Peter van der Straten's Books

Atoms and Molecules Interacting with Light

Atomic Physics for the Laser Era

By: Peter van der Straten,Harold Metcalf

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Atoms and Molecules Interacting with Light

Atomic Physics for the Laser Era

By: Peter van der Straten,Harold Metcalf

This in-depth textbook with a focus on atom-light interactions prepares students for research in a fast-growing and dynamic field. Intended to accompany the laser-induced revolution in atomic physics, it is a comprehensive text for the emerging era in atomic, molecular and optical science. Utilising an intuitive and physical approach, the text describes two-level atom transitions, including appendices on Ramsey spectroscopy, adiabatic rapid passage and entanglement. With a unique focus on optical interactions, the authors present multi-level atomic transitions with dipole selection rules, and M1/E2 and multiphoton transitions. Conventional structure topics are discussed in some detail, beginning with the hydrogen atom and these are interspersed with material rarely found in textbooks such as intuitive descriptions of quantum defects. The final chapters examine modern applications and include many references to current research literature. The numerous exercises and multiple appendices throughout enable advanced undergraduate and graduate students to balance theory with experiment.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

531

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1316462579

ISBN 13

9781316462577

Honor, Vengeance, and Social Trouble

Pardon Letters in the Burgundian Low Countries

By: Peter Arnade,Walter Prevenier

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Honor, Vengeance, and Social Trouble

Pardon Letters in the Burgundian Low Countries

By: Peter Arnade,Walter Prevenier

Among the more intriguing documentary sources from late medieval Europe are pardon letters—petitions sent by those condemned for serious crimes to monarchs and princes in France and the Low Countries in the hopes of receiving a full pardon. The fifteenth-century Burgundian Low Countries and duchy of Burgundy produced a large cache of these petitions, from both major cities (Bruges, Ghent, Antwerp, and Dijon) and rural communities. In Honor, Vengeance, and Social Trouble, Peter Arnade and Walter Prevenier present the first study in English of these letters to explore and interrogate the boundaries between these sources' internal, discursive properties and the social world beyond the written text.Honor, Vengeance, and Social Trouble takes the reader out onto the streets and into the taverns, homes, and workplaces of the Burgundian territories, charting the most pressing social concerns of the day: everything from family disputes and vendettas to marital infidelity and property conflicts—and, more generally, the problems of public violence, abduction and rape, and the role of honor and revenge in adjudicating disputes. Arnade and Prevenier examine why the right to pardon was often enacted by the Burgundian dukes and how it came to compete with more traditional legal means of resolving disputes. In addition, they consider the pardon letter as a historical source, highlighting the limitations and pitfalls of relying on documents that are, by their very nature, narratives shaped by the petitioner to seek a favored outcome. The book also includes a detailed case study of a female actress turned prostitute.An example of microhistory at its best, Honor, Vengeance, and Social Trouble will challenge scholars while being accessible to students in courses on medieval and early modern Europe or on historiography.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

257

Publisher

Cornell University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0801455758

ISBN 13

9780801455759

Laser Cooling and Trapping

By: Harold J. Metcalf,Peter van der Straten

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Laser Cooling and Trapping

By: Harold J. Metcalf,Peter van der Straten

Intended for advanced undergraduates and beginning graduates with some basic knowledge of optics and quantum mechanics, this text begins with a review of the relevant results of quantum mechanics, before turning to the electromagnetic interactions involved in slowing and trapping atoms and ions, in both magnetic and optical traps. The concluding chapters discuss a broad range of applications, from atomic clocks and studies of collision processes, to diffraction and interference of atomic beams at optical lattices and Bose-Einstein condensation.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

329

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

146121470X

ISBN 13

9781461214700

Printing Anglo-Saxon from Parker to Hickes and Wanley

With a Catalogue of Early Printed Books Containing Anglo-Saxon 1566–1705

By: Peter J. Lucas

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Printing Anglo-Saxon from Parker to Hickes and Wanley

With a Catalogue of Early Printed Books Containing Anglo-Saxon 1566–1705

By: Peter J. Lucas

This book offers something new, a full-length study of printing Anglo-Saxon (Old English) from 1566 to 1705, combining analysis of content and form of production. It starts from the end-product and addresses the practical issues of providing for printing Anglo-Saxon authentically, and why this was done. The book tells a story that is largely Cambridge-orientated until Oxford made an impact, largely thanks to Franciscus Junius from Leiden. There is a catalogue of all books containing Anglo-Saxon, with full details of their use of manuscript or printed sources. This information allows us to see how knowledge of Anglo-Saxon grew and developed.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

734

Publisher

BRILL

Published Date

ISBN 10

9004516395

ISBN 13

9789004516397

Rodents of Sub-Saharan Africa

A biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis

By: Ara Monadjem,Peter J. Taylor,Christiane Denys,Fenton P.D. Cotterill

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Rodents of Sub-Saharan Africa

A biogeographic and taxonomic synthesis

By: Ara Monadjem,Peter J. Taylor,Christiane Denys,Fenton P.D. Cotterill

This comprehensive handbook covers all the rodents occurring in Southern, Central, East and West Africa, south of the Sahara. Genus and species accounts include diagnostic descriptions, systematics and taxonomy, biogeographical environment, fossil species, photographs of skull and mandible, illustrations of molar dentition, photographs of live animals, distribution maps and tables of standard museum measurements.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

1102

Publisher

Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG

Published Date

ISBN 10

3110301911

ISBN 13

9783110301915

Quantum Noise

A Handbook of Markovian and Non-Markovian Quantum Stochastic Methods with Applications to Quantum Optics

By: Crispin Gardiner,Peter Zoller

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Quantum Noise

A Handbook of Markovian and Non-Markovian Quantum Stochastic Methods with Applications to Quantum Optics

By: Crispin Gardiner,Peter Zoller

This book offers a systematic and comprehensive exposition of the quantum stochastic methods that have been developed in the field of quantum optics. It includes new treatments of photodetection, quantum amplifier theory, non-Markovian quantum stochastic processes, quantum input--output theory, and positive P-representations. It is the first book in which quantum noise is described by a mathematically complete theory in a form that is also suited to practical applications. Special attention is paid to non-classical effects, such as squeezing and antibunching. Chapters added to the previous edition, on the stochastic Schrödinger equation, and on cascaded quantum systems, and now supplemented, in the third edition by a chapter on recent developments in various pertinent fields such as laser cooling, Bose-Einstein condensation, quantum feedback and quantum information.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

476

Publisher

Springer Science & Business Media

Published Date

ISBN 10

3540223010

ISBN 13

9783540223016

Spectra of Atoms and Molecules

By: Peter F. Bernath

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Spectra of Atoms and Molecules

By: Peter F. Bernath

This third edition of Peter Bernath's successful Spectra of Atoms and Molecules is designed to provide advanced undergraduates and graduate students a working knowledge of the vast field of spectroscopy. Also of interest to chemists, physicists, astronomers, atmospheric scientists, and engineers, this volume emphasizes the fundamental principles of spectroscopy with the primary goal of teaching the interpretation of spectra. Features include a presentation of group theory needed to understand spectroscopy, detailed worked examples and a large number of excellent problems at the end of each chapter. Prof. Bernath provides a large number of diagrams and spectra which have been specifically recorded for this book. Molecular symmetry, matrix representation of groups, quantum mechanics, and group theory are among the topics covered; atomic, rotational, vibrational, electronic and Raman spectra are analyzed. Bernath's clear treatment of the confusing topic of line strengths as needed for quantitative applications is featured. This much-needed new edition has been updated to include the 2010 CODATA revision of physical constants, and a large number of corrections and clarifications. Responding to student requests, the main new feature is the addition of detailed worked examples in each chapter. Spectra of Atoms and Molecules, 3e will help demystify spectroscopy by showing readers the necessary steps in a derivation, as well as the final result.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

483

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0199382573

ISBN 13

9780199382576

Quantum World Of Ultra-cold Atoms And Light, The - Book Iii: Ultra-cold Atoms

By: Crispin W Gardiner,Peter Zoller

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Quantum World Of Ultra-cold Atoms And Light, The - Book Iii: Ultra-cold Atoms

By: Crispin W Gardiner,Peter Zoller

This century has seen the development of technologies for manipulating and controlling matter and light at the level of individual photons and atoms, a realm in which physics is fully quantum-mechanical. The dominant experimental technology is the laser, and the theoretical paradigm is quantum optics.The Quantum World of Ultra-Cold Atoms and Light is a trilogy, which presents the quantum optics way of thinking and its applications to quantum devices. This book — 'Ultra-Cold Atoms' — provides a theoretical treatment of ultra-cold Bosons and Fermions and their interactions with electromagnetic fields in a form consistent with the first two books in the trilogy.The central concept is the quantum stochastic paradigm, formulated for cold collision physics. For Bosons, this yields a suite of techniques; versions of the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation, using which a wide range of dynamic and thermal properties are formulated.The eBook editions of the 'Quantum World Trilogy' feature an extensive system of hyperlinks for ease of cross reference within the books, as well as links to the other books in the trilogy. In the section Viewing the eBooks we explain how these links work, and give some advice on appropriate pdf viewer applications.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

586

Publisher

World Scientific

Published Date

ISBN 10

178634419X

ISBN 13

9781786344199

The Quantum World of Ultra-Cold Atoms and Light Book II: The Physics of Quantum-Optical Devices

By: Crispin Gardiner,Peter Zoller

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The Quantum World of Ultra-Cold Atoms and Light Book II: The Physics of Quantum-Optical Devices

By: Crispin Gardiner,Peter Zoller

This century has seen the development of technologies for manipulating and controlling matter and light at the level of individual photons and atoms, a realm in which physics is fully quantum-mechanical. The dominant experimental technology is the laser, and the theoretical paradigm is quantum optics. The Quantum World of Ultra-Cold Atoms and Light is a trilogy, which presents the quantum optics way of thinking and its applications to quantum devices. This book — The Physics of Quantum-Optical Devices — provides a comprehensive treatment of theoretical quantum optics. It covers applications to the optical manipulation of the quantum states of atoms, laser cooling, continuous measurement, quantum computers and quantum processors, superconducting systems and quantum networks. The subject is consistently formulated in terms of quantum stochastic techniques, and a systematic and thorough development of these techniques is a central part of the book. There is also a compact overview of the ideas of quantum information theory. The main aim of the book is to present the theoretical techniques necessary for the understanding of quantum optical devices, with special attention to those devices used in quantum information processing and quantum simulation. Although these techniques were developed originally for the optical regime, they are also applicable to electromagnetic radiation from the microwave realm to the ultra-violet, and for atomic systems, Josephson junction systems, quantum dots and nano-mechanical systems. For more information, please visit: http://europe.worldscientific.com/quantum-world-of-ultra-cold-atoms-and-light.html

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

524

Publisher

World Scientific Publishing Company

Published Date

ISBN 10

1783266155

ISBN 13

9781783266159

Moving People

Sustainable Transport Development

By: Peter Cox

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Moving People

Sustainable Transport Development

By: Peter Cox

The local and global environmental impacts of transport are more apparent than ever before. Moving People provides an attention-grabbing introduction to the problems of transport and the development of sustainable alternatives, focusing on the often misunderstood issue of personal mobility, as opposed to freight. Re-assessing the value and importance of non-motorized transport the author raises questions about mobility in the face of climate change and energy security, particularly for the developing world. Featuring original case studies from across the globe, this book is essential for anyone studying or working in the area of environmental sustainability and transport policy.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

175

Publisher

Zed Books Ltd.

Published Date

ISBN 10

184813830X

ISBN 13

9781848138308

The Stationers' Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557

By: Peter W. M. Blayney

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

The Stationers' Company and the Printers of London, 1501–1557

By: Peter W. M. Blayney

This major, revisionist reference work explains for the first time how the Stationers' Company acquired both a charter and a nationwide monopoly of printing. In the most detailed and comprehensive investigation of the London book trade in any period, Peter Blayney systematically documents the story from 1501, when printing first established permanent roots inside the City boundaries, until the Stationers' Company was incorporated by royal charter in 1557. Having exhaustively re-examined original sources and scoured numerous archives unexplored by others in the field, Blayney radically revises accepted beliefs about such matters as the scale of native production versus importation, privileges and patents, and the regulation of printing by the Church, Crown and City. His persistent focus on individuals - most notably the families, rivals and successors of Richard Pynson, John Rastell and Robert Redman - keeps this study firmly grounded in the vivid lives and careers of early Tudor Londoners.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

1559

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1107512409

ISBN 13

9781107512405

Realms of Ritual

Burgundian Ceremony and Civic Life in Late Medieval Ghent

By: Peter J. Arnade

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Realms of Ritual

Burgundian Ceremony and Civic Life in Late Medieval Ghent

By: Peter J. Arnade

While earlier historians have seen the elaborate public rituals of the Burgundian dukes as stagnant forms held over from the chivalric world of the High Middle Ages, Peter Arnade argues that they were a vital theater of power through which the ducal court and the urban centers constantly renegotiated their relationship. This book is the first to apply the combined insights of social, political, and cultural history to an important but little-explored area of medieval and early modern Europe, the Burgundian Netherlands. Realms of Ritual traces the role of ritual in encounters between the dukes of Burgundy (later the Habsburg princes) and the townspeople of Ghent, the most important city in the county of Flanders. Arnade analyzes city-state ceremonies through which Ghent's aldermen, patricians, guildsmen, and the city's military and drama confraternities confronted local power and the growth of the Burgundian state. In the first serious reappraisal of Johan Huizinga's classic work The Waning of the Middle Ages, Arnade confirms Huizinga's vision of a Low Country society rich in public symbols, yet reveals the city-state conflict within which such ritual thrived. He offers a dramatically new perspective on the Northern Renaissance, as well as a historical/anthropological model for the study of urban-state relations.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

332

Publisher

Cornell University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0801430984

ISBN 13

9780801430985

Panoramas, 1787–1900 Vol 1

Texts and Contexts

By: Laurie Garrison,Anne Anderson,Sibylle Erle,Verity Hunt,Peter West,Phoebe Putnam

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Panoramas, 1787–1900 Vol 1

Texts and Contexts

By: Laurie Garrison,Anne Anderson,Sibylle Erle,Verity Hunt,Peter West,Phoebe Putnam

The panorama is primarily a visual medium, but a variety of print matter mediated its viewing; adverts, reviews, handbills and a descriptive programme accompanied by an annotated key to the canvas. The short accounts, programs, reviews, articles and lectures collected here are the primary historical sources left to us.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

415

Publisher

Taylor & Francis

Published Date

ISBN 10

1040128963

ISBN 13

9781040128961

Towards an Era of Development

The Globalization of Socialism and Christian Democracy, 1945-1965

By: Peter van Kemseke

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Towards an Era of Development

The Globalization of Socialism and Christian Democracy, 1945-1965

By: Peter van Kemseke

KADOC Studies on Religion, Culture and Society 5In the twenty years after the end of World War II, a "Third World" was added to the Cold War concepts of the First and Second worlds, and postwar decolonization ushered in an era of development. For the first time, theories and policies designed to eradicate underdevelopment became prominent on the agenda of the United Nations. This international evolution inevitably had a dramatic impact on socialism and Christian democracy, two major ideologies with their roots in Western Europe. Both became part of the global political dialogues taking place beyond Europe's borders. The result was a sometimes violent clash of Western and non-Western belief systems.In Towards an Era of Development, Peter Van Kemseke explores the questions of whether political ideologies were being used as vehicles for promoting national interests and if socialism and Christian democracy were forced on developing nations or naturally spread to new parts of the globe. Van Kemseke also offers an assessment of the success of these ideologies in their new territories.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

328

Publisher

Leuven University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

9058675602

ISBN 13

9789058675606

Laser Physics

By: Peter W. Milonni,Joseph H. Eberly

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Laser Physics

By: Peter W. Milonni,Joseph H. Eberly

Although the basic principles of lasers have remained unchanged in the past 20 years, there has been a shift in the kinds of lasers generating interest. Providing a comprehensive introduction to the operating principles and applications of lasers, this second edition of the classic book on the subject reveals the latest developments and applications of lasers. Placing more emphasis on applications of lasers and on optical physics, the book's self-contained discussions will appeal to physicists, chemists, optical scientists, engineers, and advanced undergraduate students.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

844

Publisher

John Wiley & Sons

Published Date

ISBN 10

0470409703

ISBN 13

9780470409701

Laser Spectroscopy

Proceedings of the XVI International Conference, Palm Cove, Queensland, Australia, 13-18 July 2003

By: Peter Hannaford

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Laser Spectroscopy

Proceedings of the XVI International Conference, Palm Cove, Queensland, Australia, 13-18 July 2003

By: Peter Hannaford

This volume comprises a collection of invited and selected contributions presented at the 16th International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy in Palm Cove, Queensland, Australia, 13-18 July 2003. The papers report the latest and most exciting developments in laser spectroscopy and related areas: new ultra-precise spectroscopic measurements based on optical frequency combs including tests of the stability of the fundamental constants; the first realization of Bose-Einstein condensation in cesium and ytterbium; the behavior of ultra-cold bosons and fermions in optical lattices; the production of ultra-cold cesium, helium and fermionic lithium molecules; the production and coherent transport of ultra-cold atoms in microtraps on the surface of chips; the implementation of one- and two-qubit quantum algorithms and experiments towards a scalable quantum computer based on trapped ions; and new medical applications of laser spectroscopy.The proceedings have been selected for coverage in: ? Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings? (ISTP? / ISI Proceedings)? Index to Scientific & Technical Proceedings (ISTP CDROM version / ISI Proceedings)? CC Proceedings ? Engineering & Physical Science

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

413

Publisher

World Scientific

Published Date

ISBN 10

9812386165

ISBN 13

9789812386168

Jan van der Heyden

By: Peter C. Sutton,Jonathan Bikker,Rijksmuseum (Netherlands),Bruce Museum of Arts and Science (Greenwich, Estados Unidos)

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Jan van der Heyden

By: Peter C. Sutton,Jonathan Bikker,Rijksmuseum (Netherlands),Bruce Museum of Arts and Science (Greenwich, Estados Unidos)

A remarkably versatile man, Jan van der Heyden (1637-1712) was the preeminent painter of cityscapes in the Netherlands and the first artist to capture all the beauty of the urban scene. Notwithstanding his achievements as an artist, Van der Heyden was even more famous in his own time as an inventor and engineer: he invented firefighting equipment that set the standard throughout Europe for two centuries, and he perfected the streetlamp. This is the first book in English devoted to Van der Heyden. It includes recent discoveries about his fascinating life and offers an introduction to his ravishing art. The book includes a general discussion of Van der Heyden’s work, entries on 40 of his paintings, illustrations of about 100 of his paintings, as well as supplemental drawings and prints. Focusing mainly on the bustling city of Amsterdam, he also recorded other Dutch, Flemish, and German cities with a brilliant palette and exceptionally detailed technique. Often innovative in his composition, he was the first artist to create imaginary scenes by rearranging existing city views and known buildings.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

264

Publisher

Yale University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0300119704

ISBN 13

9780300119701

Atoms and Molecules Interacting with Light

Atomic Physics for the Laser Era

By: Peter van der Straten,Harold Metcalf

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Atoms and Molecules Interacting with Light

Atomic Physics for the Laser Era

By: Peter van der Straten,Harold Metcalf

Focusing on atom-light interactions and containing numerous exercises, this in-depth textbook prepares students for research in a fast-growing field.

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

531

Publisher

Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1107090148

ISBN 13

9781107090149

Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Fourth Edition

By: King Holmes,P. Sparling,Walter Stamm,Peter Piot,Judith Wasserheit,Lawrence Corey,Myron Cohen

Write a review Read reviews Take a Quiz Solve Book Puzzle

Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Fourth Edition

By: King Holmes,P. Sparling,Walter Stamm,Peter Piot,Judith Wasserheit,Lawrence Corey,Myron Cohen

The most respected, all-in-one global STD reference -- now in full-color A Doody's Core Title! 5 STAR DOODY'S REVIEW! "With a level of detail that is unmatched by any other textbook in the field of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), this book is the ultimate reference in this area . . . No question about it -- this book is the ultimate resource for information about sexually transmitted diseases. -- Doody's Review Service" With a level of detail and scientific rigor that no other text can match, Sexually Transmitted Diseases takes you through all aspects of STDs, from epidemiology to diagnosis and public health measures. Featuring an exciting new full-color format, the fourth edition of Sexually Transmitted Diseases delivers the most encyclopedic overview of the clinical, microbiological, and public health aspects of STDs, including HIV. Turn to any page, and you'll find essential coverage of critical new developments in vaccines and prevention, global epidemiology, new treatments, and much more. Features of the Fourth Edition: The ultimate sourcebook on STDs, with top-to-bottom coverage of all STDs and all etiologies, from bacteria to viruses and more Cutting-edge insights and clinically relevant perspectives from a distinguished roster of international authorities in medicine, infectious disease, and public health NEW! Brand-new chapters that cover: Drug Use and STDs, Cervical Cancer and STDs, Prevention of Opportunistic Infections in AIDS, Pregnancy and Bacterial STDs, Pregnancy and Perinatal Transmission of STDs, The Role of Primary Care Clinicians in Managing STDs, and STD and HIV Vaccines NEW! Eye-catching full-color format with hundreds of precise illustrations that drive home chapter concepts and help you visualize various conditions

Average ratings

N/A

Write a review

Solve jigsaw puzzle

Age

Page Count

2195

Publisher

McGraw Hill Professional

Published Date

ISBN 10

0071417486

ISBN 13

9780071417488

Book's by Peter van der Straten

Username

Password

Password again

Birthday

Email