328

ISBN 13

9781070738321

Morphological characterization and nutritional analysis (leaf and pseudostem) of selected banana varieties in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Ninu Maria James,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

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Morphological characterization and nutritional analysis (leaf and pseudostem) of selected banana varieties in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Ninu Maria James,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

Banana is an important fruit grown and consumed in tropics and sub tropic regions. It is the edible fruit usually seedless which can be grown in any climatic condition. It is rich in carbohydrates, fat, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water. A comparative study between 10 different Musa sp. in Kerala was conducted to study the various morphological characteristics. Each of the banana plant differ from each other on the basics of its height, length, colour, pseudostem, leaf, flower bud and fruit. The nutritional components such as moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and total ash of pseudostem and leaf of selected varieties of Musa were analysed. For this pseudostem and leaf of 4 different varieties were selected and tested. The test was based on the AOAC method. The result shows that the crude fibre content of pseudostem and leaf is high with certain nutritive value.

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Amazon Publishers, USA

ISBN 10

1070898279

ISBN 13

9781070898278

Synthesis of nanoparticles (Ag, Cu and Zn) from Glycosmis pentaphylla, Macaranga peltata, Emilia sonchifolia, Tabernaemontana divericata and Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves extract

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sruthi S Nair

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Synthesis of nanoparticles (Ag, Cu and Zn) from Glycosmis pentaphylla, Macaranga peltata, Emilia sonchifolia, Tabernaemontana divericata and Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves extract

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sruthi S Nair

Nanoparticles are particles with dimension on the range 10-9 and 10-10. Green synthesis is the new method developed for the synthesis of nanoparticles which is small in size, large surface area and eco-friendly. In India plant and tree leafs are used as medicine for the treatment of various diseases. They are rich source of antimicrobial agents. Silver, copper and zinc nanoparticles are synthesised from the leaf extract of different plants. Leaf extracts of Glycosmis pentaphylla (Pannal), Macaranga peltata (Vatta), Emilia sonchifolia (Muyal cheviyan), Tabernaemontana divericata (Nandhiar vattam) and Clerodendrum infortunatum (Peravam) are used for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Leaf extract is added to the prepared stock solution of1mM silver nitrate, 100mM copper sulphate and100mM zinc sulphate. Synthesised nanoparticles were characterized by UV-VIS spectrophotometry to confirm the formation of nanoparticles. Anti-bacterial are used to treats bacterial infections. The leaf extract and silver nitrate, copper sulphate, zinc sulphate has antibacterial activity. The antibacterial activity of synthesised nanoparticle is determined using agar well diffusion method. The synthesised nanoparticles exhibit anti- bacterial activity by inhibiting the growth of gram negative and gram positive bacteria.

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ISBN 10

1983159476

ISBN 13

9781983159473

Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles using different varieties of banana starch, latex and sap and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Ellamplackill Surya Santhosh ,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

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Green synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles using different varieties of banana starch, latex and sap and evaluation of their antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum cubense

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Ellamplackill Surya Santhosh ,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

Soil borne diseases which are caused to various plants include a wide variety of soil microbes like fungi and bacteria, among which Fusarium wilt is one such disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum cubense in banana plants. Wilt disease or the panama disease of plant is among the most destructive disease of banana in the tropics and even the control methods like field sanitation, soil treatments and crop rotations have not been a long term control for this disease. An alternative method of treating Fusarium oxysporum was adopted by using various banana parts mainly its peel, pulp sap and its latex of varieties such as Robusta (B1) Musa acuminate Colla (AAA), Etha (B2) Musa x paradisiaca (AAB), Poovan (B3) Musa x paradisiaca (AAB), Sundari (B4) Musa acuminate Colla (AA), Njalipoovan (B5) Musa acuminate Colla (AB), Palayamkodan (B6) Musa x paradisiaca (AAB), Kannan (B8) Musa acuminate Colla (AAA), Pachakadali (B9) Musa acuminate Colla (AAA). Nanoparticles are small particles with a dimension of 10-9 and 10-10. Green synthesis is a new method developed for the synthesis of nanoparticles which is small in size, large surface area and eco- friendly. Leaf extracts of these plants were used for synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles, as nanoparticles are powerful antimicrobial agents. The results shows that dry skin and fruit extracts of Palemkodan, Njalipoovan, Etha, Pachakhadali with solvents, propane, ethanol, methanol and acetone and the fresh extract latex and sap of Palemkodan and Poovan with solvents isoproponol, ethanol, methanol with 1/10 and 1/50 dilution are used for the synthesis of copper and zinc nanoparticles. Copper and zinc nanoparticle shows greater antifungal activity than copper sulphate and zinc sulphate, respectively and dry extract. The maximum zone of inhibition was at 50 and 100 µl for all the test plates. This indicates that the zone of inhibition increases with as the concentration of nanoparticles increased. An overall result showed that ethanol, methanol and isoropane could be used as a good solvents and skin of Njalipoovan and Etha could be used for controlling the Fusarium oxysporum cubense under invitro conditions.

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299

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Amazon Publishers, USA

ISBN 10

1089128673

ISBN 13

9781089128670

Synthesis of silver, copper and zinc nanoparticles from Carica papaya, Annona muricata, Passiflora edulis, Cycas circinalis, Pouteria campechiana seeds and evaluation of their antibacterial activity

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Jismon Thomas

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Synthesis of silver, copper and zinc nanoparticles from Carica papaya, Annona muricata, Passiflora edulis, Cycas circinalis, Pouteria campechiana seeds and evaluation of their antibacterial activity

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Jismon Thomas

Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science. It has increased applications in diverse area for the development of new materials at nanoscale levels. Synthesis of nanoparticles using biological methods is referred as greener synthesis of nanoparticles. Seed extracts of papaya (Carica papaya), Mullatha (Annona muricata), Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), Eenth (Cycas circinalis), Egg fruit (Pouteria campechiana) are used for the synthesis of silver, copper, and zinc nanoparticles. These plants have medicinal as well as antibacterial activity. Nanoparticles prepared from these seed extracts have antibacterial activity. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by UV-VIS Spectrophotometry. Silver nanoparticles shows maximum peak at 385 nm. Copper nanoparticles shows maximum peak at 680 nm. Zinc nanoparticles shows maximum peak at 350 nm. Synthesized silver, copper and zinc nanoparticles shows antibacterial activity against Salmonella species, Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus species, E. coli and Klebsiella species. Antimicrobial assay was performed by agar well diffusion method using Muller Hinton agar media. when antibacterial activity of silver, copper and zinc nanoparticles from 3 different concentrations were observed, nanoparticles have 60 µl concentration shows maximum activity against these microbes. Silver nanoparticles shows greater antibacterial activity compared to silver nitrate and seed extract. Copper nanoparticles shows greater antibacterial activity compared to copper Sulphate and seed extract. Zinc nanoparticles shows greater antibacterial activity compared to zinc Sulphate and seed extract. Maximum zone of inhibition was at 60 µl for all the bacterial cultures. This green synthesis method is alternative to chemical method, since it is cheap, pollutant free and eco-friendly.

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ISBN 10

1983152307

ISBN 13

9781983152306

Wine production from vegetables and preliminary component analysis: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Rathi C.R,Syamjith Reji,Jiby John Mathew,Sajeshkumar N.K

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Wine production from vegetables and preliminary component analysis: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Rathi C.R,Syamjith Reji,Jiby John Mathew,Sajeshkumar N.K

Wine is psychoactive drug commonly used for its intoxicating effects typically made of fermented juice of fruits. The leafy vegetables also called protherbs, greens, salad greens, plant leaves eaten as a vegetable, accompanied by tender petioles and shoots. They come from a very wide variety of plants, share a great deal with other leaf vegetables in nutrition and cooking methods. Leaf vegetables are typically low in calories and fat and high in protein per calorie, dietary fibre, vitamin C, pro vitamin A carotenoids, folate, manganese and vitamin K. In this study the process of fermentation of leafy vegetable extract is mixed with the spices like cardamom, star anise, nutmeg for increasing the quality and microbial property. The fermented wines are then analysed for acetic acid test, tartaric acid test, estimation of alcohol content by boiling method and estimation of tannin content. The fermented wine is early contaminated with common bacteria like Lactobacillus and Acetobacter. An antibacterial test is also done with leaf vegetable wine. This test proved that the three spices cardamom, star anise, nutmeg has the antibacterial property against Lactobacillus and Acetobacter and helps to increase the quality and medicinal value.

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ISBN 10

1709797835

ISBN 13

9781709797835

Morphological characterization of edible banana varieties in Kerala (including germplasm collection) and male flower nutritional analysis of selected varieties: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Jackson Jose,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

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Morphological characterization of edible banana varieties in Kerala (including germplasm collection) and male flower nutritional analysis of selected varieties: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Jackson Jose,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

Banana (Musa) is a fruit bearing plant belongs to the Musaceae family and mainly cultivated fir it’s fruit, which is used as a nutritionally rich food item. The banana male bud is also used as a food item due to its high nutritional content. The different banana variety are found which differ in size, shape, appearance, fruit, nutritional value etc. The banana is mainly used as a food item in major part of the world. The value added products can be developed from the fruit. Because of the high protein, fibre, and vitamin content the bananas are widely used The morphological analysis of different variety help us to understand the difference between the 25 varieties in terms of size, shape, appearance and other internal features. The nutritional analysis of the banana male flower includes the proximate composition includes the estimation of dry matter, moister content, estimation of crude protein, estimation of crude fibre, estimation of crude ash and insoluble ash, ether extract and gross energy analysis. From the proximate analysis, we identified that the Palayamkudan male flower contain a huge deposit of crude fibre and crude protein in it. The sample of Nyalipoovan male flower have comparatively low crude fibre content, the gross energy is high in the Nyalipoovan sample.

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121

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Amazon Publishers, USA

ISBN 10

1071150367

ISBN 13

9781071150368

Comparative study using banana pseudostem and leaf vein as substrates for amylase production using Aspergillus niger in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Jiby John Mathew,Asish Issac Mathew,Sajeshkumar N.K,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

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Comparative study using banana pseudostem and leaf vein as substrates for amylase production using Aspergillus niger in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Jiby John Mathew,Asish Issac Mathew,Sajeshkumar N.K,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

Solid state fermentation holds tremendous potentials for the production of the enzyme amylase by Aspergillus niger. Different solid substrates like banana pseudo-stem and leaf vein are rich in starch. These agro-industrial residues are cheap raw materials for amylase production. Aspergillus niger isolated from the bread was identified to be the best producer of amylase. When A. niger was incubated for 10 days at 37°C on pseudo-stem and leaf vein of locally available banana varieties like Ethan, Poovan, Palayamkodan and Kaali, as substrate in solid state fermentation. It showed high yield of amylase in Ethan leaf vein, followed by Palayankodan vein. All other substrate also showed moderate amount of amylase production.

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Amazon Publishers, USA

ISBN 10

1072874326

ISBN 13

9781072874324

Phytochemical and anti-diabetic activities of different plant part extracts among black pepper (Piper nigrum) varieties in comparison with Piper longum and Piper betel

An overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,Annie Babu

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Phytochemical and anti-diabetic activities of different plant part extracts among black pepper (Piper nigrum) varieties in comparison with Piper longum and Piper betel

An overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,Annie Babu

Scientific Study from the year 2017 in the subject Chemistry - Bio-chemistry, grade: 1.5, Mar Augusthinose College, course: Biotechnology, language: English, abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a clinical metabolic syndrome, which has been resulted from the malfunction or insufficiency of insulin production. Diabetes is the major threat to the people in developing and developed country. Prolonged diabetic condition can affect organs and synthetic drug if consumed by the patient can cause side-effects and impaired immune system. The synthetic medicine used for the treatment of diabetes is usually costlier, create side-effects and do not ensure complete recovery from the disorder but on the other hand, medicinal plants create a great impact in the human immune system. The medicinal plant produces a variety of chemical substances which shows significant therapeutic properties. This study highlights the potential anti-diabetic significance and phytochemical activity of different varieties Piper nigrum (Black pepper) and different strategies used for the assessment of these activities. The piperaceae family consist of 12 genera and more than 1400 species and is one of the largest families and widely distributed across the tropical and sub-tropical regions and over the high ranges of Andes and Sub Himalayas. Piper species naturally have multi-dimensional affect on various parts of the body often mentioned as antipyretic, diuretic, aphrodisiac, immune- stimulant and antioxidant, hepatoprotective, digestive, antiseptic and anti-diabetic. Phytochemical analysis of Methanol and Petroleum -ether extracts was carried out and different plant parts were collected from different districts across Kerala. Phytochemical which is identified from Piper nigrum present an exciting opportunity for the development of new type of therapeutics for diabetes mellitus. Some anti-diabetic plants exert their action by stimulating the function or number of beta cells and thus increasing insulin production with least side effects. Further investigations are required and more attention should be drawn to explore the biological activity of hundreds of traditionally used plants. Both in-vivo and in-vitro assessment is necessary for the assessment of anti-diabetic properties from the natural resources.

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GRIN Verlag

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ISBN 10

3668476233

ISBN 13

9783668476233

Synthesis of nanoparticles (Ag, Cu and Zn) from plant latex (Colocasia esculenta; Ficus exasperata; Hevea brasilliensis; Musa paradisiaca; Croton variegatum) and evaluation of antibacterial activity

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Meera Krishnan

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Synthesis of nanoparticles (Ag, Cu and Zn) from plant latex (Colocasia esculenta; Ficus exasperata; Hevea brasilliensis; Musa paradisiaca; Croton variegatum) and evaluation of antibacterial activity

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Meera Krishnan

Nanotechnology is the field of study of materials at nanoscale. It involves the production, manipulation, and use of materials ranging in size from less than one micron to that of individual atoms from not only chemical approaches but also biological materials. Silver, Copper and Zinc nanoparticles were successfully synthesised from Silver nitrate, Copper sulphate and Zinc sulphate respectively through a simple green and natural route using latex of 5 different plant taxa. Nanoparticle formation was proved by UV-vis spectroscopy. The antimicrobial well diffusion method used was give information about the antibacterial activity of latex nanoparticles towards 5 different bacterial species by measuring the zone of inhibition. The use of two dilutions of latex solution was used for the comparative study of zone of inhibition. As nanoparticles have great application in medical world like gene therapy, cancer therapy, drug delivery, etc. So medical world also accept the plant world for nanoparticle synthesis and mainly welcome the angiosperms for their potentiality of synthesis of non-polluted, environmentally acceptable, safety for human health nanoparticles.

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ISBN 10

1983169862

ISBN 13

9781983169861

Nutritional analysis of different plant parts among black pepper (Piper nigrum) varieties in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,K.R Anilakumar,Deepthi James

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Nutritional analysis of different plant parts among black pepper (Piper nigrum) varieties in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,K.R Anilakumar,Deepthi James

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) the flowering wine belongs to the family piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as spice and seasoning. The black pepper high variability was also noticed for yield contributing characters like runner shoot production, holding capacity, adventitious root production, lateral branch habit, spike length, number of spikes per lateral branch, fruit set, dry weight. Pharmacological, toxicological, clinical applications and general uses of pepper are bioavailability enhancement, carminative, anti-cancer, natural antioxidant, black pepper as an anti-Inflammatory drug, cholesterol lowering and Immune enhancer, anti-pyretic, anti-periodic and rubefacient, black pepper Improves digestion and promotes intestinal health, preservation of the flavour content. Four different pepper varieties in Kerala were selected based on a baseline survey. The proximate composition includes estimation of dry matter and moisture content, estimation of crude protein, estimation of crude fibre, estimation of crude ash and insoluble ash, ether extract, determination of dietary fibre, gross energy, analysis of component of different varieties of Piper nigrum were determined. The sample Munthirimunda fruit has high moisture content. The sample Chengannor leaf has high dry matter content. The sample Chenganoor leaf has high crude protein content. The sample Panniyor leaf has high crude fibre content. Ether Extract is high in sample Chenganoor leaf. The sample Munthirimunda leaf has high comparatively high Total Ash content. Gross Energy is high in sample Panniyor fruit. A wide gap in the nutritional properties of Piper nigrum varieties exist in Kerala which could be further explored.

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ISBN 10

1973354349

ISBN 13

9781973354345

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Stingless bee (Trigona iridipennis Smith) honey and evaluation of their antibacterial activity

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Anand Joshy,Akshay Hari

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Stingless bee (Trigona iridipennis Smith) honey and evaluation of their antibacterial activity

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Anand Joshy,Akshay Hari

Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science. It has increased applications in diverse area for the development of new materials at nanoscale levels. Synthesis of nanoparticles using biological methods is referred as greener synthesis of nanoparticles. Green synthesis provides advancement over chemical and physical method as it is cost effective, environment friendly, and safe for human therapeutic use. Stingless bees are highly social (eusocial) insects which populated the tropical earth 65 million years ago longer than honey bees. Among the most common uses of stingless bee honey are to treat stomach disturbance, cough, tonsillitis, sore throat, stomach and intestinal ulcers, cold, disease of the mouth, mucus membrane, and as a wound dressing due to its antimicrobial activity. Stingless bees honey were used to for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Antimicrobial activity of the green synthesised nanoparticles were tested used agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results showed that stingless bee honey could be effectively used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle. The synthesized silver nanoparticles shows antibacterial activity on both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. This biosynthesis of nanoparticles is cost efficient, pollutant free and simpler to synthesize.

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ISBN 10

1795734906

ISBN 13

9781795734905

Morphological characterization of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) varieties in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Anu Augustine

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Morphological characterization of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) varieties in Kerala: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Anu Augustine

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) is the seventh most important food crop among the root and tuber crops grown in the world which is widely cultivated in tropic, sub tropic and warmer temperate regions. A wide variation exists among sweet potato varieties. The molecular markers Is an important genetic diversity analysis tool for enhancing duplicates identification. The samples were collected based on an elaborative iterative survey as well as traditional knowledge from local people. Thirteen different varieties Ipomoea batatas Lam. varieties (Kuravanpady 1, Kuravanpady 2, Jellipara 1, Jellipara 2, Kottathara, Kadanadu, Kanaka, Aruna, Kanjagad, Cherukizhangu 1, Cherukizhangu 2, Thodupuzha. Palakkad) were used for morphological characterization. Morphological data were collected 60 days after planting based on the descriptors for sweet potato (IBPGR, 1991) in all the 13 samples. The variable scored were twining, plant type, ground cover, vine inter node, vine pigmentation, vine tip pubescence, mature leaf shape, mature leaf size, abaxial leaf vein pigmentation, foliage colour, petiole length, petiole pigmentation, storage root and skin colour. Molecular characterization could be more effectively used in screening varieties among sweet potatoes if coupled with other molecular markers especially ISSR, matK and rbcL markers.

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Amazon

Published Date

ISBN 10

1973352524

ISBN 13

9781973352525

Role of Information Technology in Flood Disaster Management in Kerala: a Brief Overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Anakha Raju ,Geethu Thomas

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Role of Information Technology in Flood Disaster Management in Kerala: a Brief Overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Anakha Raju ,Geethu Thomas

Flooding may occur as an overflow of water from water bodies, such as a river, lake, or ocean, in which the water overtops or breaks levees, resulting in some of that water escaping its usual boundaries. Kerala state covers an area of 38,863 km2 with a population density of 859 per km2 spread across 14 districts. Beginning on 15 August 2018, severe floods affected the south Indian state of Kerala, due to unusually high rainfall during the monsoon season. It was the worst flooding in Kerala in nearly a century. Kerala received heavy monsoon rainfall, which was about 256% more than the usual rain fall in Kerala, on the mid-evening of August 8, resulting in dams filling to capacity; in the first 24 hours of rainfall the state received 310 mm (12 in) of rain. With the use of sophisticated technologies, it has been easier to manage disasters both natural and man-made. The main objectives of the proposed research work is identify the various aspects of IT which were used efficiently for the flood disaster management during August 2018 in Kerala State. A QuickBird image taken during August 2018 with 0.6 m resolution was downloaded from Google Earth (Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) and landuse maps (Landsat L7 ETM+, USGS) were used to track the flooded area in Kerala State. For the baseline survey, semi-structured questionnaires were prepared covering demographic, socio-economic and characteristics of households, as well as aspects of flood damage to house, property and agricultural production. Information Technology is widely used to save the lives of thousands of flood affected people in the Kerala state during the heavy floods in August 2018. These technologies could be further explored for more efficient flood coordination and disaster management in future.

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ISBN 10

1731469845

ISBN 13

9781731469847

Isolation screening and selection of Aspergillus niger cultures for citric acid fermentation

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Sooraj S Nair

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Isolation screening and selection of Aspergillus niger cultures for citric acid fermentation

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,John Joseph,Sooraj S Nair

The present study deal with the isolation, screening and selection of Aspergillus niger cultures for citric acid fermentation. The organism was isolated from onion and garlic peels which were collected from local market. Pour plate method using Czapak Dos Agar medium was used for isolation. The agar plates were incubated at room temperature for 7 days. Maximum sporulation were obtained and then stored in a refrigerator at 4°C for maintenance and further screening for citric acid fermentation. The cultural conditions and nutritional requirements for citric acid production by the selected culture were optimized in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks by submerged mould culture technique prior to scale up studies in a stirred fermenter. Two types of fermentation were succeeded they are solid and submerged state fermentation. In solid state fermentation basal medium for citric acid production were prepared in 7 conical flasks of about 100 ml each containing 30 g of samples like wastes of apple, pineapple, carrot, beetroot, sugarcane, mosambi and grape and whereas in submerged state fermentation basal medium. The basal medium for citric acid production were prepared in 2 conical flask of about 100 ml each containing 15 ml of samples like date syrup and sugarcane juice were added in 2 conical flasks and 3.5 g of corn flour was also taken in separate flask containing the same amount of basal medium. These samples were then sterilized in an autoclave for 121°C for 15 lbs at 15 mins. These samples were cooled down and were inoculated with Aspergillus niger isolates which were obtained from Czapak Dos Agar medium. These flasks were then kept for incubation at room temperature for further studies. This comparative study of citric acid production in various medium were studied at each intervals up to 14 days of incubation. Pineapple and date syrup have shown an extreme citric acid production when compared to other samples.

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ISBN 10

1549569783

ISBN 13

9781549569784

Studies on genetic relationships among locally cultivated Citrus varieties in Kerala employing matK and rbcL gene using PCR technique and RFLP markers

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajeshkumar N. K.,Jiby John Mathew,Jaina James

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Studies on genetic relationships among locally cultivated Citrus varieties in Kerala employing matK and rbcL gene using PCR technique and RFLP markers

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajeshkumar N. K.,Jiby John Mathew,Jaina James

Scientific Study from the year 2016 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, grade: 1.5, Mar Augusthinose College, language: English, abstract: Citrus, one of the major genes of Rutaceae family and most economically important fruit tree and widely cultivated throughout the country. The Citrus have high nutritional value and medicinal value. The three varieties obtained from various districts in Kerala were used in this study. The phylogenetics is the study of the evolutionary relationships among different species which have common ancestor. These relationships are shown in the form of phylogenetic trees composed of branches which indicate the descendents and nodes which represent the most recent common ancestors. In order to assess the phylogenetic relationships among the 6 samples belongs to the 3 Citrus species (Citrus aurantifolia, Citrus maxima, Citrus limon) a chloroplast gene rbcL and matK was successfully amplified and sequenced. For this study DNA was extracted by using CTAB method. This extracted DNA was analysed by spectrophotometry method for checking purity of DNA.The samples were gel electrophoresed by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis at 80 volts. After electrophoresis the gel is examined in gel documentation system. The DNA band was observed under UV light looking florescent Orangish red colour. The extracted DNA was amplified by PCR method and PCR sample was applied for electrophoresis for checking DNA bands. PCR sample were purified sent for sequencing. Sequences obtained were subjected to editing and alignment using ClustalW programme of Bio Edit and phylogenetic analysis was performed using MEGA software. High similarity observed between selected verities. The locally collected gene sequence-based phylogeny presented here provides support for the early studies of speciation within the Rutaceae. An understanding of the main phylogenetic relationships between Citrus species will help to fine-tune the taxonomy of Rutaceae.

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GRIN Verlag

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ISBN 10

3668480834

ISBN 13

9783668480834

Optimization of Media Formulations for Callus Induction and direct Organogenesis in Justicia Gendrussa Burm Fil

The Uses and Advantages of an Exotic Medicinal Plant in Kerala

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Elizabeth Cherian,Noby Mathew

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Optimization of Media Formulations for Callus Induction and direct Organogenesis in Justicia Gendrussa Burm Fil

The Uses and Advantages of an Exotic Medicinal Plant in Kerala

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Elizabeth Cherian,Noby Mathew

Scientific Study from the year 2017 in the subject Biology - Botany, grade: 1.5, Mar Augusthinose College, language: English, abstract: In this study, the callus initiation and rhizogenesis of Justicia gendarussa from nodal and leaf explants were established in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different hormonal concentrations and also optimization of callus initiation at hormonal concentrations. As a result the callus was initiated on MS medium supplemented with different hormones. The higher concentration of NAA and BA induced callus from nodal and leaf explants. The higher concentrations of 2, 4 – D and kinetin induced callus on nodal explants. Lower concentration of 2, 4 – D and kinetin induce callus on leaf explants. The combination of NAA and kinetin induce rhizogenesis from nodal explants. The antimicrobial activity of callus was evaluated by well diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia were used as test organisms. The results showed that Justicia gendarussa have antimicrobial activity on Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus. Keywords: Justicia gendarussa, callus initiation, direct organogenesis, antimicrobial assay.

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GRIN Verlag

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ISBN 10

3668616310

ISBN 13

9783668616318

Stingless bees culture (Meliponiculture) in Kerala: hand book for farmers

By: Prem Jose Vazhacahrickal,Sajan Jose

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Stingless bees culture (Meliponiculture) in Kerala: hand book for farmers

By: Prem Jose Vazhacahrickal,Sajan Jose

Stingless bees are highly social insects which populated the tropical earth 65 million years ago longer than honey bees. They are limited to tropics and subtropics lacking venom apparatus and cannot sting. Impacts of anthropogenic influences on honey bees were already reported. Recent studies also showed that the nesting behaviour of Trigona iridipennis Smith in natural habitat also vary due to interaction, pheromones and environmental stimulus. A little is reported so far about the various natural and domesticated nesting of the Trigona iridipennis Smith in Kerala. Trigona iridipennis Smith shows great diversity in plant selection for dietary as well as resin sources. The shift towards ornamental plants for foraging may be an adaptation evolved in response to human modification of the environment. The bees collect resin from a variety of sources for building nest, its maintenance and also for defence. This hand book deals with several aspect of Meliponiculture and various problems dealing with stingless bees in Kerala.

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Amazon Publishers, USA

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ISBN 10

1729237908

ISBN 13

9781729237908

Morphological diversity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) varieties in Kerala

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,Alen N Albin

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Morphological diversity of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) varieties in Kerala

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,Alen N Albin

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) is commonly grown in home gardens of tropical and sub-tropical countries. The fruit contains high levels of carbohydrates, protein, starch, calcium and vitamins. Jack fruit has diverse medicinal uses especially as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-fungal agent. Jackfruit is considered to be an underutilized fruit where most of the fruits get wasted due to ignorance, lack of post-harvest technology and gaps in supply chain systems. Jackfruit contains more protein, calcium, iron, vitamins and other essential nutrients, compared to common fruits. To find out the morphological variations among jackfruits in Kerala we conducted an elaborate survey and found out varieties using parameters such as tree characteristics, leaf characterises, fruit characteristics of selected samples as measure. Both qualitative and quantitative data were measured using field visit and standard methods and morphological indicators. After analysis of data morphological variations among the jack fruit samples were identified. This includes the morphological difference between fruit stalk leaf and branch leaves. In the fruits themselves, colour, shape and size are also found to vary among the samples. These variations may have some relationship to climatic factors such as rainfall, pH and soil properties. Morphological variations affect the selection of the varieties. Encouragement should be given to the marketing as well as creation of value added products from this underutilized fruit tree.

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ISBN 10

173146410X

ISBN 13

9781731464101

Common pest and diseases affecting Banana in South-India: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

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Common pest and diseases affecting Banana in South-India: an overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajeshkumar N.K,Jiby John Mathew,P. E. Sreejith,M. Sabu

Banana one of the most popular consumed fruits in the tropical and sub-tropical region. Most of the edible bananas present now a days are derived solely from Musa accuminata Colla or Musa balbisiana Colla or a hybrid between the two wild diploid species. The main objective of this research work is to provide an overview of various pest and diseases affecting Banana in South India. Diseases and pests of edible banana became problems when certain genotypes were grown as monocultures. Fusarium wilt and Sigatoka leaf spot were also affect the banana production in South-India. Bacterial wilt and Xanthomonas wilt are other bacterial diseases affecting the banana production. Bunchy top and bract mosaic are damaging virus diseases, which have a limited distribution at present. Virus diseases mosaic and streak are less damaging, but more widespread. Pre- and post-harvest diseases of fruit also cause losses. The burrowing nematode is the most important root parasite of banana, and the most damaging banana insect pest is the rhizome-attacking banana weevil. Genetic engineering and other biotechnology-based approaches could produce better diseases tolerant varieties. Chemical control has been employed successfully in the past to counter pests and pathogens, but resistance to fungicides and pesticides is becoming a major issue. Biological control methods are being employed more often in integrated pest management programmes could offer a promising result to address this issue.

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156

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Prem Jose

ISBN 10

1713114453

ISBN 13

9781713114451

Swarming, drone movements, foraging behavior and associated plants of stingless bees (Trigona iridipennis Smith) in Kerala

An overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajan Jose K.

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Swarming, drone movements, foraging behavior and associated plants of stingless bees (Trigona iridipennis Smith) in Kerala

An overview

By: Prem Jose Vazhacharickal,Sajan Jose K.

Scientific Study from the year 2014 in the subject Biology - Zoology, , language: English, abstract: Stingless bees are highly social insects which populated the tropical earth 65 million years ago longer than honey bees. They are limited to tropics and subtropics lacking venom apparatus and cannot sting. Impacts of anthropogenic influences on honey bees were already reported. Based on these back ground, the objectives of this study were to 1) to characterize the swarming and drone movements of Trigona iridipennis Smith in Kerala 2) to identify the foraging behaviour, colour preference and various plants associated with Trigona iridipennis Smith for nest construction as well as dietary sources. Feral as well as hived colonies of stingless bees were located and fixed at different parts of Kerala for observations on their foraging activity. Bee traffic was also measured during various timings across a bright sunny day in November 2013 and between colonies. Bee traffic among Trigona iridipennis Smith varied widely among the selected four colonies during various time intervals. In all the colonies bee traffic starts between 6 to 7 am and end by 7 to 7.10 pm. Bee traffic exhibited two peaks. One during 10 to 10.10 am and the other 2 to 3.10 pm. But in colony 4 the picture is different, where the morning peak was 11 to 11.10 am and the afternoon peak was 3 to 3.10 pm. Trigona iridipennis Smith shows great diversity in plant selection for dietary as well as resin sources. The shift towards ornamental plants for foraging may be an adaptation evolved in response to human modification of the environment. The bees collect resin from a variety of sources for building nest, its maintenance and also for defence. Bee traffic is found to be related to time, season, and strength of the colony. The bees preferred white and yellow coloured flowers than pink and red. The study also highlights the various food sources of Trigona iridipennis Smith in Kerala which can be further explored for flourishing melliponiculture.

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GRIN Verlag

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ISBN 10

3668370699

ISBN 13

9783668370692

Book's by Prem Jose Vazhacahrickal

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