The book offers a step-by-step blueprint of radical proposals for the U.S.-Mexican border that go far beyond traditional initiatives to ease restrictions on immigration. Up Against the Wall provides the background to understanding how the border has become a fraud, resulting in nothing more than the criminalization of Mexican and other migrants. The book argues that the border with Mexico should be completely open for Mexicans wishing to travel north.
Rushen Abbey was a Cistercian monastery founded in 1134 and suppressed in 1540. It was the most important religious institution on the Isle of Man wielding significant secular power as well as ecclesiastical authority. This book aims to provide a synthesis of all the available evidence for Rushen Abbey under one cover.
A NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK Here are two thousand years of London’s history and folklore, its chroniclers and criminals and plain citizens, its food and drink and countless pleasures. Blackfriar’s and Charing Cross, Paddington and Bedlam. Westminster Abbey and St. Martin in the Fields. Cockneys and vagrants. Immigrants, peasants, and punks. The Plague, the Great Fire, the Blitz. London at all times of day and night, and in all kinds of weather. In well-chosen anecdotes, keen observations, and the words of hundreds of its citizens and visitors, Ackroyd reveals the ingenuity and grit and vitality of London. Through a unique thematic tour of the physical city and its inimitable soul, the city comes alive.
This first of two volumes presents the archaeological evidence of a long sequence of settlement and funerary activity from the Beaker period (Early Bronze Age c. 2000 BC) to the Early Iron Age (c. 500 BC) at the unusually long-occupied site of Cladh Hallan on South Uist in the Western Isles of Scotland. Particular highlights of its sequence are a cremation burial ground and pyre site of the 18th–16th centuries BC and a row of three Late Bronze Age sunken-floored roundhouses constructed in the 10th century BC. Beneath these roundhouses, four inhumation graves contained skeletons, two of which were remains of composite collections of body parts with evidence for post-mortem soft tissue preservation prior to burial. They have proved to be the first evidence for mummification in Bronze Age Britain. Cladh Hallan’s remarkable stratigraphic sequence, preserved in the machair sand of South Uist, includes a unique 500-year sequence of roundhouse life in Late Bronze Age and Iron Age Britain. One of the most important results of the excavation has come from intensive environmental and micro-debris sampling of house floors and outdoor areas to recover patterns of discard and to interpret the spatial use of 15 domestic interiors from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. From Cladh Hallan’s roundhouse floors we gain intimate insights into how daily life was organized within the house – where people cooked, ate, worked and slept. Such evidence rarely survives from prehistoric houses in Britain or Europe, and the results make a profound contribution to long-running debates about the sunwise organisation of roundhouse activities. Activity at Cladh Hallan ended with the construction and abandonment of two unusual double-roundhouses in the Early Iron Age. One appears to have been a smokery and steam room, and the other was used for metalworking.
Peter C. Caldwell and Karrin Hanshew's Germany Since 1945 traces the social, political and cultural history of Germany from the end of the Second World War right up to the present day. The book provides a narrative that not only explores the histories of East and West Germany in their international contexts, but one that also takes the significantly different world of the Berlin Republic seriously, analyzing it as a distinct and significant period of German history in its own right. Split into three parts roughly devoted to a quarter-century each, this book guides students through contemporary Germany from the catastrophe of war, genocide and the country's division to the very different challenges facing the reunified Germany of the 21st century. There are key primary source excerpts integrated throughout the text, as well as 32 images, numerous maps, charts and tables and a detailed bibliography to further aid study. The book is complemented by online resources which include sample syllabi and a pedagogical supplement. Germany Since 1945 underscores both the particularities of German history and the international trends and transactions that shaped it, giving good coverage to key aspects of post-1945 German society and politics, including: * East and West German paths to reconstruction * The development of consumer society and the welfare state * The politics of memory and coming to terms with the Nazi past * The Cold War * New social and political movements that opposed the postwar status * Immigration and the move toward a multicultural society This is an essential text for any student of contemporary German history.
Seeing is Believing is a provocative, shrewd, witty look at the Hollywood fifties movies we all love-or love to hate-and the thousand subtle ways they reflect the political tensions of the decade. Peter Biskind, former executive editor of Premiere, is one of our most astute cultural critics. Here he concentrates on the films everybody saw but nobody really looked at--classics like Giant, On the Waterfront, Rebel Without a Cause, and Invasion of the Body Snatchers--and shows us how movies that appear to be politically innocent in fact carry an ideological burden. As we see organization men and rugged individualists, housewives and career women, cops and doctors, teen angels and teenage werewolves fight it out across the screen from suburbia to the farthest reaches of the cosmos, we understand that we have been watching one long dispute about how to be a man, a woman, an American--the conflicts of the period in action. A work of brilliant analysis and meticulous conception, Seeing Is Believing offers fascinating insights into how to read films of any era.
Shopping centers have become the most common of shopping environments and have influenced the make-up of cities around the world. However, in recent years, the enclosed "mall" has evolved and diversified with new types of retail environments that were developed to better suit their locale and meet public expectation. This design guide has over 600 illustrations that present the core values and considerations that make a successful retail center: location, catchment user needs, as well as access and layout. Covering everything from site master planning to the essentials of public facilities and the technical systems, this is essential reading for architects of contemporary shopping centers. A series of international examples showcasing different types of shopping environments are included to cover the wide range of designs that have occurred in recent years. From the "out of town" mall to retail parks and mixed use town center developments, the best of contemporary design is illustrated to provide both practical information and inspiration.
Measurement in civil engineering and building is a core skill and the means by which an architectural or engineering design may be modelled financially, providing the framework to control and realise designs within defined cost parameters, to the satisfaction of the client. Measurement has a particular skill base, but it is elevated to an ‘art’ because the quantity surveyor is frequently called upon to interpret incomplete designs in order to determine the intentions of the designer so that contractors may be fully informed when compiling their tenders. Managing Measurement Risk in Building and Civil Engineering will help all those who use measurement in their work or deal with the output from the measurement process, to understand not only the ‘ins and outs’ of measuring construction work but also the relationship that measurement has with contracts, procurement, claims and post-contract control in construction. The book is for quantity surveyors, engineers and building surveyors but also for site engineers required to record and measure events on site with a view to establishing entitlement to variations, extras and contractual claims. The book focuses on the various practical uses of measurement in a day-to-day construction context and provides guidance on how to apply quantity surveying conventions in the many different circumstances encountered in practice. A strong emphasis is placed on measurement in a risk management context as opposed to simply ‘taking-off’ quantities. It also explains how to use the various standard methods of measurement in a practical working environment and links methods of measurement with conditions of contract, encompassing the contractual issues connected with a variety of procurement methodologies. At the same time, the many uses and applications of measurement are recognised in both a main contractor and subcontractor context. Measurement has moved into a new and exciting era of on-screen quantification and BIM models but this has changed nothing in terms of the basic principles underlying measurement: thoroughness, attention to detail, good organisation, making work auditable and, above all, understanding the way building and engineering projects are designed and built. This book will help to give you the confidence to both ‘measure’ and understand measurement risk issues by: presenting the subject of measurement in a modern context with a risk management emphasis recognising the interrelationship of measurement with contractual issues including identification of pre- and post-contract measurement risk issues emphasising the role of measurement in the entirety of the contracting process particularly considering measurement risk implications of both formal and informal tender documentation and common methods of procurement conveying the basic principles of measurement and putting them in an IT context incorporating detailed coverage of NRM1 and NRM2, CESMM4, Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works and POM(I), including a comparison of NRM2 with SMM7 and a detailed analysis of changes from CESMM3 to CESMM4 discussing the measurement implications of major main and sub-contract conditions (JCT, NEC3, Infrastructure Conditions and FIDIC) providing detailed worked examples and explanations of computer-based measurement using a variety of industry-standard software packages
The construction of buildings is learnt through experience and the inheritance of a tradition in forming buildings over several thousand years. Successful construction learns from this experience which becomes embodied in principles of application. Though materials and techniques change, various elements have to perform the same function. 'Principles of Element Design' identifies all the relevant elements and then breaks these elements down into all their basic constituents, making it possible for students to fully understand the given theory and principles behind each part. As all building projects are subject to guidance through the Building Regulations and British Standards, this book gives an immediate reference back to relevant information to help practitioners and contractors identify key documents needed. Yvonne Dean B.A. (Hons) B.A (Open) RIBA, an architect, energy consultant and materials technologist. She also has 15 years experience as a lecturer, travels widely and is a guest lecturer at many universities. She pioneered an access course for Women into Architecture and Building, which has been used as a template by others, and has been instrumental in helping to change the teaching of technology for architects and designers. Peter Rich AA Dipl. (Hons) Architect, started his career with 14 years experience as a qualified architectural technician. He then joined the AA School of Architecture, working with Bill Allen and John Bickerdike after his graduation, later becoming a partner of Bickerdike Allen Rich and Partners. He also taught building construction at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, and architectural design at the Polytechnic of North London. He now acts as a Consultant.
This history of the government-funded synthetic rubber research program (1942-1956) offers a rare analysis of a cooperative research program geared to the improvement of existing products and the creation of new ones. The founders of the program believed the best way to further research in the new field was through collaboration among corporations, universities, and the federal government. Morris concludes that, in fact, the effort was ultimately a failure and that vigorous competition proves the best way to stimulate innovation. Government programs, like the rubber research program, are far better at improving existing products, the author contends, than creating wholly new ones.
An Illustrated Dictionary of Building is ideal for practitioners and students on GNVQ, NVQ Construction and The Built Environment and Building Craft Operative courses. The guide is also useful reference for those in Higher Education on Professional, Architectural and other associated courses with a building element. First published in 1989 as Building Terminology, this second edition has been expanded and updated to cover an even wider range of terms, concepts and new practices. Including slang and regional variations, these are clearly defined and cross-referenced, many with the aid of illustrations, to provide an insight into the building industry as a whole. The logical A-Z arrangement in each section makes this an ideal reference source. The book is also highly illustrated with over 350 diagrams and photographs. The subjects covered include: architectural style; building construction; documentation, administration and control; materials and scientific principles and services and finishes. Peter Brett was formerly a Head of Faculty for construction at Brooklyn College, Birmingham. He is now in private practice undertaking design, construction and consultancy projects. Brett is an Honorary Member of the City and Guilds of London Institute and a Construction Education Consultant, in addition to being a Chief Examiner and Assessor for various UK, overseas and NVQ schemes.
Cost management of all building projects has become increasingly important as clients in the public and private sector demand the highest quality cost planning services with accurate budgeting and cost control. All members of the design team must integrate their activities to ensure that a high quality project is delivered on time and within budget. This book considers building cost planning and cost control from the client and the design team's perspective, where all decisions whether concerned with design, cost, quality, time, value or sustainability are taken as being interrelated. The latest Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Plan of Work and the New Rules of Measurement for Early Stage Estimating and Cost Planning issued by the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) have been incorporated into this new text. The book follows the building design cost planning process from the crucial inception stages and then through all the design stages to the completion of the technical design, contract documentation and the tender. It provides a template for good cost planning practice. An essential addition to this third edition is the introduction of integrated design and documentation processes captured in building Information modelling (BIM), on-line cost databases and computerised methods of cost planning. The integrated approaches are explained and provide vital information and knowledge for practitioners involved in building projects. All stakeholders involved in development and design and client teams in public and private sector policy making and implementation need to understand the new approaches to design management processes and how cost planning and design approaches are adapting to using the new technology in practice. The interactive style, using in-text and review questions makes this ideal for students and practitioners alike in property, architecture, construction economics, construction management, real estate, engineering, facilities management and project management.
This volume contains the 49 papers which form the proceedings of the Wroth Memorial Symposium. The themes of the symposium were soil properties and their measurement, especially means of in-situ tests, prediction and performance, and design methods.
A woman commits suicide for no apparent reason. A week later, her son—beautiful, troubled fifteen-year-old Mark Underhill—vanishes from the face of the earth. To his uncle, horror novelist Timothy Underhill, Mark’s inexplicable absence feels like a second death. After his sister-in-law’s funeral, Tim searches his hometown of Millhaven for clues that might help him unravel this mystery of death and disappearance. He soon learns that a pedophilic murderer is on the loose in the vicinity, and that shortly before his mother’s suicide Mark had become obsessed with an abandoned house where he imagined the killer might have taken refuge. No mere empty building, the house on Michigan Street whispers from attic to basement with the echoes of a long-hidden true-life horror story, and Tim Underhill comes to fear that in investigating its unspeakable history, Mark stumbled across its last and greatest secret: a ghostly lost girl who may have coaxed the needy, suggestible boy into her mysterious domain. With lost boy lost girl, Peter Straub affirms once again that he is the master of literary horror.
A surge of new molding technologies is transforming plastics processing and material forms to the highly efficient, integrated manufacturing that will set industry standards in the early years of this century. This book is a survey of these technologies, putting them into context and accentuating opportunities. The relations among these technologies are analyzed in terms of products, materials, processing, and geometry.
Roadwork: Theory and Practice, now in its sixth edition, gives the essential information needed by every road worker, highway technician, incorporated, graduate or chartered engineer, not only by explaining the theory of road construction and its associated activities, but by illustrating its application with practical working methods that are in use in everyday engineering practice. As such, it successfully bridges the gap so often found between civil engineering theory and the day-to-day work of a highways engineer. The authors have drawn from a lifetime of experience in the construction industry and included current design and construction practices.
Shaft sinking for the extraction of minerals has taken place for centuries, and for much of this time, coal mining was carried out in the North East of England. Various methods of pit sinking developed from the use of shallow bell pits to the excavation of deep shafts, in order to access rich seams of coal and other minerals for sale in rapidly urbanising areas such as London. In the close mining communities of Northumberland and Durham, those who dug the initial shafts, the sinkers themselves, were regarded as the mining elite. This book not only tells the story of mining itself, through upheaval and technological developments, but also focuses on the lives of miners and their families above ground in the emerging pit towns adn villages; places where religion adn miners' galas were an integral part of life. Peter Ford Mason, descended from three generations of County Durham miners, has written a fascinating investigation onto miming society, which makes a compelling read for anyone interested in the social history of the North East or the mining industry as a whole.
Looking around him in 1906, Samuel Gompers saw a labor movement beset by opponents who, he said, "represent neither conscience nor humanity, but rather greed and avarice." This installment in the multivolume documentary history of the nation's premier labor leader spotlights a pivotal period in the AFL's development. "The editors have done their job well, succeeding admirably in their aim of presenting a multidimensional portrait of Gompers and his era." -- Bernard Elbaum, Journal of Economic History "A distinguished and invaluable collection." -- Bruce Laurie, Industrial and Labor Relations Review Supported by the National Historical Publications and Records Commission and the University of Maryland at College Park
Drug War is a landmark modern history: the first ever full account of the United Kingdom’s fight against the illegal importation of drugs. Packed with remarkable revelations and thrilling anecdotes, it tells for the first time the story of the high-level traffickers who drugged Britain, and the secretive organisation that tried to stop them: the Investigation Division of HM Customs and Excise. The ID’s elite officers waged a fifty-year battle to stem the tide of cannabis, cocaine and heroin arriving by land, air and sea, and to track, arrest and prosecute the smuggling gangs, both organised and chaotic, who turned an amateur pastime into a multi-billion-pound trade. The result of more than 100 unique interviews, many with insiders who have never spoken publicly, it is a ground-breaking account of one of the most vital subjects of our times. It begins with the UN Single Convention of 1961, intended to enshrine a worldwide ban on narcotics. Yet within five years the UK was on the cusp of a narco-boom, driven by immigrants from its former colonies and by the eruption of the youth counterculture. The insidious effect was to corrupt key areas of British life, including airport baggage and freight handlers at Heathrow Airport, dockers at the major ports and even the Drug Squad at New Scotland Yard. Drug War chronicles: the first major ‘barons’, including the brilliant laser scientist Dr Gurdev Singh Sangha; the rise of hippie traffickers such as the legendary Howard Marks, and the violent gangland syndicates that ultimately brushed them aside; the ongoing rivalry between police and Customs and how this often blighted the law enforcement response; the emergence of London’s first heroin godfather, Gigi Bekir, and how the Turkish state was complicit in flooding the country with smack; the heavyweight ‘untouchables’ who eventually streamlined the drug business, and the extraordinary covert methods employed against them; and how secret liaison with British and American spy agencies led to the biggest cocaine seizures ever, the motherships of the Colombian cartels. Concluding with the series of mishaps and scandals that ushered in the Serious Organised Crime Agency, Drug War is a ground-breaking account packed with unique revelations, personal testimony and fresh analysis.
The Parisi were a tribe located somewhere within the present day East Riding of Yorkshire, UK, known from a brief reference by Ptolemy They were originally immigrants from Gaul and share their name with the tribe that occupied modern day France. Fairly obvious from their name, they gave the French capital its name.The investigation of the Parisi began in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, following the trend for antiquarian exploration elsewhere in Britain. Before that the remains of Roman buildings encountered in medieval East Yorkshire were treated with little respect and used as a resource. The Parisi tells this captivating story of the history of the archaeology of The Parisi, from the initial investigations in the sixteenth century right through to modern day investigations.
Some of humanity's earliest ancestors lived in southern Africa and evidence from sites there has inspired key debates on human origins and the emergence of complex cognition. Building on its rich rock art heritage, archaeologists have developed theoretical work that continues to influence rock art studies worldwide, with the relationship between archaeological and anthropological data central to understanding past hunter-gatherer, pastoralist, and farmer communities alike. New work on pre-colonial states contests models that previously explained their emergence via external trade, while the transformations wrought by European colonialism are being rewritten to emphasise Indigenous agency, feeding into efforts to decolonise the discipline itself. Inhabited by humans longer than almost anywhere else and with an unusually varied, complex past, southern Africa thus has much to contribute to archaeology worldwide. In this revised and updated edition, Peter Mitchell provides a comprehensive and extensively illustrated synthesis of its archaeology over more than three million years.
If you drive through Mpumalanga with an eye on the landscape flashing by, you may see, near the sides of the road and further away on the hills above and in the valleys below, fragments of building in stone as well as sections of stone-walling breaking the grass cover. Endless stone circles, set in bewildering mazes and linked by long stone passages, cover the landscape stretching from Ohrigstad to Carolina, connecting over 10 000 square kilometres of the escarpment into a complex web of stone-walled homesteads, terraced fields and linking roads. Oral traditions recorded in the early twentieth century named the area Bokoni - the country of the Koni people. Few South Africans or visitors to the country know much about these settlements, and why today they are deserted and largely ignored. A long tradition of archaeological work which might provide some of the answers remains cloistered in universities and the knowledge vacuum has been filled by a variety of exotic explanations - invoking ancient settlers from India or even visitors from outer space - that share a common assumption that Africans were too primitive to have created such elaborate stone structures. Forgotten World defies the usual stereotypes about backward African farming methods and shows that these settlements were at their peak between 1500 and 1820, that they housed a substantial population, organised vast amounts of labour for infrastructural development, and displayed extraordinary levels of agricultural innovation and productivity. The Koni were part of a trading system linked to the coast of Mozambique and the wider world of Indian Ocean trade beyond. Forgotten World tells the story of Bokoni through rigorous historical and archaeological research, and lavishly illustrates it with stunning photographic images.
The Routeldge Handbook of Latin American Politics brings together the leading figures in the study of Latin America to present extensive empirical coverage and a cutting-edge examination of the central areas of inquiry in the region.
Fills an inexplicable gap in the published history of schooling in the twentieth century, featuring the voice of the teacher telling his or her own story set alongside more conventional commentary.
Neufert's Architects' Data is an essential reference for the initial design and planning of a building project. It provides, in one concise volume, the core information needed to form the framework for the more detailed design and planning of any building project. Organised largely by building type, it covers the full range of preliminary considerations, and with over 6200 diagrams it provides a mass of data on spatial requirements. Most illustrations are dimensioned and each building type includes plans, sections, site layouts and design details. An extensive bibliography and a detailed set of metric/ imperial conversion tables are included. Since it was first published in Germany in 1936, Ernst Neufert's handbook has been progressively revised and updated through 39 editions and many translations. This fourth English language edition is translated from the 39th German edition, and represents a major new edition for an international, English speaking readership. Reviews of the Previous Edition: "Neufert's Architects' Data was the first book I bought when I started my studies in architecture. It was invaluable for me then and it is still a useful aid in my designs." —Cesar Pelli "With this thorough rewrite Neufert has produced yet again an invaluable reference book." —The Architects' Journal
When this book was first published in 1975 it was at once enthusiastically received by scholars and the general public alike and recognized as a classic of its genre. It represented a notable publication of the early fruits of the Commission's work on the side of its responsibility for the National Monuments Record for Wales. During the years which have since intervened, much fresh information has come to light concerning Welsh houses - not least because of the intense interest awakened by the original publication. This new knowledge has, as far as possible, been incorporated in the new and revised edition, which contains approximately onequarter more material than the first. Although it has not been possible to alter the original text, a number of additional maps and photographs have been included and a new dust-jacket has been designed. The Commissioners would wish warmly to congratulate their Secretary, Mr. Peter Smith, those of his colleagues who were associated with him, and H.M.S.O. on the excellence of this volume. It marks another outstanding landmark in the study of vernacular architecture, not only in Wales but also in the British Isles, and a major achievement on the part of its author. Although this second edition of Houses of the Welsh Countryside retains in their entirety the text, the illustrations, and the layout of the volume first published in 1975, it also includes a substantial amount of new information which has come to light since that date. Some of this new material takes the form of additional figures inserted where appropriate into the existing illustrative pages. Similarly a small number of additional colour plates showing typical houses in characteristic settings has been tipped into the text. There are also additions to the original map lists. It has not been possible for reasons of cost to bring the maps themselves up to date, but as the newly-discovered sites nearly always reinforce the distribution patterns first indicated, this omission is not crucial. The numbers of new discoveries can vary from a mere handful on one list to several hundred on another. All other new material is introduced as part of an additional SECTION IV at the back of the volume. This section comprises: Corrigenda Covering sites which were inadequately or incorrectly described in the first volume, involving in one case a complete reappraisal of the original reference. Addenda I Describing and illustrating a small number of newly surveyed houses of especial interest which could not easily be fitted into the illustrations in the main text. Addenda II Analysing the incidence of date-inscriptions as evidence for building activity. Addenda III Listing and mapping a number of features of domestic architecture not previously so noted. Addenda IV Listing and mapping various features of ecclesiastical architecture which also occur in houses and which therefore have a bearing on the evolution of domestic architecture.
These core conversations between Peter Stanlis and Robert Frost occurred during 1939-1941. They are written in the much larger context of nearly a quarter century of friendship that ended only with the passing of Frost in 1963. These discussions provide a unique window of opportunity to appreciate the sources of Frost's philosophical visions, as well as his poetic interests. The discussions between Stanlis and Frost were held between six consecutive summers (1939-1944), when Stanlis was a student at the Bread Loaf Graduate School of English. These were augmented by additional exchanges at Bread Loaf in 1961-1962. These conversations provide original insights on important subjects common to both men. Frost insisted that it was impossible to make a complete or final unity out of the conflicts between spirit and matter. Ordinary empirical experience and rational discursive reason and logic could not harmonize basic conflicts. He held that the best method to ameliorate apparent contradictions in dualistic conflicts was through the "play" of metaphorical thinking and feeling. Metaphors included parables, allegories, fables, images, symbols, irony, and the forms and techniques of poetry such as rhyme, rhythm, assonance, dissonance, personifications, and connotations. These are the arsenal from which poets draw their insightful metaphors, but such metaphors are also the common property of every normal person. A poem is "a momentary stay against confusion," a form of revelation for "a clarification of life," but not a final, absolute answer to the mysteries and complexities in man's life on Earth. So too - at their best - are science, religion, philosophy, education, politics, and scholarship as a means of ameliorating human problems.
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