This New Zealand adaptation looks both at historical roots of child observation as well as various approaches to observing young children in early years settings.
A collection of essays exploring the underlying issues facing the Anglican Communion and setting them in their historical context, including the roles of synods, bishops and primates; the ministry of the Archbishop of Canterbury; being in and out of communion; and, the significance of diocesan boundaries in an age of globalization.
This New Zealand adaptation looks both at historical roots of child observation as well as various approaches to observing young children in early years settings.
A study investigated parents' experiences and their views on labor force participation and childcare arrangements. An in-depth interview was conducted with the parent or parents from 60 families with 5-year-old children, selected randomly from 14 schools in the greater Wellington, New Zealand, region. Results included the following: (1) playgroups were attended most often when the children were aged under 1 year, playcentre and childcare centers were used more often when the children were aged over 1 or 2 years, and among 4-year-olds, kindergartens were the type of service most frequently used; (2) socializing, travel or transport to the child care center, and fees or financial considerations; (3) responsibility for caring for children before they started school, or when they were sick or home from school for holidays fell primarily to the mothers; (4) within two-parent families, reading and learning activities at home were most often a shared responsibility; (5) 67 percent of the women and 98 percent of the men interviewed had participated in paid work during the first 5 years of their child's life; (6) difficulties noted by working parents included missing out on time with their children, time pressures, fitting in household tasks, guilt, and finding appropriate child care; (7) nearly half of the subjects were completing additional schooling during their child's first 5 years; (8) there was relatively low participation in parent leave among the parents who were in the paid workforce the year their child was born; and (9) parents expressed concern about the need for flexibility among employers and in the workplace, and about having domestic leave available for parents when their children are ill. (A copy of the survey is appended.) (HTH)
A review of the literature on educational outcomes for children of early childhood education can provide relevant information for policymakers. Research suggests that the quality of programs offered in early childhood centers affects the extent to which children experience education. On the basis of the studies, the main characteristics of low quality centers are: (1) inappropriate caregiver-child ratios; (2) inadequate staff training; (3) large group size; (4) high staff turnover; (5) inexperienced staff; (6) inappropriate programs; (7) low levels of interaction; (8) limited parental involvement; (9) low maintenance of indigenous cultures; and (10) an inadequate physical environment. Insufficient provision of early childhood services adversely affects all children, but affects most strongly those children who are at risk. Recent research also highlights the importance of funding levels in the maintenance of quality programs. In New Zealand, the quality of early childhood centers and the provision of early childhood education compares favorably with the quality and provision found in the United States. Research with children in New Zealand childcare centers supports the importance of high staff-child ratios, staff training, and ongoing inservice training. (Contains 86 references.) (SW)
This pilot study investigated methods for meeting the needs of children under 2.5 years of age who attend play centers with older children. Also studied were the effects of the toddlers' presence on the other children, parent helpers, and supervisors. Advisors at each of 27 play centers in New Zealand completed a questionnaire with the help of center supervisors and observed a total of 112 children during play center sessions. The questionnaire addressed provisions made for toddlers in regards to supervision, facilities and safety, physical needs, equipment, interactions with adults, and parent education. The questionnaire also addressed the impact of toddlers on other children and adults. Results indicated that: (1) supervisors thought that the centers had suitable equipment for toddlers; (2) transfer of materials from one part of the center to another occurred infrequently; (3) more training workshops were needed; and (4) the presence of both toddlers and older children in centers benefitted children's social development. Results of the observations indicated that more nurturing than obstructive behavior occurred between toddlers and older children, and that adults who interacted with toddlers were usually the child's parents. Appendixes include copies of the study's procedural guidelines, the questionnaire, and a play center observation form. (BC)
Linked with professional development programs to support the implementation of Te Whariki, the national early childhood curriculum in New Zealand, a project was designed to: (1) construct a framework for assessment and evaluation in early childhood programs in Aotearoe-New Zealand; and (2) use this framework to develop an evaluation process through an action research trial in six early childhood centers. This report sets the context of the research project, outlines the theoretical foundations and the methodological approach, summarizes and synthesizes the data, and suggests some overview issues and implications for self-evaluation processes in early childhood centers. The action research trial used learning and teaching stories, narrative reflections used by teachers and practitioners to assess children and evaluate programs within their own centers over the course of one year. The trial found that center staff varied in their knowledge and confidence about Te Whariki. The learning and teaching story framework was useful in understanding the curriculum, and using the framework changed staff behaviors with, and attitudes toward, children and parents. Involving management and large number of parents in the process proved administratively complex. The project served to expand on the idea that evaluation of early childhood programs should be grounded in quality from the child's perspective. A number of key features of the action research process, as a process for self-evaluation, emerged. (Ten appendices include a project flyer, information on research dissemination, links between evaluation projects, and an outline of the assessment/evaluation framework. Contains 78 references.) (KB)
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