Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis, and Torrefaction: Practical Design, Theory, and Climate Change Mitigation, Fourth Edition explores the role of biomass conversion in climate change mitigation. With a focus on design, analysis and operational aspects of biomass gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction, this edition offers comprehensive coverage of biomass in its gas, liquid and solid states. Processing and cleaning of product gas in gasification is considered, as are biomaterials and their development, making this a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insights into the design of a complete biomass conversion systems. For the first time, hydrogen production for fuel cells applications is addressed, reflecting the expanding role of hydrogen as a fuel source. Although the book carries the name 'biomass', the bulk of its content is also applicable to non-biomass fuels like coal, petcoke, municipal solid waste and others. This book will allow professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and operating personnel of biomass gasification, pyrolysis or torrefaction plants, to gain a better comprehension of biomass conversion. - Features updates with the most recent research and technology - Includes a dedicated chapter on hydrogen production for fuel cell application - Explores the application of biomass conversion in climate change mitigation and sustainable development - Contains updated step-by-step process flow diagrams, design data, conversion charts and numerical examples with solutions - Provides available research results in an easy-to-use design methodology - Spotlights advanced processes such as supercritical water gasification and torrefaction of biomass - Examines the economic aspects of biomass conversion, including ecological economics and the circular economy for sustainable development
A joint effort of three continents, this book is about rational utilization of the fossil fuels for generation of heat or power. It provides a synthesis of two scientific traditions: the high-performance, but often proprietary, Western designs, and the elaborate national standards based on less advanced Eastern designs; it presents both in the same Western format. It is intended for engineers and advanced undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in steam power plants, burners, or furnaces. The text uses a format of practice based on theory: each chapter begins with an explanation of a process, with basic theory developed from first principles; then empirical relationships are presented and, finally, design methods are explained by worked out examples. It will thus provide researchers with a resource for applications of theory to practice. Plant operators will find solutions to and explanations of many of their daily operational problems. Designers will find this book ready with required data, design methods and equations. Finally, consultants will find it very useful for design evaluation.
The story of a political prisoner’s coming of age as a student activist in India Keeping Up the Good Fight is the story of a young man’s political coming of age and his experience as a student activist and scientist incarcerated by two authoritarian regimes in India, half a century apart. On September 25, 1975, the students of Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi called for a strike to protest the expulsion of Ashoklata Jain, an elected student union member. Three months earlier, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had declared a state of Emergency. It was the second day of the strike and the campus was tense. A black car rolled up near a group of students. A few plainclothes cops got out, and abducted one of them: The student spent the next year in jail. Almost fifty years later, on February 9, 2021, the founder of an online news portal saw his home and offices raided for 113 hours straight, ransacked by officers from the Enforcement Directorate. Nearly two years later, on October 3, 2023, the Delhi Police Special Cell reappeared. The founder of the news portal and his colleague were remanded to custody under the dreaded Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). That student journalist and scientist, Prabir Purkayastha, tells his own story with wit and humor, as he engages with some of India’s most pressing social, political and economic issues across the decades—and remains committed to “keeping up the good fight.”
The book, "Breaking Barriers: Exploring Gender Dynamics in Education," explores the complex relationship between gender, society, and education. It navigates the changing environment of educational systems with a focus on shattering gender stereotypes and promoting diversity through in-depth study and perceptive viewpoints. Readers will travel through the historical context of gender roles in education, learning about the advancements that have been accomplished as well as the ongoing obstacles. The book provides a critical analysis of societal norms that have an impact on educational settings, highlighting unconscious biases and structural limitations. "Breaking Barriers" highlights creative strategies and fruitful case studies that have successfully promoted gender equality in education, from classrooms to legislative frameworks. It examines how communities, governments, and educators may work together to create inclusive places that give people power.
Theory and Methods of Statistics covers essential topics for advanced graduate students and professional research statisticians. This comprehensive resource covers many important areas in one manageable volume, including core subjects such as probability theory, mathematical statistics, and linear models, and various special topics, including nonparametrics, curve estimation, multivariate analysis, time series, and resampling. The book presents subjects such as "maximum likelihood and sufficiency," and is written with an intuitive, heuristic approach to build reader comprehension. It also includes many probability inequalities that are not only useful in the context of this text, but also as a resource for investigating convergence of statistical procedures. - Codifies foundational information in many core areas of statistics into a comprehensive and definitive resource - Serves as an excellent text for select master's and PhD programs, as well as a professional reference - Integrates numerous examples to illustrate advanced concepts - Includes many probability inequalities useful for investigating convergence of statistical procedures
The knowledge and general range of interest in Indian history is restricted to Indus Valley Civilization, Mughal Dynasty (that too up to Aurangzeb's reign), Sher Shah Suri (for his building Grand Trunk Road, though it was built long before him), Mohammad-ibn Tughlak (due to the wrong and whimsical actions shown during his reign) and British era (restricted to Battle of Plassey and Lord Clive). Moreover, the major focus of history is oriented mainly around political history. Social and natural history is mostly ignored from general historical information. The 12,000-year-old Indian historical timeline is vast, and it may take years to acquire reasonable knowledge of the history of India. This book makes an effort to catch this vast spectrum of Indian history as a snippet in limited space. Efforts are made to capture social, natural, scientific, art, and human history alongside political history. Indian history, for the general readers, focuses mostly on North Indian (?ry?varta) History. Not many are aware of the rich history of the south of Vindhya Range and also the history of India that exists east of Patna. This book attempts to capture the contemporary history of South India and Eastern India along with North Indian History. The study of history is not complete unless one gets an overall global perspective of a particular period. This book tries to capture contemporary Global History alongside Indian History in that particular age.
How Are Textile Fabrics Formed? Principles of Fabric Formation is a treatise on the modern production systems of woven, knitted, braided, nonwoven, triaxial, multiaxial, and 3D fabrics. This book offers a basic understanding of the technicalities involved in the formation of different types of textile fabrics, and brings out the relative merits and limitations of each production process in one single volume. Gain Insight into the World of Textile Fabrics Providing readers with an appreciation of the technicalities involved in the formation of different types of textile fabrics, the author describes all major fabric formation methods, and explains each stage of formation in the text. He also addresses all major topics related to the formation of different classes of textile fabrics, including yarn winding, warping, yarn sizing, woven fabric construction, weaving, weft knitting, warp knitting, braiding, nonwovens, and triaxial, multiaxial and 3D fabrics. Comprised of 16 chapters, this multifaceted work: Provides a technical description of fabric formation systems Focuses on the diverse technicalities involved in each and every stage of formation Contains a comprehensive compilation of the major principles involved Principles of Fabric Formation is an exclusive junior/senior undergraduate-level textbook with a focus on the diverse technical principles involved in production of the entire gamut of textile fabrics.
This book is a sequel to the text Process Dynamics and Control (published by PHI Learning). The objective of this text is to introduce frontier areas of control technology with an ample number of application examples. It also introduces the simulation platform PCSA (Process Control System Analyzer) to include senior level worked out examples like multi-loop control of exothermic reactor and distillation column. The textbook includes discussions on state variable techniques and analysis MIMO systems, and techniques of non-linear systems treatment with extensive number of examples. A chapter has been included to discuss the industrial practice of instrumentation systems for important unit operation and processes, which ends up with the treatment on Plant-wide-control. The two state-of-the-art tools of computer based control, Micro-controllers and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), are discussed with practical application examples. A number of demonstration programs have been offered for basic conception development in the accompanying CD. It familiarizes students with the real task of simulation by means of simple computer programming procedure with sufficient graphic support, and helps to develop capability of handling complex dynamic systems. This book is primarily intended for the postgraduate students of chemical engineering and instrumentation and control engineering. Also it will be of considerable interest to professionals engaged in handling process plant automation systems. KEY FEATURES • Majority of worked out examples and exercise problems are chosen from practical process applications. • A complete coverage of controller synthesis in frequency domain provides a better grasp of controller tuning. • Advanced control strategies and adaptive control are covered with ample number of worked out examples.
This book provides practicing engineers and students with insight into the design and operation of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers. Through a combination of theoretical concepts and practical experience, this book gives the reader a basic understanding of the many aspects of this subject.Important environmental considerations, including solid waste disposal and predicted emissions, are addressed individually in separate chapters. This book places an emphasis on combustion, hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and material issues, and illustrates these concepts with numerous examples of present applications and past experience. This book also examines the relevance of design and feed-stock parameters to the operation of a CFB boiler; designs of mechanical components, including cyclones, air distributor grids, and solid recycle systems; and special problems CVB boilers present with construction materials.
This book offers comprehensive coverage of the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, the key technology enabling the production of biofuels from all viable sources--some examples being sugar cane and switchgrass. This versatile resource not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass gasifiers. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. After fossil fuels, biomass is the most widely used fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long term if residues are properly handled and dedicated energy crops are grown. Includes step-by-step design procedures and case studies for Biomass GasificationProvides worked process flow diagrams for gasifier design. Covers integration with other technologies (e.g. gas turbine, engine, fuel cells)
Biomass is the most widely used non-fossil fuel in the world. Biomass resources show a considerable potential in the long-term given the increasing proliferation of dedicated energy crops for biofuels. The second edition of Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis is enhanced with new topics, such as torrefaction and cofiring, making it a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insight into the design of biomass conversion systems. This book will allow professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and operating personnel of biomass gasification, pyrolysis or torrefaction plants, to gain a better comprehension of the basics of biomass conversion. The author provides many worked out design problems, step-by-step design procedures and real data on commercially operating systems. With a dedicated focus on the design, analysis, and operational aspects of biomass gasification, pyrolysis, and torrefaction, Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis and Torrefaction, Second Edition offers comprehensive coverage of biomass in its gas, liquid, and solid states in a single easy-to-access source. - Contains new and updated step-by-step process flow diagrams, design data and conversion charts, and numerical examples with solutions - Includes chapters dedicated to evolving torrefaction technologies, practicing option of biomass cofiring, and biomass conversion economics - Expanded coverage of syngas and other Fischer-Tropsch alternatives - Spotlights advanced processes such as supercritical water gasification and torrefaction of biomass - Provides available research results in an easy-to-use design methodology
Biomass Gasification, Pyrolysis, and Torrefaction: Practical Design, Theory, and Climate Change Mitigation, Fourth Edition explores the role of biomass conversion in climate change mitigation. With a focus on design, analysis and operational aspects of biomass gasification, pyrolysis and torrefaction, this edition offers comprehensive coverage of biomass in its gas, liquid and solid states. Processing and cleaning of product gas in gasification is considered, as are biomaterials and their development, making this a versatile resource that not only explains the basic principles of energy conversion systems, but also provides valuable insights into the design of a complete biomass conversion systems. For the first time, hydrogen production for fuel cells applications is addressed, reflecting the expanding role of hydrogen as a fuel source. Although the book carries the name 'biomass', the bulk of its content is also applicable to non-biomass fuels like coal, petcoke, municipal solid waste and others. This book will allow professionals, such as engineers, scientists, and operating personnel of biomass gasification, pyrolysis or torrefaction plants, to gain a better comprehension of biomass conversion. - Features updates with the most recent research and technology - Includes a dedicated chapter on hydrogen production for fuel cell application - Explores the application of biomass conversion in climate change mitigation and sustainable development - Contains updated step-by-step process flow diagrams, design data, conversion charts and numerical examples with solutions - Provides available research results in an easy-to-use design methodology - Spotlights advanced processes such as supercritical water gasification and torrefaction of biomass - Examines the economic aspects of biomass conversion, including ecological economics and the circular economy for sustainable development
Besides being one of the best Clean Coal Technologies, fluidized beds are also proving to be the most practical option for biomass conversion. Although the technology is well established, the field lacks a comprehensive guide to the design and operating principles of fluidized bed boilers and gasifiers. With more than 30 years of research and indus
A joint effort of three continents, this book is about rational utilization of the fossil fuels for generation of heat or power. It provides a synthesis of two scientific traditions: the high-performance, but often proprietary, Western designs, and the elaborate national standards based on less advanced Eastern designs; it presents both in the same Western format. It is intended for engineers and advanced undergraduate and graduate students with an interest in steam power plants, burners, or furnaces. The text uses a format of practice based on theory: each chapter begins with an explanation of a process, with basic theory developed from first principles; then empirical relationships are presented and, finally, design methods are explained by worked out examples. It will thus provide researchers with a resource for applications of theory to practice. Plant operators will find solutions to and explanations of many of their daily operational problems. Designers will find this book ready with required data, design methods and equations. Finally, consultants will find it very useful for design evaluation.
· Explains operation and scientific fundamentals of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers · Outlines practical issues in industrial use · Teaches how to optimize design for maximum reliability and efficiency · Discusses operating and maintenance issues and how to troubleshoot them This book provides practicing engineers and students with insight into the design and operation of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers through a combination of theoretical concepts and practical experience. An emphasis on combustion, hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and material issues illustrates these concepts with numerous examples from actual operating plants. The relevance of design and feed-stock parameters to the operation of a CFB boiler are also examined, along with their impacts on designs of mechanical components, including cyclones, air distributor grids, and solid recycle systems. This versatile resource explains how fluidized bed equipment works and how the basic principles of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics influence design, while providing insight into planning new projects, troubleshooting existing equipment, and appreciating the capabilities and limitations of the process. From hydrodynamics to construction and maintenance, the author covers all of the essential information needed to understand, design, operate, and maintain a complete fluidized bed system. It is a must for clean coal technology as well as for biomass power generation.
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