Can computers think? Can they use reason to develop their own concepts, solve complex problems, understand our languages? This updated edition of a comprehensive survey includes extensive new text on "Artificial Intelligence in the 21st Century," introducing deep neural networks, conceptual graphs, languages of thought, mental models, metacognition, economic prospects, and research toward human-level AI. Ideal for both lay readers and students of computer science, the original text features abundant illustrations, diagrams, and photographs as well as challenging exercises. Lucid, easy-to-read discussions examine problem-solving methods and representations, game playing, automated understanding of natural languages, heuristic search theory, robot systems, heuristic scene analysis, predicate-calculus theorem proving, automatic programming, and many other topics.
Fifteen year-old Tommy Miller is determined to stop Yankee General George McClellan-even if he has to kill the cruel Union leader. Tommy is taken captive by Union soldiers, escapes, and is recruited by Captain John Mosby to spy for the Confederacy. He agrees. He feels that is the fastest path to reach McClellan. Fearing for his life at every bend in the road, Tommy uses his innate ability as an actor to convince Union soldiers and leaders along the way that he is a Yankee. Conquering terror-filled nights, and slogging through unrelenting icy rain downpours, Tommy changes hats as he spies for the Confederacy. He saves a fellow teenaged soldier, Roger Pinkerton, -albeit a Yankee- amidst the battle on Malvern Hill. He then moves on to alert General Lee of McClellan's overwhelming Yankee dominance in terms of numbers of troops geared up for battle on the banks of the James River. When Janey O'Reilly, Tommy's girlfriend, is raped by passing Yankees close to home near Malvern Hill, Tommy sets out in search of the guilty party. But first he must switch hats, resuming his role as a Yankee private, before he can inflict his revenge. After switching hats again on his way east toward Sharpesburg and Harpers Ferry as a Union private, Tommy learns that General McClellan has been ordered to step down as Commander of the Army of the Potomac-Yankee General John Pope takes over command with President Lincoln's sudden order. As battle erupts along Antietum Creek, between Sharpsburg and South Mountain, Tommy is torn between fighting as a union soldier or his true Confederate Rebel self. The Confederacy is the choice. Tommy Miller jumps across the Antietum Creek amid flying cannon balls, takes up his weapon and fires at Yankees. He sees, hears and smells too much death. He heeds the battle cry of fellow Confederates, to go along with General Robert E. Lee. After the battle, Tommy makes his way south toward Washington where he tries to contact President Lincoln but is rebuffed. Frustrated by Yankees unwilling to accept anything like a peace plan, he determines that a recipe for ending the War is essential. He meets with an inspired Roger Pinkerton and together they head north toward Delaware. Tommy and Roger decide that the best way to end this horrible War is to start a detective agency, like Roger's uncle did before the War. They'll call it The Miller Pinkerton Detective Bureau, go undercover and undermine War campaign efforts of both sides, spy where needed and end fighting among brothers and sisters-mothers and fathers
Dr. Jackson discusses how an AI system using a language of thought based on the unconstrained syntax of a natural language could achieve "higher-level mentalities" of human intelligence, with advanced forms of learning and reasoning, imagination, and more. 2019 edition.
Macular Degeneration: Science and Medicine in Practice provides a unique overview of current thinking in the pathogenesis, incidence and treatment of AMD. It includes, for the first time, a synthesis of the views of the world's leading scientists and practitioners regarding retinal biology, basic mechanisms, clinical and pathogenetic processes, and rational approaches to intervention.
This book gives practical advice and ready to use tips on the design and construction of subsurface reservoir models. The design elements cover rock architecture, petrophysical property modelling, multi-scale data integration, upscaling and uncertainty analysis. Philip Ringrose and Mark Bentley share their experience, gained from over a hundred reservoir modelling studies in 25 countries covering clastic, carbonate and fractured reservoir types, and for a range of fluid systems – oil, gas and CO2, production and injection, and effects of different mobility ratios. The intimate relationship between geology and fluid flow is explored throughout, showing how the impact of fluid type, displacement mechanism and the subtleties of single- and multi-phase flow combine to influence reservoir model design. The second edition updates the existing sections and adds sections on the following topics: · A new chapter on modelling for CO2 storage · A new chapter on modelling workflows · An extended chapter on fractured reservoir modelling · An extended chapter on multi-scale modelling · An extended chapter on the quantification of uncertainty · A revised section on the future of modelling based on recently published papers by the authors The main audience for this book is the community of applied geoscientists and engineers involved in understanding fluid flow in the subsurface: whether for the extraction of oil or gas or the injection of CO2 or the subsurface storage of energy in general. We will always need to understand how fluids move in the subsurface and we will always require skills to model these quantitatively. The second edition of this reference book therefore aims to highlight the modelling skills developed for the current energy industry which will also be required for the energy transition of the future. The book is aimed at technical-professional practitioners in the energy industry and is also suitable for a range of Master’s level courses in reservoir characterisation, modelling and engineering. • Provides practical advice and guidelines for users of 3D reservoir modelling packages • Gives advice on reservoir model design for the growing world-wide activity in subsurface reservoir modelling • Covers rock modelling, property modelling, upscaling, fluid flow and uncertainty handling • Encompasses clastic, carbonate and fractured reservoirs • Applies to multi-fluid cases and applications: hydrocarbons and CO2, production and storage; rewritten for use in the Energy Transition.
This book examines stress in organizational contexts. The authors review the sources and outcomes of job-related stress, the methods used to assess levels and consequences of occupational stress, along with the strategies that might be used by individuals and organizations to confront stress and its associated problems. One chapter is devoted to examining an extreme form of occupational stress--burnout, which has been found to have severe consequences for individuals and their organizations. The book closes with a discussion of scenarios for jobs and work in the new millennium, and the potential sources of stress that these scenarios may generate.
Society for Educational Studies Annual Book Prize winner: 2nd Prize This ground-breaking volume draws upon a rich and variegated range of methodologies to understand more fully the practices, policies and resources available in and to religious education in British schools. The descriptions, explanations and analyses undertaken here draw on an innovative combination of policy work, ethnography, Delphi methods, Actor Network Theory, questionnaires, textual analysis as well as theological and philosophical insight. It traces the evolution of religious education in a post-religious age from the creation of policy to the everyday experiences of teachers and students in the classroom. It begins by analysing the way in which policy has evolved since the 1970s with an examination of the social forces that have shaped curriculum development. It goes on to explore the impact and intentions of a diverse group of stakeholders with sometimes competing accounts of the purposes of religious educations. It then examines the manner in which policy is, or is not, enacted in the classroom. Finally, it explores contradictions and confusions, successes and failures, and the ways in which wider public debates enter the classroom. The book also exposes the challenge religious education teachers have in using the language of religion.
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