Philip Johnson-Laird's Books

How We Reason

By: Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

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Good reasoning can lead to success; bad reasoning can lead to catastrophe. Yet, it's not obvious how we reason, and why we make mistakes. This book looks at the mental processes that underlie our reasoning. It provides the most accessible account yet of the science of reasoning.

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Page Count

584

Publisher

Oxford University Press, USA

Published Date

ISBN 10

0198569769

ISBN 13

9780198569763

Psychology of Reasoning

Structure and Content

By: Peter Cathcart Wason,Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

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Psychology of Reasoning

Structure and Content

By: Peter Cathcart Wason,Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

At the core of the "Psychology of Reasoning" is a vigorous discussion that incorporates various illustrations--some of them humorous, all of them fascinating--of the use of reason under a wide variety of different conditions. Particular emphasis is placed on the difficulties involved in dealing with negatively marked information that must be combined and used with other information for reaching conclusions. Thorough treatment is given as well to the search for plausible contexts that will render anomalous or ambiguous statements "sensible.

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Page Count

280

Publisher

Harvard University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0674721276

ISBN 13

9780674721272

Cognition In Action

By: Alan F. Collins,Philip Levy,Peter E. Morris,Mary M. Smyth

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Cognition In Action

By: Alan F. Collins,Philip Levy,Peter E. Morris,Mary M. Smyth

This revised textbook is designed for undergraduate courses in cognitive psychology. It approaches cognitive psychology by asking what it says about how people carry out everyday activities: how people organize and use their knowledge in order to behave appropriately in the world in which they live.; Each chapter of the book starts with an example and then uses this to introduce some aspect of the overall cognitive system. Through such examples of cognition in action, important components of the cognitive system are identified, and their interrelationships highlighted. Thus the text demonstrates that each part of the cognitive system can only be understood properly in its place in the functioning of the whole.; This edition features increased coverage of neuropsychological and connectionist approaches to cognition.

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Page Count

468

Publisher

Psychology Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1135472513

ISBN 13

9781135472511

How We Reason

By: Philip Johnson-Laird

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How We Reason

By: Philip Johnson-Laird

Good reasoning can lead to success; bad reasoning can lead to catastrophe. Yet, it's not obvious how we reason, and why we make mistakes - so much of our mental life goes on outside our awareness. In recent years huge strides have been made into developing a scientific understanding of reasoning. This new book by one of the pioneers of the field, Philip Johnson-Laird, looks at the mental processes that underlie our reasoning. It provides the most accessible account yet of the science of reasoning. We can all reason from our childhood onwards - but how? 'How we reason' outlines a bold approach to understanding reasoning. According to this approach, we don't rely on the laws of logic or probability - we reason by thinking about what's possible, we reason by seeing what is common to the possibilities. As the book shows, this approach can answer many of the questions about how we reason, and what causes mistakes in our reasoning that can lead to disasters such as Chernobyl. It shows why our irrational fears may become psychological illnesses, why terrorists develop 'crazy' ideologies, and how we can act in order to improve our reasoning. The book ends by looking at the role of reasoning in three extraordinary case histories: the Wright brothers' use of analogies in inventing their flyer, the cryptanalysts' deductions in breaking the German's Enigma code in World War II, and Dr. John Snow's inductive reasoning in discovering how cholera spread from one person to another. Accessible, stimulating, and controversial, How we Reason presents a bold new approach to understanding one of the most intriguing facets of being human.

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0191564214

ISBN 13

9780191564215

Models of Visuospatial Cognition

By: Manuel de Vega,Margaret Jean Intons-Peterson,Philip N. Johnson-Laird,Michel Denis,Marc Marschark

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Models of Visuospatial Cognition

By: Manuel de Vega,Margaret Jean Intons-Peterson,Philip N. Johnson-Laird,Michel Denis,Marc Marschark

This second volume in the Counterpoints Series, which explores issues in psychology, child development, linguistics, and neuroscience, focuses on alternative models of visual-spatial processing in human cognition. This text offers extended chapters from three of the most respected and recognized investigators in the field: Michel Denis, Margaret Intons-Peterson, and Philip Johnson-Laird. Denis considers the role of mental imagery in spatial cognition and topographical orientation; images are viewed as a form of mental representation that is similar to real-world objects. Intons-Peterson examines spatial representation in short-term, or working-memory, considering the relationship of visual-spatial processes to subjects' expectations and individual differences. Johnson-Laird approaches the issue of visual-spatial representation from a "mental models" perspective, considering the relationship of images to various cognitive events. The editors provide a historical and theoretical introduction; and a final chapter integrates the arguments of the chapters, offering ideas about new directions and new research designs.

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239

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0195356500

ISBN 13

9780195356502

The Computer and the Mind

An Introduction to Cognitive Science

By: Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

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The Computer and the Mind

An Introduction to Cognitive Science

By: Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

In a field choked with seemingly impenetrable jargon, Philip N. Johnson-Laird has done the impossible: written a book about how the mind works that requires no advance knowledge of artificial intelligence, neurophysiology, or psychology. The mind, he says, depends on the brain in the same way as the execution of a program of symbolic instructions depends on a computer, and can thus be understood by anyone willing to start with basic principles of computation and follow his step-by-step explanations. The author begins with a brief account of the history of psychology and the birth of cognitive science after World War II. He then describes clearly and simply the nature of symbols and the theory of computation, and follows with sections devoted to current computational models of how the mind carries out all its major tasks, including visual perception, learning, memory, the planning and control of actions, deductive and inductive reasoning, and the formation of new concepts and new ideas. Other sections discuss human communication, meaning, the progress that has been made in enabling computers to understand natural language, and finally the difficult problems of the conscious and unconscious mind, free will, needs and emotions, and self-awareness. In an envoi, the author responds to the critics of cognitive science and defends the computational view of the mind as an alternative to traditional dualism: cognitive science integrates mind and matter within the same explanatory framework. This first single-authored introduction to cognitive science will command the attention of students of cognitive science at all levels including psychologists, linguists, computer scientists, philosophers, and neuroscientists--as well as all readers curious about recent knowledge on how the mind works.

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Page Count

452

Publisher

Harvard University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0674156161

ISBN 13

9780674156166

Human and Machine Thinking

By: Philip N. Johnson-Laird

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Human and Machine Thinking

By: Philip N. Johnson-Laird

This book aims to reach an understanding of how the mind carries out three sorts of thinking -- deduction, induction, and creation -- to consider what goes right and what goes wrong, and to explore computational models of these sorts of thinking. Written for students of the mind -- psychologists, computer scientists, philosophers, linguists, and other cognitive scientists -- it also provides general readers with a self-contained account of human and machine thinking. The author presents his point of view, rather than a review, as simply as possible so that no technical background is required. Like the field of research itself, it calls for hard thinking about thinking.

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Page Count

211

Publisher

Psychology Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1135440301

ISBN 13

9781135440305

Mental Models

Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness

By: Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

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Mental Models

Towards a Cognitive Science of Language, Inference, and Consciousness

By: Philip Nicholas Johnson-Laird

This book offers a unified theory of the major propertries of mind, including comprehension, inference, and consciousness. The author argues that we apprehend the world by building inner mental replicas of the relationships among objects and events that concern us. The mind is essentially a model-building device that can itself be modeled on a computer. The book provides a blueprint for building such a model and numberous important illustrations of how to do it.

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532

Publisher

Harvard University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0674568826

ISBN 13

9780674568822

Toward Human-Level Artificial Intelligence

Representation and Computation of Meaning in Natural Language

By: Philip C. Jackson

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Toward Human-Level Artificial Intelligence

Representation and Computation of Meaning in Natural Language

By: Philip C. Jackson

Dr. Jackson discusses how an AI system using a language of thought based on the unconstrained syntax of a natural language could achieve "higher-level mentalities" of human intelligence, with advanced forms of learning and reasoning, imagination, and more. 2019 edition.

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Page Count

386

Publisher

Courier Dover Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

0486845206

ISBN 13

9780486845203

How We Reason

By: Philip Johnson-Laird

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How We Reason

By: Philip Johnson-Laird

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0191564214

ISBN 13

9780191564215

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Third Edition

By: Philip C. Jackson

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Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Third Edition

By: Philip C. Jackson

Can computers think? Updated edition, ideal for lay readers and students of computer science, offers well-illustrated, easy-to-read discussions of problem-solving methods and representations, game playing, neural networks, more. 2019 edition.

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545

Publisher

Courier Dover Publications

Published Date

ISBN 10

0486843076

ISBN 13

9780486843070

Really Raising Standards

Cognitive intervention and academic achievement

By: Philip Adey,Dr Michael Shayer,MICHAEL Shayer

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Really Raising Standards

Cognitive intervention and academic achievement

By: Philip Adey,Dr Michael Shayer,MICHAEL Shayer

Written by experienced teachers and educational researchers Phillip Adey and Michael Shayer, Really Raising Standards analyses attempts to teach children to think more effectively and efficiently. Their practical advice on how to improve children's performance by the application of the findings of the CASE research project will radically alter the approach of many professional teachers and student teachers as to the education of children in schools. An important contribution to the application of psychological theory in education.

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222

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1134853696

ISBN 13

9781134853694

Models of Visuospatial Cognition

By: Manuel de Vega,Margaret Jean Intons-Peterson,Philip N. Johnson-Laird,Michel Denis,Marc Marschark

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Models of Visuospatial Cognition

By: Manuel de Vega,Margaret Jean Intons-Peterson,Philip N. Johnson-Laird,Michel Denis,Marc Marschark

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Page Count

239

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0195356500

ISBN 13

9780195356502

Book's by Philip Johnson-Laird

How We Reason

How We Reason

Psychology of Reasoning

Psychology of Reasoning

Cognition In Action

Cognition In Action

How We Reason

How We Reason

Models of Visuospatial Cognition

Models of Visuospatial Cognition

The Computer and the Mind

The Computer and the Mind

Human and Machine Thinking

Human and Machine Thinking

Mental Models

Mental Models

Toward Human-Level Artificial Intelligence

Toward Human-Level Artificial Intelligence

How We Reason

How We Reason

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Really Raising Standards

Really Raising Standards

Models of Visuospatial Cognition

Models of Visuospatial Cognition

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