The combinatorial theory of species, introduced by Joyal in 1980, provides a unified understanding of the use of generating functions for both labelled and unlabelled structures and as a tool for the specification and analysis of these structures. Of particular importance is their capacity to transform recursive definitions of tree-like structures into functional or differential equations, and vice versa. The goal of this book is to present the basic elements of the theory and to give a unified account of its developments and applications. It offers a modern introduction to the use of various generating functions, with applications to graphical enumeration, Polya theory and analysis of data structures in computer science, and to other areas such as special functions, functional equations, asymptotic analysis and differential equations. This book will be a valuable reference to graduate students and researchers in combinatorics, analysis, and theoretical computer science.
“Property is robbery!” This slogan coined by the French political philosopher Pierre-Joseph Proudhon is one of his answers to the titular question of his 1840 treatise, What Is Property? A fervent attack against the established order of capitalism and private property, the publication of What Is Property? almost immediately led to Proudhon’s official prosecution and the revocation of Proudhon’s scholarship by the Academy of Besançon. (Proudhon, an autodidact of humble origins who began his working life as a printer, relied on the scholarship for financial support.) Proudhon evaded the worst of the consequences thanks to the intervention of the economist Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui, to whom the second memoir contained in the book is addressed. In this treatise, Proudhon contrasts the legitimate right to possession, in which individuals own the products of their labor and the necessary means of production, and the illegitimate right to property, the absolute right granted to proprietors by civil laws to “use and abuse.” Proudhon examines the implications of the right to property and concludes that, among other things, property is “impossible,” “homicide,” and “the mother of tyranny.” As an alternative to both the proprietary and communist systems of economic organization, Proudhon advances his anarchist economic theory of “mutualism,” in which a socialist society would be organized based on free market exchanges wherein the value of a good or service is determined by the time and expense it has cost the laborer to produce. This edition of What Is Property? was translated in 1876 by Benjamin Tucker, who was a notable advocate of individualist anarchism in his own right in the United States.
POUR COMPRENDRE GEORGE SAND, IL SUFFIT SIMPLEMENT DE LA REGARDER VIVRE Au-delà des clichés moralisateurs (la maîtresse scandaleuse de Musset, l'égérie en pantalon et fumant cigare, ou la Bonne Dame de Nohant) et des visions réductrices de l'œuvre (les extraits bucoliques de La Mare au diable ou de La Petite Fadette), Pierre Salomon s'est appuyé sur les faits, pour retracer avec naturel et vérité le prodigieux itinéraire humain, social et littéraire de la romancière. Sans négliger les amants (dont il tient le compte le plus scrupuleux !), il institue un chaleureux dialogue entre la vie et l'œuvre. Avant de nous quitter, Pierre Salomon a remanié entièrement son ouvrage qui faisait autorité dans la célèbre collection « Connaissance des Lettres » de chez Hatier. Pour notre plaisir et notre édification, il a fait la synthèse du prodigieux essor des études sandiennes depuis quelques années, sous la triple impulsion de la Correspondance éditée d'exemplaire manière par Georges Lubin, des publications de la revue Présence de George Sand, et de l'ambitieux programme de réédition complète de l'œuvre romanesque entrepris par les Éditions de l'Aurore. Il tombait une petite pluie fine et froide le 10 juin 1876, lorsque, vers une heure de l'après-midi, le cercueil porté par des paysans vêtus de la traditionnelle blouse bleue sortit du château de Nohant et pénétra dans la petite église déjà pleine de monde. Quelques célébrités étaient présentes : Flaubert, Dumas, Renan, Calmann-Lévy, le prince Napoléon. Au cimetière les femmes du pays, enveloppées dans leur cape, écoutèrent agenouillées sur le sol humide les dernières prières et les discours de Périgois et Victor Hugo. Qui pleurait-on ce jour-là ? Sans doute la charmante vieille dame que cette foule recueillie avait connue et aimée. Mais aussi la romancière audacieuse qui avait écrit Indiana et Lélia, la femme généreuse qui aurait voulu être Consuelo, qui avait employé toutes les ressources de son talent à lutter pour le bonheur et la réconciliation des hommes, qui avait su découvrir et traduire avec émotion la poésie des existences les plus humbles. Et celle-là n'est pas près de mourir au cœur des hommes de bonne volonté.
Quel est le sens de la relation entre acteurs politiques, journalistes ou professionnels du divertissement dans les divers programmes proposés aujourd'hui aux téléspectateurs ? Peut-on se contenter d'opposer le sérieux et la profondeur de certaines émissions à la légèreté des talk-shows ? A quels types de transformation de l'activité politique, de la télévision ou des attentes des téléspectateurs renvoient l'existence et le succès de ces programmes ?
This 1995 book by Pierre Macherey was his first dealing with literature and theory since his seminal A Theory of Literary Production. Continuing the project of Althusserian theory, Macherey engages in a series of close exegeses of classical texts in French literature and philosophy, from the late eighteenth century down to the 1970s, that explore the historically variable but thematically similar ways in which literary texts represent philosophical ideas. Rejecting the simple notion that literature deploys philosophical topoi in an unmediated manner, Macherey shows the conceptual sophistication - and broad intellectual influence - that literary art has displayed in the modern period. At once a theoretical meditation of great originality and a historical work of scrupulous scholarship, The Object of Literature will entrench Pierre Macherey's already considerable reputation as one of the most significant contemporary theoreticians of literature.
Someone has said: "Addicts don't often change when they see the light. They change when they feel the heat."As a former addict who struggled with addictions to alcohol, drugs and promiscuity for many years, I understand the many difficulties addicts and recovering addicts face. Maybe you're reading this because you're fighting your own addiction. Maybe you know someone who is. I've been through both secular and Christian recovery programs, and have taken what worked for me and others, and discarded what didn't. What's left is a treatment and recovery program based on solid practices. I am now a certified addiction counselor and ordained minister with the Canadian Baptists of Western Canada. My prayer is that you'll see yourself or a loved one in these pages, and find the help you need to break free.I encourage you to choose to quit and stay quit, work the steps, get a support system, and investigate the abundant life Jesus has prepared for you.
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