This book provides a complete and unified treatment of deterministic problems of dynamic optimization, from the classical themes of the calculus of variations to the forefront of modern research in optimal control. At the heart of the presentation is nonsmooth analysis, a theory of local approximation developed over the last twenty years to provide useful first-order information about sets and functions lying beyond the reach of classical analysis. The book includes an intuitive and geometrically transparent approach to nonsmooth analysis, serving not only to introduce the basic ideas, but also to illuminate the calculations and derivations in the applied sections dealing with the calculus of variations and optimal control. Written in a lively, engaging style and stocked with numerous figures and practice problems, this book offers an ideal introduction to this vigorous field of current research. It is suitable as a graduate text for a one-semester course in optimal control or as a manual for self-study. Each chapter closes with a list of references to ease the reader's transition from active learner to contributing researcher.
Stories that affirm the indelible bond among humans and animals The relationships among human and non-human animals go back to the beginning of time—and the ways in which these relationships have evolved (and sometimes not) is the inspiration for this collection of contemporary short fiction, penned by writers from across the globe. This diverse collection of stories explores the ways in which we live among—and often in conflict with—our non-human counterparts. These stories feature animals from the familiar (dogs and cats) to the exotic (elands and emus), and in these stories animals are both the rescuers and the rescued. Within these pages are glimpses of the world through the eyes of a zookeeper, a shelter worker, a penguin researcher, and a neighborhood stray, among many others—all highlighting the ways in which animals and humans understand and challenge one another. Among Animals is a dynamic collection of stories from the world’s most gifted contemporary authors—those who pay close attention to the creatures with whom we share our planet, and who inspire us to pay closer attention as well.
This book introduces the reader to the basic concepts of the generation and manipulation of synchrotron light, its interaction with matter, and the application of synchrotron light in the “classical” techniques, while including some of the most modern technological developments. As much as possible, complicated mathematical derivations and formulas are avoided. A more heuristic approach is adopted, whereby the general physical reasoning behind the equations is highlighted. Key features: A general introduction to synchrotron radiation and experimental techniques using synchrotron radiation Contains many detailed “worked examples” from the literature Of interest for a broad audience - synchrotrons are possibly one of the best examples of multidisciplinary research Four-colour presentation throughout
This book argues that popular culture has been transformed in a silent revolution from emphasising history’s heroes to its victims. While city squares and stations were named in the nineteenth century after military victories, now the equivalent airports are named after the victims of violence. Where war reports used to focus on the leadership of the generals and the bravery of the troops, now they are mostly about casualties, refugees and destruction. History, Empathy and Conflict examines the diplomatic consequences of such a revolution in sensibility. Many governments have responded by apologising for their country’s historic actions. History teaching in schools has sometimes been revised to reflect the new emphasis and to build confidence between nations and respect for domestic minorities. Not least of the reasons for these changes is the difficulty or impossibility of making restitution for past wrongs. But history can also be used by the media and governments to justify intervention to protect victims of civil wars only to come to be seen as victimisers themselves. The past is always difficult to interpret but is the basis of all our decisions and all institutions try to twist it to their own convenience. Sympathy with history’s victims is a great moral advance but it can be used by dissatisfied nations to justify their revisionist policies and with the election of President Trump in 2016, all the Great Powers claim to be history’s victims.
A brand new title combining the successful colour atlases of North Essex and South Essex, giving the most comprehensive and detailed coverage of the entire county. This edition shows detail of the new A120 and also includes Ipswich and Felixstowe. No other atlas names every street in Essex.The mapping is produced by the Ordnance Survey to our specification and gives the user complete coverage of all urban and rural areas. The mapping is at a standard scale of 31/2 inches to 1 mile, 21/2 inches to 1 mile in the pocket edition, and is complete with postcode boundaries.The atlas is ideally suited for both business and leisure use. There is a route-planning map and an administrative and postcode map at the front of the atlas. The main maps show every named road, street and lane clearly with through-routes highlighted. School locations are marked and emergency services, hospitals, police stations, car parks and rail and bus station locations are all featured. There is a comprehensive index of street names and postcodes that includes schools, industrial estates, hospitals, sports centres, etc, which are highlighted in colour.Main map scale: 3.5 inches to 1 mile
This book provides a complete and unified treatment of deterministic problems of dynamic optimization, from the classical themes of the calculus of variations to the forefront of modern research in optimal control. At the heart of the presentation is nonsmooth analysis, a theory of local approximation developed over the last twenty years to provide useful first-order information about sets and functions lying beyond the reach of classical analysis. The book includes an intuitive and geometrically transparent approach to nonsmooth analysis, serving not only to introduce the basic ideas, but also to illuminate the calculations and derivations in the applied sections dealing with the calculus of variations and optimal control. Written in a lively, engaging style and stocked with numerous figures and practice problems, this book offers an ideal introduction to this vigorous field of current research. It is suitable as a graduate text for a one-semester course in optimal control or as a manual for self-study. Each chapter closes with a list of references to ease the reader's transition from active learner to contributing researcher.
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