This spectacular building is at the crossroads of dominating architectural trends: parametrically designed, it features a Diagrid structural frame and an innovate structural core, allowing it to be the world’s furthest leaning tower. Developed by the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Company, it will host, on its opening in 2013, the Exhibition Center and a Hyatt Hotel. The combination of technological pioneership with a striking appearance and a world-wide functional use will bring this building to the attention of all those who cherish the challenge in contemporary lifestyle. To be published in time for the buildings opening, this book by the building’s leading architects will convey the drama and the details in a stunning volume.
Safety is a paradoxical system property. It remains immaterial, intangible and invisible until a failure, an accident or a catastrophy occurs and, too late, reveals its absence. And yet, a system cannot be relied upon unless its safety can be explained, demonstrated and certified. The practical and difficult questions which motivate this study concern the evidence and the arguments needed to justify the safety of a computer based system, or more generally its dependability. Dependability is a broad concept integrating properties such as safety, reliability, availability, maintainability and other related characteristics of the behaviour of a system in operation. How can we give the users the assurance that the system enjoys the required dependability? How should evidence be presented to certification bodies or regulatory authorities? What best practices should be applied? How should we decide whether there is enough evidence to justify the release of the system? To help answer these daunting questions, a method and a framework are proposed for the justification of the dependability of a computer-based system. The approach specifically aims at dealing with the difficulties raised by the validation of software. Hence, it should be of wide applicability despite being mainly based on the experience of assessing Nuclear Power Plant instrumentation and control systems important to safety. To be viable, a method must rest on a sound theoretical background.
Quantitative finance has become these last years a extraordinary field of research and interest as well from an academic point of view as for practical applications. At the same time, pension issue is clearly a major economical and financial topic for the next decades in the context of the well-known longevity risk. Surprisingly few books are devoted to application of modern stochastic calculus to pension analysis. The aim of this book is to fill this gap and to show how recent methods of stochastic finance can be useful for to the risk management of pension funds. Methods of optimal control will be especially developed and applied to fundamental problems such as the optimal asset allocation of the fund or the cost spreading of a pension scheme. In these various problems, financial as well as demographic risks will be addressed and modelled.
Although complexity makes up the very fabric of our daily lives and has been more or less addressed in a wide variety of knowledge fields, the approaches developed in the Natural Sciences and the results obtained over the past century have not yet permeated Management Sciences very much. The main features of the phenomena that the Natural Sciences deal with are: non-linear behavior, self-organization and chaos. They are analyzed with the framing of what is called “systems thinking”, popularized by the mindset pertaining to cybernetics. All pioneers in systems thinking either had direct or indirect connections with Biology, which is the discipline considered complex par excellence by the public. When applying these concepts to Operations Management Systems and modeling organizations by BDI (Beliefs, Desires, Intentions) agents, the lack of predictability in the conduct of change management that is prone to bifurcations (tipping points) in terms of organizational structures and in forecasting future activities, reveals them to be ingrained in the interplay of complexity and chaos.
Pierre Schammo provides a detailed analysis of EU prospectus law (and the 2010 amendments to the Prospectus Directive) and assesses the new rules governing the European Securities and Markets Authority, including the case law on the delegation of powers to regulatory agencies. In a departure from previous work on securities regulation, the focus is on EU decision-making in the securities field. He examines the EU's approach to prospectus disclosure enforcement and its implementation at Member State level and breaks new ground on regulatory competition in the securities field by providing a 'law-in-context' analysis of the negotiations of the Prospectus Directive.
From the reviews: "This is a book that should be found in any physics library. It is extremely useful for all graduate students, Ph.D. students and researchers interested in the quantum physics of light." Optics & Photonics News
How many ways do exist to mix different ingredients, how many chances to win a gambling game, how many possible paths going from one place to another in a network ? To this kind of questions Mathematics applied to computer gives a stimulating and exhaustive answer. This text, presented in three parts (Combinatorics, Probability, Graphs) addresses all those who wish to acquire basic or advanced knowledge in combinatorial theories. It is actually also used as a textbook. Basic and advanced theoretical elements are presented through simple applications like the Sudoku game, search engine algorithm and other easy to grasp applications. Through the progression from simple to complex, the teacher acquires knowledge of the state of the art of combinatorial theory. The non conventional simultaneous presentation of algorithms, programs and theory permits a powerful mixture of theory and practice. All in all, the originality of this approach gives a refreshing view on combinatorial theory.
This volume focuses on the modeling of cognition, and brings together contributions from psychologists and researchers in the field of cognitive science. The shared platform of this work is to advocate a dynamical systems approach to cognition. Several aspects of this approach are considered here: chaos theory, artificial intelligence and Alife models, catastrophe theory and, most importantly, self-organization theory or synergetics. The application of nonlinear systems theory to cognitive science in general, and to cognitive psychology in particular, is a growing field that has gained further momentum thanks to new contributions from the science of robotics. The recent development in cognitive science towards an account of embodiment, together with the general approach of complexity theory and dynamics, will have a major impact on our psychological understanding of reasoning, thinking and behavior.
Bridging the gap between laser physics and applied mathematics, this book offers a new perspective on laser dynamics. Combining fresh treatments of classic problems with up-to-date research, asymptotic techniques appropriate for nonlinear dynamical systems are shown to offer a powerful alternative to numerical simulations. The combined analytical and experimental description of dynamical instabilities provides a clear derivation of physical formulae and an evaluation of their significance. Starting with the observation of different time scales of an operating laser, the book develops approximation techniques to systematically explore their effects. Laser dynamical regimes are introduced at different levels of complexity, from standard turn-on experiments to stiff, chaotic, spontaneous or driven pulsations. Particular attention is given to quantitative comparisons between experiments and theory. The book broadens the range of analytical tools available to laser physicists and provides applied mathematicians with problems of practical interest, making it invaluable for graduate students and researchers.
Geomorphology and Volcanology of Costa Rica is the product of more than 30 years of research explaining the evolution of the quaternary relief of a geomorphologically diverse country. The book details the physical landscape of Costa Rica, with an emphasis on potential threats to the landscape, such as earthquakes, landslides, floods, and sea level rise. The book answers questions on the climate changes associated with the intense volcanism that affects this country. Geomorphologists, geologists, geographers, and students who specialize in the Earth Sciences will benefit from knowing the geomorphology of Costa Rica, not only as a case study, but also for the lessons it offers on climate change and worldwide geological history. - Includes graphs, maps, and photos that illustrate the most relevant phenomena - Provides detailed description of the different regions of the country, each with its own tectonic and modeling characteristics - Offers a detailed presentation of the geomorphological characteristics of Costa Rica
Since its publication, the first edition of Fingerprints and Other Ridge Skin Impressions has become a classic in the field. This second edition is completely updated, focusing on the latest technology and techniques—including current detection procedures, applicable processing and analysis methods—all while incorporating the expansive growth of literature on the topic since the publication of the original edition. Forensic science has been challenged in recent years as a result of errors, courts and other scientists contesting verdicts, and changes of a fundamental nature related to previous claims of infallibility and absolute individualization. As such, these factors represent a fundamental change in the way training, identifying, and reporting should be conducted. This book addresses these questions with a clear viewpoint as to where the profession—and ridge skin identification in particular—must go and what efforts and research will help develop the field over the next several years. The second edition introduces several new topics, including Discussion of ACE-V and research results from ACE-V studies Computerized marking systems to help examiners produce reports New probabilistic models and decision theories about ridge skin evidence interpretation, introducing Bayesnet tools Fundamental understanding of ridge mark detection techniques, with the introduction of new aspects such as nanotechnology, immunology and hyperspectral imaging Overview of reagent preparation and application Chapters cover all aspects of the subject, including the formation of friction ridges on the skin, the deposition of latent marks, ridge skin mark identification, the detection and enhancement of such marks, as well the recording of fingerprint evidence. The book serves as an essential reference for practitioners working in the field of fingermark detection and identification, as well as legal and police professionals and anyone studying forensic science with a view to understanding current thoughts and challenges in dactyloscopy.
A variety of formalisms have been developed to address such aspects of handling imperfect knowledge as uncertainty, vagueness, imprecision, incompleteness, and partial inconsistency. Some of the most familiar approaches in this research field are nonmonotonic logics, modal logics, probability theory (Bayesian and non-Bayesian), belief function theory, and fuzzy sets and possibility theory. ESPRIT Basic Research Action 3085, entitled Defeasible Reasoning and Uncertainty Management Systems (DRUMS), aims to contribute to the elucidation of similarities and differences between these formalisms. It consists of 11 active European research groups. The European Conference on Symbolic and Quantitative Approaches to Uncertainty (ESQAU) provides a forum for these groups to meet and discuss their scientific results. This volume contains 42 contributions accepted for the ESQAU meeting held in October 1991 in Marseille, together with 12 articles presenting the activities of the DRUMS groups and two invited presentations.
This Management Guide provides readers with two benefits. First, it is a quick-reference guide to IT governance for those who are not acquainted with this field. Second, it is a high-level introduction to ISACA's open standard COBIT 5.0 that will encourage further study. This guide follows the process structure of COBIT 5.0. This guide is aimed at business and IT (service) managers, consultants, auditors and anyone interested in learning more about the possible application of IT governance standards in the IT management domain. In addition, it provides students in IT and Business Administration with a compact reference to COBIT 5.0.
This book examines the theoretical foundations of the processes of planning and design. When people – alone or in groups – want to solve problems or improve their situation, they make plans. Horst Rittel studied this process of making plans and he developed theories – including his notion of "wicked problems" – that are used in many fields today. From product design, architecture and planning – where Rittel’s work was originally developed – to governmental agencies, business schools and software design, Rittel’s ideas are being used. This book collects previously unavailable work of Rittel’s within the framework of a discussion of Rittel’s theories and philosophical influences.
Cost estimating is a powerful tool in industry and business. Anyone involved in cost estimating will find this book extremely useful because of the real life examples, which mean they can use the information in real situations immediately.
This volume constitutes the proceedings of the First International Conference on Constraints in Computational Logics, CCL '94, held in Munich, Germany in September 1994. Besides abstracts or full papers of the 5 invited talks by senior researchers, the book contains revised versions of the 21 accepted research papers selected from a total of 52 submissions. The volume assembles high quality original papers covering major theoretical and practical issues of combining and extending programming paradigms, preferably by using constraints. The topics covered include symbolic constraints, set constraints, numerical constraints, multi-paradigm programming, combined calculi, constraints in rewriting, deduction, symbolic computations, and working systems.
Translated from the second edition of a successful French publication, this book has been thoroughly updated to include full coverage of the new UMTS standard. It looks at the topic from a system's point of view and covers both the architecture and the techniques employed in the UMTS network. The introductory chapters cover the origins of UMTS and its relation to the other third generation technologies. The later chapters are more technical and describe different aspects such as the architecture, the structure of the radio interface, the protocols used and the importance of the GSM inheritance.
The areas of natural language processing and computational linguistics have continued to grow in recent years, driven by the demand to automatically process text and spoken data. With the processing power and techniques now available, research is scaling up from lab prototypes to real-world, proven applications. This book teaches the principles of natural language processing, first covering practical linguistics issues such as encoding and annotation schemes, defining words, tokens and parts of speech and morphology, as well as key concepts in machine learning, such as entropy, regression and classification, which are used throughout the book. It then details the language-processing functions involved, including part-of-speech tagging using rules and stochastic techniques, using Prolog to write phase-structure grammars, syntactic formalisms and parsing techniques, semantics, predicate logic and lexical semantics and analysis of discourse and applications in dialogue systems. A key feature of the book is the author's hands-on approach throughout, with sample code in Prolog and Perl, extensive exercises, and a detailed introduction to Prolog. The reader is supported with a companion website that contains teaching slides, programs and additional material. The second edition is a complete revision of the techniques exposed in the book to reflect advances in the field the author redesigned or updated all the chapters, added two new ones and considerably expanded the sections on machine-learning techniques.
The book is devoted to the very basis of acoustics and vibro-acoustics. The physics of the phenomena, the analytical methods and the modern numerical techniques are presented in a concise form. Many examples illustrate the fundamental problems and predictions (analytic or numerical) and are often compared to experiments. Some emphasis is put on the mathematical tools required by rigorous theory and reliable prediction methods. - A series of practical problems, which reflect the content of each chapter - Reference to the major treatises and fundamental recent papers - Current computing techniques, used in problem solving
This unique book gives a general unified presentation of the use of the multiscale/multiresolution approaches in the field of turbulence. The coverage ranges from statistical models developed for engineering purposes to multiresolution algorithms for the direct computation of turbulence. It provides the only available up-to-date reviews dealing with the latest and most advanced turbulence models (including LES, VLES, hybrid RANS/LES, DES) and numerical strategies.The book aims at providing the reader with a comprehensive description of modern strategies for turbulent flow simulation, ranging from turbulence modeling to the most advanced multilevel numerical methods.
Make it Simple and Keep it SimpleSince the early 2000s numerous external scenarios and drivers have added significant pressures upon the IT organisations. Among many, these include:Regulatory compliance: data privacy requirements and corporate scandals have focused a requirement for transparency with high impact on IT organisationsEconomic pressures: require IT organisations to more closely align with business imperatives.The outcome has been an explosion of standards and frameworks each designed to support the IT organisation as it demonstrates to the world that they are the rock of an organisation: strong, reliable, effective and efficient. Most of these standards and frameworks have great elements but no organisation can adopt them all and many were created without sufficient considerations for interoperability. The IT Service (in 2 parts) looks at the key and very simple goals of an IT organisation and clearly and succinctly presents to the reader the best rock solid elements in the Industry. It then shows how all the key elements can easily crystallise together with great templates and check-lists. In Part 1 (this book) the reader is presented with the simple objectives that the IT organisation really must address. The author uses his extensive expertise to present to the reader they key themes and processes that apply. In order to keep it simple the author strips down what appears to be complex standards into their basic components and demonstrates to the reader that these components are actually common sense. The author s independence means that the reader doesn t get one view of one or two approaches every aspect of the IT service is considered and presented to create a unique holistic view of the basic building blocks of a rock solid IT department. Topics included are:Designing The ServiceManagement Of RisksTransitioning The ServiceManaging The Service Day-To-DayImprovement EffortsUpcoming TrendsN.B.: In Part 2 (another book) the reader gains expert advice on how the components of IT Service are crystallised in a real environment.
Since the early 2000s numerous external scenarios and drivers have added significant pressures upon the IT organisations. Among many, these include:Regulatory compliance: data privacy requirements and corporate scandals have focused a requirement for transparency with high impact on IT organisationsEconomic pressures: require IT organisations to more closely align with business imperatives.The outcome has been an explosion of standards and frameworks each designed to support the IT organisation as it demonstrates to the world that they are the rock of an organisation: strong, reliable, effective and efficient. Most of these standards and frameworks have great elements but no organisation can adopt them all and many were created without sufficient considerations for interoperability.The IT Service (in 2 parts) looks at the key and very simple goals of an IT organisation and clearly and succinctly presents to the reader the best rock solid elements in the Industry. It then shows how all the key elements can easily crystallise together with great templates and check-lists.In Part 1 (another book) the reader is presented with the simple objectives that the IT department really must address.In Part 2 (this book) the reader gains expert advice on how the components of IT Service are crystallised in a real environment. There s a delightfully simple set of steps:OVERVIEW OF THE SERVICE DESIGN PACKAGETHE SERVICE STRATEGYASPECTS Of SERVICE DESIGNOUTPUTS OF THE SERVICE DESIGN PHASEOUTPUTS OF THE SERVICE TRANSITION PHASEOUTPUTS OF THE SERVICE OPERATION PHASEWithin these the Author gives a very simple set of templates (or tells you where they are to be found), practical guidance and very simple checklists. It s up the reader how far you develop each stage: a lot depends on the nature of your business of course. The joy of this approach is that the reader knows that all basic components are identified -- and that more extensive resources are referred to if the reader wishes to extend.
A guide to machine learning approaches and their application to the analysis of biological data. An unprecedented wealth of data is being generated by genome sequencing projects and other experimental efforts to determine the structure and function of biological molecules. The demands and opportunities for interpreting these data are expanding rapidly. Bioinformatics is the development and application of computer methods for management, analysis, interpretation, and prediction, as well as for the design of experiments. Machine learning approaches (e.g., neural networks, hidden Markov models, and belief networks) are ideally suited for areas where there is a lot of data but little theory, which is the situation in molecular biology. The goal in machine learning is to extract useful information from a body of data by building good probabilistic models—and to automate the process as much as possible. In this book Pierre Baldi and Søren Brunak present the key machine learning approaches and apply them to the computational problems encountered in the analysis of biological data. The book is aimed both at biologists and biochemists who need to understand new data-driven algorithms and at those with a primary background in physics, mathematics, statistics, or computer science who need to know more about applications in molecular biology. This new second edition contains expanded coverage of probabilistic graphical models and of the applications of neural networks, as well as a new chapter on microarrays and gene expression. The entire text has been extensively revised.
Faced with ever-increasing complexity on a daily basis, the decision-makers of today are struggling to find the appropriate models, methods and tools to face the issues arising in complex systems across all levels of global operations. Having, in the past, resorted to outdated approaches which limit problem-solving to linear world views, we must now capitalize on complexities in order to succeed and progress in our society. This book provides a guide to harnessing the wealth inherent to complex systems. It organizes the transition to complex decision-making in all business spheres while providing many examples in various application domains. The authors offer fresh developments for understanding and mastering the global “uberization” of the economy, the post-modern management of computer-assisted production and the rise of cognitive robotics science applications.
A Probabilistic Model of the Genotype/Phenotype Relationship provides a new hypothesis on the relationship between genotype and phenotype. The main idea of the book is that this relationship is probabilistic, in other words, the genotype does not fully explain the phenotype. This idea is developed and discussed using the current knowledge on complex genetic diseases, phenotypic plasticity, canalization and others.
The essential corporate finance text, updated with new data Corporate Finance has long been a favourite among both students and professionals in the field for its unique blend of theory and practice with a truly global perspective. The fact that the authors are well-known academics and professionals in the world of mergers and acquisitions (M&A) and investment explains this popularity. This new Fifth Edition continues the tradition, offering a comprehensive tour of the field through scenario-based instruction that places concept and application in parallel. A new chapter has been added, devoted to the financial management of operating buildings that aims to answer questions such as, “to own or to rent?” “variable or fixed rents?” etc. The book’s companion website features regularly updated statistics, graphs and charts, along with study aids including quizzes, case studies, articles, lecture notes and computer models, reflecting the author team’s deep commitment to facilitating well-rounded knowledge of corporate finance topics. In addition, a monthly free newsletter keeps the readers updated on the latest developments in corporate finance as well as the book’s Facebook page, which publishes a post daily. Financial concepts can be quite complex, but a familiar setting eases understanding while immediate application promotes retention over simple memorisation. As comprehensive, relevant skills are the goal, this book blends academic and industry perspective with the latest regulatory and practical developments to provide a complete corporate finance education with real-world applicability. Blend theory and practice to gain a more relevant understanding of corporate finance concepts Explore the field from a truly European perspective for a more global knowledge base Learn essential concepts, tools and techniques by delving into real-world applications Access up-to-date data, plus quizzes, case studies, lecture notes and more A good financial manager must be able to analyse a company’s economic, financial and strategic situation, and then value it, all while mastering the conceptual underpinnings of all decisions involved. By emphasising the ways in which concepts impact and relate to real-world situations, Corporate Finance provides exceptional preparation for working productively and effectively in the field.
Floating-point arithmetic is the most widely used way of implementing real-number arithmetic on modern computers. However, making such an arithmetic reliable and portable, yet fast, is a very difficult task. As a result, floating-point arithmetic is far from being exploited to its full potential. This handbook aims to provide a complete overview of modern floating-point arithmetic. So that the techniques presented can be put directly into practice in actual coding or design, they are illustrated, whenever possible, by a corresponding program. The handbook is designed for programmers of numerical applications, compiler designers, programmers of floating-point algorithms, designers of arithmetic operators, and more generally, students and researchers in numerical analysis who wish to better understand a tool used in their daily work and research.
This revised and updated third edition outlines a set of best practices for creating reusable designs for use in an System-on-a-Chip (SoC) design methodology. These practices are based on the authors' experience in developing reusable designs, as well as the experience of design teams in many companies around the world.
This volume contains papers presented at the second International Workshop on Word Equations and Related Topics (IWWERT '91), held at the University ofRouen in October 1991. The papers are on the following topics: general solution of word equations, conjugacy in free inverse monoids, general A- and AX-unification via optimized combination procedures, wordequations with two variables, a conjecture about conjugacy in free groups, acase of termination for associative unification, theorem proving by combinatorial optimization, solving string equations with constant restriction, LOP (toward a new implementation of Makanin's algorithm), word unification and transformation of generalizedequations, unification in the combination of disjoint theories, on the subsets of rank two in a free monoid (a fast decision algorithm), and a solution of the complement problem in associative-commutative theories.
A classic text about the social study of food, this is the first English language edition of Jean-Pierre Poulain's seminal work. Tracing the history of food scholarship, The Sociology of Food provides an overview of sociological theory and its relevance to the field of food. Divided into two parts, Poulain begins by exploring the continuities and changes in the modern diet. From the effect of globalization on food production and supply, to evolving cultural responses to food – including cooking and eating practices, the management of consumer anxieties, and concerns over obesity and the medicalization of food – the first part examines how changing food practices have shaped and are shaped by wider social trends. The second part provides an overview of the emergence of food as an academic focus for sociologists and anthropologists. Revealing the obstacles that lay in the way of this new field of study, Poulain shows how the discipline was first established and explains its development over the last forty years. Destined to become a key text for students and scholars, The Sociology of Food makes a major contribution to food studies and sociology. This edition features a brand new chapter focusing on the development of food studies in the English-speaking world and a preface, specifically written for the edition.
The Testing Network" presents an integrated approach to testing based on cutting-edge methodologies, processes and tools in today's IT context. It means complex network-centric applications to be tested in heterogeneous IT infrastructures and in multiple test environments (also geographically distributed). The added-value of this book is the in-depth explanation of all processes and relevant methodologies and tools to address this complexity. Main aspects of testing are explained using TD/QC - the world-leader test platform. This up-to-date know-how is based on real-life IT experiences gained in large-scale projects of companies operating worldwide. The book is abundantly illustrated to better show all technical aspects of modern testing in a national and international context. The author has a deep expertise by designing and giving testing training in large companies using the above-mentioned tools and processes. "The Testing Network" is a unique synthesis of core test topics applied in real-life.
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