Philip P. Betancourt's Books

The Hagia Photia Cemetery II

The Pottery

By: Philip P. Betancourt,Costis Davaras

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The Hagia Photia Cemetery II

The Pottery

By: Philip P. Betancourt,Costis Davaras

The publication of the Hagia Photia Cemetery is planned in three volumes. The first volume, which has already been published (Davaras and Betancourt 2004), presented the tomb groups and the architecture. The second volume about the excavation of the Hagia Photia cemetery focuses on the pottery. The third volume will present the obsidian, stone finds, metal objects, and other discoveries. The Early Minoan I tombs at Hagia Photia included the largest assemblage of vessels in Cycladic style known from Crete as well as vases from production workshops in Crete. The pottery is extremely important for several reasons, including the definition of the EM I ceramic styles that were being used as funerary offerings in this part of Crete, the establishment of the chronological synchronisms between Crete and the Cyclades, and information on the history of the Minoan pottery industry. When compared with other deposits from EM I Crete, the pottery helps to establish a better understanding of the ceramic development within the first Minoan time period.

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Page Count

281

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623030331

ISBN 13

9781623030339

The Chrysokamino Metallurgy Workshop and Its Territory

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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The Chrysokamino Metallurgy Workshop and Its Territory

By: Philip P. Betancourt

This detailed report describes archaeological fieldwork conducted between 1995 and 1997 in rural northeast Crete. Excavations were made in two locations: a metallurgy workshop (abandoned in EM III) and a nearby rural habitation site, perhaps a farmhouse (used until LM III). An intensive survey of the vicinity revealed other activities in the area from the Early Neolithic onwards, and placed the sites in a micro-regional context. A publication of the Minoan farmhouse will appear subsequently, but this volume stands on its own as both an overview of the project and as a detailed study of the copper smelting workshop.

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486

Publisher

ASCSA

Published Date

ISBN 10

0876615361

ISBN 13

9780876615362

Pseira X

The Excavation of Block AF

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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Pseira X

The Excavation of Block AF

By: Philip P. Betancourt

This book is the tenth volume in the series of excavation reports about the harbor town of Pseira, which is located on the island of the same name, just off the northeast coast of Crete. The book focuses on the excavation and interpretation of the architecture and material culture in Block AF. This southern group of buildings is one of the most important areas in the settlement because of its long succession of building phases. Block AF provides the fullest sequence of building phases from any one area at Pseira, with habitation extending from before MM II to LM III. It has examples of complex architectural details including a "pillar crypt," elaborate upstairs floors, a well-preserved U-shaped staircase, and a well-designed kitchen, all of which contribute significantly to our knowledge of East Cretan building practices. In addition to domestic pottery, the houses furnish examples of stone tools, stone vessels, loom weights, inscriptions in Linear A, cult objects, animal bones, marine shells, and a wide range of material recovered from water sieving. This latter category, with burned grain, fish bones, shells, and other categories of materials, fills many gaps in our knowledge of Pseiran life.

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Page Count

337

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623031117

ISBN 13

9781623031114

Alatzomouri Pefka

A Middle Minoan IIB Workshop Making Organic Dyes

By: Vili Apostolakou,Philip P. Betancourt,Thomas M. Brogan

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Alatzomouri Pefka

A Middle Minoan IIB Workshop Making Organic Dyes

By: Vili Apostolakou,Philip P. Betancourt,Thomas M. Brogan

Excavation of an important site for the early history of dyeing in Minoan Crete revealed a Middle Bronze Age natural dye workshop with several basins carved into bedrock, pottery and stone vessels, stone tools, and animal and plant remains. The evidence contributes new information on the Minoan trade in textiles during the Old Palace period.

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335

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623034256

ISBN 13

9781623034252

Aphrodite's Kephali

An Early Minoan I Defensive Site in Eastern Crete

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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Aphrodite's Kephali

An Early Minoan I Defensive Site in Eastern Crete

By: Philip P. Betancourt

The small site of Aphrodite's Kephali, among several other Minoan and later sites, took advantage of the valley topography in the Isthmus of Ierapetra in eastern Crete by establishing themselves along the nearby hills, resulting in easy access to the natural trade route between the Aegean and the Libyan Seas. A discussion of the architecture, artifacts, and ecofacts are presented from the excavation of this Early Minoan I watchtower. The conclusions challenge some of the commonly held views about Crete in the third millennium B.C. It is suggested that rather than being a precursor to a socially complex state that would arise later, early polities involving several communities probably already existed in the isthmus during the EM I period. Social and economic differentiation existed on a regional, not just a local level, and decisions for mutual defense could involve collaboration by groups of workers, including the building of the watchtower that is the focus of this volume.

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271

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623032830

ISBN 13

9781623032838

The Dams and Water Management Systems of Minoan Pseira

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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The Dams and Water Management Systems of Minoan Pseira

By: Philip P. Betancourt

Excavations at the Bronze Age seaport on Pseira Island uncovered the remains of sophisticated water retention systems that included the addition of retaining walls to prevent erosion, massive dams with associated reservoirs, and small check-dams to ravines that reached over one hundred meters in length in order to control water runoff and make it available for human use. Agriculture was one of the cornerstones of the Bronze Age Cretan economy, and it is no surprise that the ancient inhabitants of the island went to great lengths to control water runoff and make it available for human use. Despite the application of traditional archaeological survey methods, the full extent of the water management systems was not understood fully as the island's rugged topography prevented intensive and thorough survey of many places. The use of a differential Global Positioning System (dGPS) unit provided the opportunity to take a fresh look at the evidence for water management on the island. The results of this study contribute substantial amounts of new information on the little known subject of Minoan water conservation and control.

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Page Count

113

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623030005

ISBN 13

9781623030001

The Hagia Photia Cemetery I

The Tomb Groups and Architecture

By: Philip P. Betancourt,Costis Davaras

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The Hagia Photia Cemetery I

The Tomb Groups and Architecture

By: Philip P. Betancourt,Costis Davaras

The Hagia Photia Cemetery takes its name from the nearby village on the northeast coast of Crete, 5 km east of modern Siteia. This large Early Minoan burial ground with over fifteen hundred Cycladic imports was discovered in 1971. A total of 263 tombs were excavated as a rescue excavation in 1971 and 1984. Among the 1800 artefacts are some of the earliest known Cretan discoveries of several types: the grave goods come mostly from the Kampos Group, an assemblage of artefacts known mainly from the Cyclades. Similarly, the tombs represent an architectural style and a series of burial customs that are foreign to Crete but familiar from elsewhere within the Aegean. In fact, the cemetery has such close parallels from the Cyclades that it has often been regarded as a Cycladic colony. The burial contents are an extremely interesting body of evidence for the study of the formative phases of Minoan Crete.

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297

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623030722

ISBN 13

9781623030728

Hagios Charalambos

A Minoan Burial Cave in Crete: I. Excavation and Portable Objects

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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Hagios Charalambos

A Minoan Burial Cave in Crete: I. Excavation and Portable Objects

By: Philip P. Betancourt

This is the first of five planned volumes to present the primary archaeological report about the excavation of the cave of Hagios Charalambos in eastern Crete. The Minoans used this small cavern as an ossuary for the secondary burial of human remains and grave goods, primarily during the Early and Middle Bronze Age. The geography and geology surrounding the cave is discussed along with the methodology of the excavation. A portion of the pottery and all of the small finds are presented with many illustrations.

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Page Count

207

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623033934

ISBN 13

9781623033934

The Cretan Collection in the University of Pennsylvania Museum III

Metal Objects from Gournia

By: Philip P. Betancourt,Susan C. Ferrence,Alessandra Giumlia-Mair

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The Cretan Collection in the University of Pennsylvania Museum III

Metal Objects from Gournia

By: Philip P. Betancourt,Susan C. Ferrence,Alessandra Giumlia-Mair

The University of Pennsylvania owns the largest collection of Minoan artifacts outside of Europe. The objects were acquired legally from the nation of Crete after it became independent from the Ottoman Empire and before its request was accepted to become a part of Greece, whose laws forbade such gifts to institutions that had sponsored archaeological expeditions. This third volume about the Cretan Collection in the Penn Museum presents the Minoan metal artifacts. They provide primary evidence for the early history of metallurgy in southeastern Europe during the second millennium B.C. This is a rich and varied assemblage of objects, with a large number of different classes. It is especially rich in items from the preliminary stages of metalwork (including oxhide ingot fragments, cut preliminary strips, and small cast strips used as early stages in the manufacture of artifacts). The study using modern techniques of examination-including scientific analyses-both documents the museum's holdings and provides new information on Minoan metalworking. Two important metallurgical techniques are documented: eutectic bonding of silver-capped rivets on daggers and "casting on" repairs to an existing object, which has not been noted previously in Minoan metalwork. The assemblage is remarkable for the light its objects shed on the history of technology.

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207

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INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623034434

ISBN 13

9781623034436

The Bronze Age Begins

The Ceramics Revolution of Early Minoan I and the New Forms of Wealth that Transformed Prehistoric Society

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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The Bronze Age Begins

The Ceramics Revolution of Early Minoan I and the New Forms of Wealth that Transformed Prehistoric Society

By: Philip P. Betancourt

This book focuses on economic and social changes, particularly during the opening phase of the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete. New developments in ceramics that reached Crete at the end of the Neolithic period greatly contributed to the creation of economic, technological, social, and religious advancements we call the Early Bronze Age. The arguments are two-fold: a detailed explanation of the ceramics we call Early Minoan I and the differences that set it apart from its predecessors, and an explanation of how these new and highly superior containers changed the storage, transport, and accumulation of a new form of wealth consisting primarily of processed agricultural and animal products like wine, olive oil, and various foods preserved in wine, vinegar, honey, and other liquids. The increased stability and security provided by an improved ability to store food from one year to the next would have a profound effect on the society.

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161

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623030099

ISBN 13

9781623030094

Introduction to Aegean Art

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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Introduction to Aegean Art

By: Philip P. Betancourt

This textbook is a compilation of the author's more than 35 years of teaching and excavation experience in the field of Aegean Bronze Age art history and archaeology. It is geared toward an audience of undergraduate and graduate students as an introduction to the Bronze Age art objects and architecture that have been uncovered on Crete, the Greek peninsula, and the Cycladic Islands.

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249

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623030846

ISBN 13

9781623030841

Richard Berry Seager

Archaeologist and Proper Gentleman

By: Marshall J. Becker,Philip P. Betancourt

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Richard Berry Seager

Archaeologist and Proper Gentleman

By: Marshall J. Becker,Philip P. Betancourt

An examination of the life of Richard Seager is important for two reasons. First, it provides a glimpse of a character of a member of the second generation of researchers to work in Cretan archaeology and, second, Seager and his generation helped form our own preconceptions about the early history of Greece. His underlying thesis, that the Early Minoan society was the first European civilization, thus the foundation of Greek and later Western history, is considered valid today.

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280

Publisher

UPenn Museum of Archaeology

Published Date

ISBN 10

0924171472

ISBN 13

9780924171475

The History of Minoan Pottery

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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The History of Minoan Pottery

By: Philip P. Betancourt

The Description for this book, The History of Minoan Pottery, will be forthcoming.

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226

Published Date

ISBN 10

069110168X

ISBN 13

9780691101682

The Bronze Age Begins

The Ceramics Revolution of Early Minoan I and the New Forms of Wealth that Transformed Prehistoric Society

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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The Bronze Age Begins

The Ceramics Revolution of Early Minoan I and the New Forms of Wealth that Transformed Prehistoric Society

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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Page Count

161

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623030099

ISBN 13

9781623030094

Introduction to Aegean Art

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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Introduction to Aegean Art

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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249

Publisher

INSTAP Academic Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1623030846

ISBN 13

9781623030841

The Chrysokamino Metallurgy Workshop and Its Territory

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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The Chrysokamino Metallurgy Workshop and Its Territory

By: Philip P. Betancourt

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486

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ASCSA

Published Date

ISBN 10

0876615361

ISBN 13

9780876615362

Book's by Philip P. Betancourt

The Hagia Photia Cemetery II

The Hagia Photia Cemetery II

The Chrysokamino Metallurgy Workshop and Its Territory

The Chrysokamino Metallurgy Workshop and Its Territory

Pseira X

Pseira X

Alatzomouri Pefka

Alatzomouri Pefka

Aphrodite's Kephali

Aphrodite's Kephali

The Dams and Water Management Systems of Minoan Pseira

The Dams and Water Management Systems of Minoan Pseira

The Hagia Photia Cemetery I

The Hagia Photia Cemetery I

Hagios Charalambos

Hagios Charalambos

The Cretan Collection in the University of Pennsylvania Museum III

The Cretan Collection in the University of Pennsylvania Museum III

The Bronze Age Begins

The Bronze Age Begins

Introduction to Aegean Art

Introduction to Aegean Art

Richard Berry Seager

Richard Berry Seager

The History of Minoan Pottery

The History of Minoan Pottery

The Bronze Age Begins

The Bronze Age Begins

Introduction to Aegean Art

Introduction to Aegean Art

The Chrysokamino Metallurgy Workshop and Its Territory

The Chrysokamino Metallurgy Workshop and Its Territory

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