In the space of six years, the united States have reduced their dependence on oil by a third and have become almost self-sufficient in terms of gas supply. This “shale oil and gas revolution”, a sudden and unexpected earthquake in the energy world, enabled the US to become one of the most competitive countries in the world. Exporting this revolution could double the world gas reserves and boost those of oil by 20%. Outside North America, the main reservoirs are thought to be in China, Russia and Argentina. In the medium term, this new state of affairs will have major geopolitical consequences, fundamentally altering oil, gas and coal imports. While US imports from the Persian Gulf rapidly dwindle, those of China and India will significantly increase and as the United States becomes a gas exporter, Russia will have to find alternative markets. Although it is not ranked in the “top 10”, Europe is thought to have vast resources. Yet for the realization of a major European project, a number of geological (are European source rocks as high quality as their US counterparts?), economic (will Europe be able to develop its resources at an acceptable cost?) and societal barriers will have to be overcome. On a densely-populated, urban continent, hydraulic fracturing, water supply, microseisms and surface impact represent a battery of “threats” for the stakeholders. Changing this perception will require both pedagogy and transparency regarding the local communities. This has to be a win/win situation and not a case of give and take. In this work, written in the form of 20 questions for non-specialists, Philippe Charlez and Pascal Baylocq give you the answers to “everything you always wanted to know about shale oil and gas but never dared to ask".
This atlas offers a guide to studying the fetal face by means of ultrasound analysis. It describes key phases in cranial-facial development, allowing the reader to learn the related semiology from its most simple iteration to the most complex one. The overall examination of a newborn’s face offers a rich source of information and can guide the general examination. The same applies in the context of fetal ultrasound examination. The analytical study of the fetal face not only makes it possible to screen for anomalies related to the face itself, but also yields valuable insights into the brain, the limbs, and the heart. In addition, it allows ultra-sonographers to unravel the puzzle of fetal dimorphism. Written in a pedagogical style, the book guides walks the reader through the diagnostic reasoning process step by step. The authors are pioneers in this field and teach in various university and master’s degree ultrasound programs. Their aim is to share with readers their diagnostic approaches and their knowledge and passion for 2D and 3D ultrasound techniques. Each chapter includes algorithms, biometry curves, and simple guidelines that allow users to go “from sign to syndrome”. The first chapter, which focuses on innovative embryology adapted to the needs of ultra-sonographers, was written by Gérard Couly, a maxilla-facial surgeon and the founding father of the specialty>
This book provides a detailed account of the Third Republic in France between the outbreak and conduct of the First World War and the fall of Leon Blum's Front Populaire soon after Hitler's invasion and annexation of Austria in 1938. Following the trauma of war, France slipped into the "era of illusions" which despite the comparative prosperity of the 1920s led to the slump and the severe social and economic unrest of the 1930s. The short-lived experiment of Blum's Front Populaire gave way to more conservatively-based ministries, but by 1938 a new common enemy began to draw together the political opinion of the country.
This book contains two of the three lectures given at the Saint-Flour Summer School of Probability Theory during the period August 18 to September 4, 1993.
Bacterial meningitis (BM) remains a major global challenge. Globally, Hib, S. pneumoniae, and N. meningitidis cause about 90% of cases of BM beyond the neonatal period. After colonization of the upper respiratory tract by one of these pathogens, invasion occurs across the epithelium. Following entry into the bloodstream, bacteria survive through evasion of the complement system. Once into the CSF, bacteria multiply very actively. The clinical features of BM depend on the age of the patient, duration of illness, the pathogen involved, and host response to infection. Major neurological findings include meningeal signs, altered consciousness, increased intracranial pressure, seizures, and focal findings. Complications such as prolonged fever, seizures, subdural effusions, subdural empyema, and brain abscesses occur with variable frequencies. History, physical examination, and lumbar puncture are essential steps to establish the diagnosis of BM and should be performed before the initiation of antimicrobial therapy. Blood tests and CSF examination are essential for the diagnosis of BM. Various clinical scores have been recently developed to predict the risk of BM. Children with BM should be monitored for anticipated complications. Prompt initiation of therapy with appropriate antimicrobial agents given at correct dosage is essential in the management of these patients.
This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the major key concepts common to economics and evolutionary biology. Written by a group of philosophers of science, biologists and economists, it proposes analyses of the meaning of twenty-five concepts from the viewpoint respectively of economics and of evolutionary biology –each followed by a short synthesis emphasizing major discrepancies and commonalities. This analysis is surrounded by chapters exploring the nature of the analogy that connects evolution and economics, and chapters that summarize the major teachings of the analyses of the keywords. Most scholars in biology and in economics know that their science has something in common with the other one, for instance the notions of competition and resources. Textbooks regularly acknowledge that the two fields share some history – Darwin borrowing from Malthus the insistence on scarcity of resources, and then behavioral ecologists adapting and transforming game theory into evolutionary game theory in the 1980s, while Friedman famously alluded to a Darwinian process yielding the extant firms. However, the real extent of the similarities, the reasons why they are so close, and the limits and even the nature of the analogy connecting economics and biological evolution, remain inexplicit. This book proposes basis analyses that can sustain such explication. It is intended for researchers, grad students and master students in evolutionary and in economics, as well as in philosophy of science.
This book is primarily intended as a research monograph that could also be used in graduate courses for the design of parallel algorithms in matrix computations. It assumes general but not extensive knowledge of numerical linear algebra, parallel architectures, and parallel programming paradigms. The book consists of four parts: (I) Basics; (II) Dense and Special Matrix Computations; (III) Sparse Matrix Computations; and (IV) Matrix functions and characteristics. Part I deals with parallel programming paradigms and fundamental kernels, including reordering schemes for sparse matrices. Part II is devoted to dense matrix computations such as parallel algorithms for solving linear systems, linear least squares, the symmetric algebraic eigenvalue problem, and the singular-value decomposition. It also deals with the development of parallel algorithms for special linear systems such as banded ,Vandermonde ,Toeplitz ,and block Toeplitz systems. Part III addresses sparse matrix computations: (a) the development of parallel iterative linear system solvers with emphasis on scalable preconditioners, (b) parallel schemes for obtaining a few of the extreme eigenpairs or those contained in a given interval in the spectrum of a standard or generalized symmetric eigenvalue problem, and (c) parallel methods for computing a few of the extreme singular triplets. Part IV focuses on the development of parallel algorithms for matrix functions and special characteristics such as the matrix pseudospectrum and the determinant. The book also reviews the theoretical and practical background necessary when designing these algorithms and includes an extensive bibliography that will be useful to researchers and students alike. The book brings together many existing algorithms for the fundamental matrix computations that have a proven track record of efficient implementation in terms of data locality and data transfer on state-of-the-art systems, as well as several algorithms that are presented for the first time, focusing on the opportunities for parallelism and algorithm robustness.
Teach Your Students Both the Mathematics of Numerical Methods and the Art of Computer ProgrammingIntroduction to Computational Linear Algebra presents classroom-tested material on computational linear algebra and its application to numerical solutions of partial and ordinary differential equations. The book is designed for senior undergraduate stud
Planning in the Soviet Union compiles the result of M. Bernard’s two-month visit to the USSR in 1961, for the purpose of investigating regional planning on behalf of the French Government Planning Office. This compilation deals with the Soviet planning apparatus, including its organization and administration together with the reforms that have been at work since 1957, furnishing a broad outline of the many economic and social problems forming the essence of Soviet thinking and planning. This book provides a very clear picture of the complexity of problems involved, particularly with the USSR government battling with the concepts of centralization, decentralization, and in industry between a vertical and horizontal structure. The topics that include economic growth, investment, location of industry, transport, manpower, use of available local resources, and migration are discussed only in broad outline of the magnitude of problems in the Soviet economic system. The efficiency of investments, choice of criteria, problem of priorities, productivity in highly integrated units, rationalization, specialization, and cooperation are also deliberated in this selection. This publication is intended for the average informed reader, particularly those who are interested in administering the planning apparatus in the near future.
Dedicated to a complete presentation on all aspects of reverberation chambers, this book provides the physical principles behind these test systems in a very progressive manner. The detailed panorama of parameters governing the operation of electromagnetic reverberation chambers details various applications such as radiated immunity, emissivity, and shielding efficiency experiments. In addition, the reader is provided with the elements of electromagnetic theory and statistics required to take full advantage of the basic operational rules of reverberation chambers, including calibration procedures. Comparisons with other testing systems (TEM cells, anechoic chambers) are also discussed.
Thank you for visiting our website. Would you like to provide feedback on how we could improve your experience?
This site does not use any third party cookies with one exception — it uses cookies from Google to deliver its services and to analyze traffic.Learn More.