This five-volume series covers the entire range of technologies used in the petroleum refining industry. The books are intended for students and for the engineers and technicians who operate in refineries.This volume is devoted to the main equipment used in a refinery or a petrochemical complex, classified by technology. The basic principles for design and sizing are presented for each type of equipment. The details of practical implementation are also discussed with a view to maximum efficiency. Equipment selection criteria are provided for specific applications. Lastly, emphasis is placed on the major trends in equipment development.Contents: I. Separation technologies. 1. Gas-liquid contactors for distillation: plate columns. 2. Gas-liquid contactors for distillation: packed columns. 3. Solvent extraction equipment. 4. Techniques for physical separation of phases. II. Heat transfer technologies. 5. Process furnaces. 6. Heat exchangers. III. Reaction technologies. 7. Chemical reactor technology. IV. Mechanical operations. 8. Pumps, compressors, turbines and ejectors. 9. Agitation and mixing techniques. V. Control and optimization techniques. 10. Control and Monitoring. 11. Rational use of energy. References. Index.
Having gained considerable experience in process development at the Institut FranCais du PEtrole, the authors present a design framework, a review of the available means of investigation, and several examples illustrating their methodology of industrial process scale up. The salient feature of the book is the fact that it addresses a subject which is vital in view of its economic repercussions, yet relatively unknown in technical and scientific circles, due to the confidentiality surrounding it.Contents: 1. Main guidelines of the methodology. 2. Various types of model. 3. Pilot plants and mock-ups. 4. Experimental techniques. 5. Applications to industrial process development. 6. Conclusions. References. Index.
This volume describes the characteristics of processes used in petroleum refining: upgrading light fractions (reforming and isomerization), converting distillates (catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, and associated equipment), converting residues (visbreaking, coking hydroconversion), and reducing air and water pollution (white product sweetening, acid gas, stack gas, and waste water treatment). This book is available in French Under the title "le raffinage du pétrole. Tome 3. Procédés de transformation". Contents : 1. Introduction. 2. Basic principles governing chemical changes. 3. Industrial catalysts. 4. Catalytic reforming. 5. Catalytic cracking. 6. Isomerization of light paraffins. 7. Aliphatic alkylation. 8. Olefin etherification. 9. Oligomerization. 10. Hydrocracking. 11. Visbreaking of residues. 12. Coking. 13. Residue hydroconversion. 14. Hydrogen production. 15. White products refining by sweetening. 16. Hydrotreating. 17. Acid gas treatment. 18. Desulfurization of stack gases. 19. Water treatment. References. Index.
In this first volume, the reader will find, collected and condensed, the information needed to characterize, analyze, and evaluate crude oils from different origins and their corresponding petroleum cuts as well. The characteristics and specifications of all the petroleum products along with their simplified process flowsheets are reviewed.Contents: 1. Composition of crude oils and petroleum products. 2. Fractionation and elemental analysis of crude oils and petroleum cuts. 3. Characterization of crude oils and petroleum fractions. 4. Methods for the calculation of hydrocarbon physical properties. 5. Characteristics of petroleum products for energy use (motor fuels - heating fuels). 6. Characteristics of non-fuel petroleum products. 7. Standards and specifications of petroleum products. 8. Evaluation of crude oils. 9. Additives for motor fuels and lubricants. 10. Introduction to refining. Appendices: Principal characteristics of pure components. Principal standard test methods for petroleum products. References. Index.
In this first volume, the reader will find, collected and condensed, the information needed to characterize, analyze, and evaluate crude oils from different origins and their corresponding petroleum cuts as well. The characteristics and specifications of all the petroleum products along with their simplified process flowsheets are reviewed.Contents: 1. Composition of crude oils and petroleum products. 2. Fractionation and elemental analysis of crude oils and petroleum cuts. 3. Characterization of crude oils and petroleum fractions. 4. Methods for the calculation of hydrocarbon physical properties. 5. Characteristics of petroleum products for energy use (motor fuels - heating fuels). 6. Characteristics of non-fuel petroleum products. 7. Standards and specifications of petroleum products. 8. Evaluation of crude oils. 9. Additives for motor fuels and lubricants. 10. Introduction to refining. Appendices: Principal characteristics of pure components. Principal standard test methods for petroleum products. References. Index.
Rarely has the world's energy sector known such a complicated and fragile environment as that being experienced in 2011. Energy demand is increasing rapidly because of growth in the developing countries. It is largely met by fossil fuels : oil, natural gas and coal, and also by hydraulic and nuclear power. The use of all these forms of energy now gives rise to controversy. A year after the uncontrollable oil leaks from the Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico, the consequences of the accident are still being debated. The development of shale gas, currently the source of half natural gas production in the United States, meets strong opposition in a number of European countries. Even more serious, the accident at Fukushima has put into question the future development of nuclear power, particularly in Europe but also in the USA. There is considerable criticism of the use of coal, which is the source for most of the energy needs in China and a number of developing countries, because of its emissions of CO2 and other pollutants. Even traditional biomass, whose use leads to deforestation and to respiratory diseases, and the development of hydraulic power are the subject of debate. How should one judge between these different energies ? How can decisions be taken between reducing consumption and increasing production ? What is the future for new renewable energies ? These are the issues at stake on the energy sector. This book appears just at the right time to provide clear and well documented replies to the questions that all of us, as energy users, are posing. How are the different forms of energy produced ? What does the future hold for them ? Who are the players active in the energy scene ? What are the supply constraints ? What is the impact of the strong growth in India and China on energy resources ? The book is in two parts. The first sets out the major characteristics of the energy sector. The second provides an analysis of the global energy issues region by region and details the geopolitical aspects. This work is well illustrated and accessible to all, as it does not require any specific prior knowledge. It will particularly interest readers seeking a global perspective of a sector that is fundamental both to our economy and also for our international policies.
Having gained considerable experience in process development at the Institut FranCais du PEtrole, the authors present a design framework, a review of the available means of investigation, and several examples illustrating their methodology of industrial process scale up. The salient feature of the book is the fact that it addresses a subject which is vital in view of its economic repercussions, yet relatively unknown in technical and scientific circles, due to the confidentiality surrounding it.Contents: 1. Main guidelines of the methodology. 2. Various types of model. 3. Pilot plants and mock-ups. 4. Experimental techniques. 5. Applications to industrial process development. 6. Conclusions. References. Index.
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