Synthesis is one of the distinguishing features of chemistry as a science. It is the synthetic chemist who uses their intimate understanding of molecular structure and properties to produce materials of great value to society. Thus, it is important for students of chemistry to study synthesis and acquire a working knowledge that enables them to address the following question: given a specific molecular target, how does one formulate a plan for its synthesis? This synthesis primer provides students who have taken introductory organic chemistry with a set of tools that can be used to plan a synthesis. It may be used in conjunction with a synthetic methods course, or it can stand alone. Features: Provides students who have taken introductory organic chemistry with a set of tools that can be used to plan a synthesis Serves to help organic chemists at all levels to better understand published syntheses Focuses on natural products, their complexity, and diverse structures which challenge and inspire the chemists preparing them Succinct, readable treatment of important concepts and applications geared towards advanced undergraduates and graduate students Each synthesis covered begins with a brief discussion of the target molecule and challenges they present, followed by retrosynthetic considerations
This handbook provides the theoretical and practical information necessary to explore new applications for Grignard reagents on a day-to-day basis, presenting a comprehensive overview of current research activities in Grignard chemistry. This book surveys specific reactions and applications of Grignard reagents, organized by type of substrate and t
From Boron Trifluoride to Zinc, the 52 most widely used reagents in organic synthesis are described in this unique desktop reference for every organic chemist. The list of reagents contains classics such as N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) and Trifluoromethanesulfonic Acid side by side with recently developed ones like Pinacolborane and Tetra-n-propylammonium Perruthenate (TPAP). For each reagent, a concise article provides a brief description of all important reactions for which the reagent is being used, including yields and reaction conditions, an overview of the physical properties of the reagent, its storage conditions, safe handling, laboratory synthesis and purification methods. Advantages and disadvantages of the reagent compared to alternative synthesis methods are also discussed. Reagents have been hand-picked from among the 5000 reagents contained in EROS, the Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. Every organic chemist should be familiar with these key reagents that can make almost every reaction work.
Scent and Chemistry Odor impressions have cast a spell over mankind since the dim and distant past. But even today, we are –consciously or subconsciously– guided by our sense of smell and the chemistry behind it. The prominent fragrance chemists Günther Ohloff, Wilhelm Pickenhagen and Philip Kraft convey the scientist, the perfumer, and the interested layman with a vivid and up-to-date picture of the chemistry of odorants and the research in odor perception. In this second thoroughly revised and updated edition they are joined by creative perfumer Fanny Grau, a rising master in this métier, who complements the scientific treatise by a concise introduction to the art of perfumery and its composition techniques. Besides this new chapter on the creative aspects of perfumery, the book details on the molecular basis of olfaction, olfactory characterization of perfumery materials, structure–odor relationships, the chemical synthesis of odorants, and the chemistry of essential oils and odorants from the animal kingdom, backed up by many perfume examples and historical aspects. It will serve as a thorough introductory text for everyone interested in the molecular world of odors.
The first three chapters of this latest volume are organised by reaction type. Later chapters deal with methods of synthesizing heterocyclic systems, the use of protecting groups and synthetically useful transformations. The final chapters deals with reviews and are divided by specific topics. Clearly organised review of synthetically useful information. Emphasize on rapid visual retrieval. Extensive use of references. Beneficial to nearly all organic chemists, both specialists and nonspecialists in synthesis.
This up-to-date review of seed genomics, from basic seed biology to practical applications in crop science, provides a thorough background understanding of seed biology from a basic science perspective. A valuable resource for advanced graduate students, post-docs, researchers and professionals in the Plant and Crop Sciences, this book brings together top researchers in the field to cover three general themes: genomic approaches to studying seeds, genomic analysis of basic seed biology, and crop seed genomics. A valuable resource for advanced graduate students, post-docs, researchers and professionals in the Plant and Crop Sciences
Infancy presents the long-awaited report of the authors' 6-year study of infant day care that will affect future thinking on the cognitive and emotional processes in infancy and later growth. In this edition the statistical summary has been removed from the appendix to shorten the work and make it more appealing to the general reader.
`The Sociological Ambition is a superb book... It is beautifully written, expertly edited and renders complex and original ideas entirely accessible... This is a modern classic′ - Journal of Contemporary Religion `For all social scientists who are fed up with corporate-style textbooks, which appeal to the lowest common denominator The Sociological Ambition must come as a relief. Shilling and Mellor have written an account of their discipline but they have done so with a multi-purpose task in mind′ - Irish Journal of Sociology In a comprehensive reassessment of the field, Chris Shilling and Philip A Mellor examine the various attempts that have been made to reconstruct sociology over the last century, arguing that classical and contemporary social theories must be studied in relation to the ambition that first shaped and established the discipline. The authors begin by situating sociology in its historical, philosophical and theological contexts; examining how the founders of the discipline developed competing analyses of the processes elementary to social and moral life through their unique contributions. The result is a landmark work in recent sociological study. Accomplished and erudite, this book will be required reading for students of sociology, social theory, religious studies and cultural studies.
Urban Ecology: An Introduction seeks to open the reader’s mind and eyes to the way in which nature permeates everyday urban living, and how it has to be understood, cared for, and managed in order to make our towns and cities healthier places to visit and in which to live and work. The authors examine how nature can improve our physical and mental health, the air we breathe and the waters we use, as well as boosting our enjoyment of parks and gardens. Urban Ecology sets out the science that underlies the changing natural scene and the tools used to ensure that cities become both capable of adapting to climate change and more beautiful and resilient. The book begins with a discussion of the nature of urban places and the role of nature in towns and cities. Part 1 looks at the context and content of urban ecology, its relationship to other foci of interest within ecology and other environmental sciences, and the character of city landscapes and ecosystems. In Part 2 the authors set out the physical and chemical components of urban ecosystems and ecological processes, including urban weather and climate, urban geomorphology and soils, urban hydrology and urban biogeochemical cycles. In Part 3 urban habitats, urban flora and fauna, and the effects of, deliberate and inadvertent human action on urban biota are examined. Part 4 contains an exploration of the identification and assessment of ecosystem services in urban areas, emphasising economic evaluation, the importance of urban nature for human health and well-being, and restoration ecology and creative conservation. Finally, in Part 5 the tasks for urban ecologists in optimising and sustaining urban ecosystems, providing for nature in cities, adapting to climate change and in developing the urban future in a more sustainable manner are set out. Within the 16 chapters of the book – in which examples from around the world are drawn upon - the authors explore current practice and future alternatives, set out procedures for ecological assessment and evaluation, suggest student activities and discussion topics, provide recommended reading and an extensive bibliography. The book contains more than 150 tables and over 150 photographs and diagrams.
This title provides a new account of the literary history of fourteenth-century England, arguing that many of this period's most distinctive literary experiments emerge through a productive dialogue with the 'Romance of the Rose', a jointly-authored medieval French poem.
During the last few years, the impact of organosulfur chemistry, especially in the areas of stereocontrolled processes, has led to an explosion of interest in the field. This book is intended to provide in-depth coverage of topics of interest throughout the whole range of organic sulfur chemistry, including bio-organic, physical organic, and synthetic aspects.This books covers such topics as:Synthetic transformations involving thiiranium ion intermediatesOptically active (-ketosulfoxides and analogues in asymmetric synthesisTrends in the chemistry of 1,3-dithioacetals
During the last decade, cell phones with multimodal interfaces based on combined new media have become the dominant computer interface worldwide. Multimodal interfaces support mobility and expand the expressive power of human input to computers. They have shifted the fulcrum of human-computer interaction much closer to the human. This book explains the foundation of human-centered multimodal interaction and interface design, based on the cognitive and neurosciences, as well as the major benefits of multimodal interfaces for human cognition and performance. It describes the data-intensive methodologies used to envision, prototype, and evaluate new multimodal interfaces. From a system development viewpoint, this book outlines major approaches for multimodal signal processing, fusion, architectures, and techniques for robustly interpreting users' meaning. Multimodal interfaces have been commercialized extensively for field and mobile applications during the last decade. Research also is growing rapidly in areas like multimodal data analytics, affect recognition, accessible interfaces, embedded and robotic interfaces, machine learning and new hybrid processing approaches, and similar topics. The expansion of multimodal interfaces is part of the long-term evolution of more expressively powerful input to computers, a trend that will substantially improve support for human cognition and performance. Table of Contents: Preface: Intended Audience and Teaching with this Book / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Definition and Typre of Multimodal Interface / History of Paradigm Shift from Graphical to Multimodal Interfaces / Aims and Advantages of Multimodal Interfaces / Evolutionary, Neuroscience, and Cognitive Foundations of Multimodal Interfaces / Theoretical Foundations of Multimodal Interfaces / Human-Centered Design of Multimodal Interfaces / Multimodal Signal Processing, Fusion, and Architectures / Multimodal Language, Semantic Processing, and Multimodal Integration / Commercialization of Multimodal Interfaces / Emerging Multimodal Research Areas, and Applications / Beyond Multimodality: Designing More Expressively Powerful Interfaces / Conclusions and Future Directions / Bibliography / Author Biographies
A dinosaur book like no other, this irreverent chronicle of science and pseudoscience takes the reader on a journey through numerous bizarre ideas about ancient reptiles. Were dragon legends inspired by human encounters with fire-breathing dinosaurs? Do the Bible and other ancient works of literature and art depict dinosaurs? Astoundingly, those and other strange notions have infiltrated grade-school science textbooks. This exposé unmasks the errors that underlie such notions and reveals the science that flattens them, while treating readers to explanations of rocket fuel, nuclear power plants, the electric eel’s shocking capabilities, and how the young-Earth creationist position contradicts the very scripture that it strives to uphold. Finding humor in absurdity, the book shows fans of science, religious studies, folklore, and fire that young-Earth creationist dinosaur pseudoscience is deeply comic once one gets to know it properly.
The 40-year history of high definition television technology is traced from initial studies in Japan, through its development in Europe, and then to the United States, where the first all-digital systems were implemented. Details are provided about advances in HDTV technology in Australia and Japan, Europe's introduction of HDTV, Brazil's innovative use of MPEG-4 and China's terrestrial standard. The impact of HDTV on broadcast facility conversion and the influx of computer systems and information technology are described, as well as the contributions of the first entrepreneurial HD videographers and engineers. This thoroughly researched volume highlights several of the landmark high-definition broadcasts from 1988 onward, includes input gathered from more than 50 international participants, and concludes with the rollout of consumer HDTV services throughout the world.
This handbook provides a comprehensive and up-to-date summary of neuropsychological approaches to the assessment and study of individual differences. The book covers individual differences in mental abilities such as intelligence, mental retardation, learning memory, language, and reading. In addition, it discusses neurological models of cognitive information processing individual differences in personality and temperament, and neuro-psychological approaches to the assessment of learning disabilities and psychopathological disorders.
Published nearly a decade ago, Fluid Machinery: Performance, Analysis, and Design quickly became popular with students, professors, and professionals because of its comprehensive and comprehensible introduction to the fluid mechanics of turbomachinery. Renamed to reflect its wider scope and reorganized content, this second edition provides a more l
It has been over 50 years since Hans Selye formulated his concept of stress. This came after the isolation of epinephrine and norepinephrine and after the sympathetic system was associated with Walter Cannon's "fight or flight" response. The intervening years have witnessed a number of dis coveries that have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms of the stress response. The isolation, identification and manufacture of gluco corticoids, the identification and synthesis of ACTH and vasopressin, and the demonstration of hypothalamic regulation of ACTH secretion were pivotal discoveries. The recent identification and synthesis of CRR by Willie Vale and his colleagues gave new impetus to stress research. Several new concepts of stress have developed as a result of advances in bench research. These include the concept of an integrated "stress sys tem", the realization that there are bi-directional effects between stress and the immune system, the suggestion that a number of common psychiatric disorders represent dysregulation of systems responding to stress, and the epidemiologic association of stress with the major scourges of humanity.
It happened in Manchester, May 12-14, 2004. - For the fifth time since the early 1990's the Royal Society of Chemistry and the Society of the Chemical Industry jointly held their 'flavours & fragrances' conference, this time in the Manchester Conference Centre of the UMIST Manchester. The meeting saw over one hundred participants from one dozen countries, and was the largest of the series so far. In two and a half days divided into five sessions, twenty-five speakers from academia and industry alike presented their recent research results related to this exciting field, including Natural Products, Foods and Flavors, Perfumery and Olfaction, and last but not least Fragrance Chemistry. Research is more than ever central to the F&F industry with its constant demand for innovation and its frequently changing trends. Especially, in the classic and well-explored domains of musks and amber odorants fascinating new discoveries were made only very recently, which proves the endless possibilities in the search for new aroma chemicals. This was also reflected in the logo of the conference, which featured Ambrocenide? as a new powerful ambery odorant that emerged from classical cedrene chemistry - and it is as well reflected in four of the sixteen conference papers that are collected in this special issue of Chemistry & Biodiversity. With its focus on biorelevant chemicals, Chemistry & Biodiversity was predestined to publish the diverse highlight papers of the 'flavours & fragrances' conference. Fragrance and fragrance materials by definition elicit a biological response, serve as versatile signals, trigger the sense of smell and taste in various ways - and every odorant design is nothing more than 'chemistry probing nature'. But Fragrance Chemistry can also document and even preserve the biodiversity of scents, as was the topic of the lecture of Roman Kaiser, which had been published in advance as the first full paper of Chemistry & Biodiversity.
Written by internationally recognised leaders in the field, Metal Amide Chemistry is the authoritative survey of this important class of compounds, the first since Lappert and Power’s 1980 book “Metal and Metalloid Amides.” An introduction to the topic is followed by in-depth discussions of the amide compounds of: alkali metals alkaline earth metals zinc, cadmium and mercury the transition metals group 3 and lanthanide metals group 13 metals silicon and the group 14 metals group 15 metals the actinide metals Accompanied by a substantial bibliography, this is an essential guide for researchers and advanced students in academia and research working in synthetic organometallic, organic and inorganic chemistry, materials chemistry and catalysis.
The study of proteomics provides researchers with a better understanding of disease and physiological processes in animals. Methods in Animal Proteomics will provide animal scientists and veterinarians currently researching these topics in domestic animals a firm foundation in the basics of proteomics methodology, while also reviewing important advances that will be of interest to established researchers in the field. Chapters will provide practical information on a range of topics including protein identification and separation, bioinformatics, and applications to disease and reproduction research. This text will be written by leading international proteomics experts and essential for researchers in the fields of animal biology and veterinary medicine.
Exceptionally reader-friendly, extensively illustrated, and engagingly thought-provoking, this one-volume historical survey of the humanities is accessible -- and inviting -- to readers with little background in the arts and humanities. Carefully balanced among the major arts, philosophy, and religion and finely focused on selected principal events, styles, movements, and figures, it brings the past to life by including authentic documents from daily life, comparative global perspectives, and examples from literature, philosophy, music -- including the contributions of women and minority artists.
This book investigates the religious role of the individual person in a community setting as it provides a review of the chief issues of Western religion that an introductory text would address. Most Westerners with a Judeo-Christian background do not readily distinguish theological inquiry from religious phenomena. To meet this need the author reviews the chief disciplines related to the scientific study of religion under the central question: How is a person religious, both as an individual and as a member of a community? The author surveys the current history of ideas related to religious phenomena in the areas of philosophy, sociology, psychology, and Western theology.
Peter Lang Incorporated, International Academic Publishers
Published Date
ISBN 10
0820411957
ISBN 13
9780820411958
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