Many-valued logics are becoming increasingly important in all areas of computer science. This is the second volume of an authoritative two-volume handbook on many valued logics by two leading figures in the field. While the first volume was mainly concerned with theoretical foundations, this volume emphasizes automated reasoning, practical applications, and the latest developments in fuzzy logic and rough set theory. Among the applications presented are those in software specification and electronic circuit verification.
This book provides an introduction to the mathematics and physics of general relativity, its basic physical concepts, its observational implications, and the new insights obtained into the nature of space-time and the structure of the universe. It introduces some of the most striking aspects of Einstein's theory of gravitation: black holes, gravitational waves, stellar models, and cosmology. It contains a self-contained introduction to tensor calculus and Riemannian geometry, using in parallel the language of modern differential geometry and the coordinate notation, more familiar to physicists. The author has strived to achieve mathematical rigour, with all notions given careful mathematical meaning, while trying to maintain the formalism to the minimum fit-for-purpose. Familiarity with special relativity is assumed. The overall aim is to convey some of the main physical and geometrical properties of Einstein's theory of gravitation, providing a solid entry point to further studies of the mathematics and physics of Einstein equations.
Structured population models are transport-type equations often applied to describe evolution of heterogeneous populations of biological cells, animals or humans, including phenomena such as crowd dynamics or pedestrian flows. This book introduces the mathematical underpinnings of these applications, providing a comprehensive analytical framework for structured population models in spaces of Radon measures. The unified approach allows for the study of transport processes on structures that are not vector spaces (such as traffic flow on graphs) and enables the analysis of the numerical algorithms used in applications. Presenting a coherent account of over a decade of research in the area, the text includes appendices outlining the necessary background material and discusses current trends in the theory, enabling graduate students to jump quickly into research.
The articles in this volume study various cohomological aspects of algebraic varieties: - characteristic classes of singular varieties; - geometry of flag varieties; - cohomological computations for homogeneous spaces; - K-theory of algebraic varieties; - quantum cohomology and Gromov-Witten theory. The main purpose is to give comprehensive introductions to the above topics through a series of "friendly" texts starting from a very elementary level and ending with the discussion of current research. In the articles, the reader will find classical results and methods as well as new ones. Numerous examples will help to understand the mysteries of the cohomological theories presented. The book will be a useful guide to research in the above-mentioned areas. It is adressed to researchers and graduate students in algebraic geometry, algebraic topology, and singularity theory, as well as to mathematicians interested in homogeneous varieties and symmetric functions. Most of the material exposed in the volume has not appeared in books before. Contributors: Paolo Aluffi Michel Brion Anders Skovsted Buch Haibao Duan Ali Ulas Ozgur Kisisel Piotr Pragacz Jörg Schürmann Marek Szyjewski Harry Tamvakis
This book describes the structures of Metallothionein (MT) family members and the cellular functions of MT-1, MT-2 and MT-4 isoforms, as well as provides insights into divergent biological roles of MT-3. The authors explain the involvement of MT molecules in various processes related to carcinogenesis, including an organ-specific presentation of current data concerning their potential impact on the progression of various tumors and the regulatory role of MT family members in the function of the immune system.
This book represents the current (1985) state of knowledge about Zariski surfaces and related topics in differential equations in characteristic p > 0. It is aimed at research mathematicians and graduate and advanced undergraduate students of mathematics and computer science.
Outcrops of granitic rocks cover a large proportion of the Earth's surface and host a range of spectacular landforms and landscapes, from extensive plains dotted by inselbergs to deeply dissected mountain ranges. They are often strikingly beautiful, but more importantly, they provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of geomorphic evolution both in the past and at present. The book offers a comprehensive view of the geomorphology of granite areas, examining individual landforms and their assemblages. Weathering processes, and the phenomenon of deep weathering in particular, are given much emphasis as these are fundamental to the understanding of the geomorphic evolution of granite areas. Granite landforms directly related to weathering, such as boulders, tors, inselbergs, and features of surface microrelief are examined in respect to their characteristics and origin. Patterns of slope evolution are shown in the context of both rock slopes and deeply weathered terrains. Granite geomorphology in the coastal, periglacial and glacial context is presented to show how the characteristics of granite control landform evolution in these specific environments. In the closing part a variety of geological controls is reviewed and their primacy over other factors is advocated, followed by an attempt to provide a typology of natural granite landscapes. Finally, certain specific ways of human transformation of granite landscapes are presented. The book will be useful to a range of earth science disciplines, including geomorphology, igneous petrology, engineering geology and soil science. Cultural geographers and people dealing with conservation of geological heritage should find it of interest. Examples from all parts of the world and extensive referencing ensure that it will act as an up-to-date guidebook to the fascinating world of granite geomorphology.
The monograph comprehensively presents the research on the prototype of the biomimetic Multi-Spiked Connecting Scaffold (MSC-Scaffold) for cementless fixation of the components of a new generation of resurfacing arthroplasty (RA) endoprostheses. This research, carried out by a bioengineering-surgical team from three Polish universities, includes bioengineering design, rapid prototyping, manufacturing in selective laser melting, functionalization, surface modification, numerical studies, experimental in vitro studies, and pilot surgical experiments in an animal model. Features: •Presents the prototype of the multi-spiked connecting scaffold for a new generation of resurfacing endoprostheses of the knee and the hip. •Explains this prototype scaffold as the first worldwide design of the biomimetic fixation of components of diarthrodial joints resurfacing endoprostheses. •Insights into the entire process of bioengineering design and research on this novel way of resurfacing endoprostheses fixation. •Reviews main results of the scaffold prototyping and SLM manufacturing, structural and osteoconductive functionalization, and surface modification. •Reports experimental and numerical investigations of mechanical behavior of the scaffold-bone system, cell culture studies, and pilot surgical experiments in animal models. This book is aimed at professionals and graduate students in biomedical engineering, biomaterials engineering, and bone & joint surgery.
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