William Godwin has long been known for his literary connections as the husband of Mary Wollstonecraft, the father of Mary Shelley, the friend of Coleridge, Lamb, and Hazlitt, the mentor of the young Wordsworth, Southey, and Shelley, and the opponent of Malthus. Godwin has been recently recognized, however, as the most capable exponent of philosophical anarchism, an original moral thinker, a pioneer in socialist economics and progressive education, and a novelist of great skill. His long life straddled two centuries. Not only did he live at the center of radical and intellectual London during the French Revolution, he also commented on some of the most significant changes in British history. Shaped by the Enlightenment, he became a key figure in English Romanticism. Basing his work on extensive published and unpublished materials, Peter Marshall has written a comprehensive study of this flamboyant and fascinating figure. Marshall places Godwin firmly in his social, political, and historical context; he traces chronologically the origin and development of Godwin’s ideas and themes; and he offers a critical estimate of his works, recognizing the equal value of his philosophy and literature and their mutual illumination. The picture of Godwin that emerges is one of a complex man and a subtle and revolutionary thinker, one whose influence was far greater than is usually assumed. In the final analysis, Godwin stands forth not only as a rare example of a man who excelled in both philosophy and literature but as one of the great humanists in the Western tradition.
First Published in 2002. Amongst a time of rapid and radical social change, New Accents is a positive response to change, with each volume seeking to encourage rather than resist the process of change, to stretch rather than reinforce boundaries that currently define literature and its academic study. All the essays collected here deal in their different ways with 'popular fictions', but they were all, also, first published in the journal Literature and History. In that sense, then, they are quite literally 'essays in literature and history'.
In the first of these two plays, a group of English teenagers investigates the mysterious disappearance of a girl during an eclipse and, in the second, conflicts develop among friends as they face their sexuality.
How did romanticism define its relationship with its sources? How has romanticism since been understood and misunderstood across a range of cultural activities? These are among the questions taken up in this reexamination of the place of adaptation within romanticism. Renegotiating the cultural topography of the period and the place of romanticism in subsequent cultural history, the volume focuses on the adaptation of source material by romantic writers and the adaptation in subsequent periods of the tropes and ideologies associated with romanticism. In place of a hierarchical distinction between source and text, between ’romanticism’ and its contexts, the collection identifies distinct but overlapping and mutually constitutive genres such as the Gothic and romance. Whether their essays deal with early nineteenth-century periodical reviews, affordable editions of Pride and Prejudice aimed at the late nineteenth-century mass audience, or the ongoing cultural presence of romanticism in late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century debates about embryology and stem cell research, the contributors remain cognizant of the tension between the processes of adaptation and the apparent ideology of romantic originality.
Romanticism - and Byron" is a book in two parts. In the first part, Dr Cochran examines "Romanticism" and shows that it is a word meaning anything, and therefore nothing. It is an academic construct created by academics, and has no basis in the writings of the early nineteenth century. Its continued use, argues Dr Cochran, is a modern marketing phenomenon solely. In the second part, Dr Cochran examines the life and work of Byron in the non-"romantic" context of his contemporaries. He shows how Byron's antithetical nature created problems when he was forced into compromising situations with friends who were close to parts of his mind, yet irreconcilable with one another. This "mobility", argues Cochran, was often an embarrassment for Byron's social life, but of great benefit to his creativity. This part of the book features chapters on Shelley, Scott, Blake, Keats, Coleridge and Wordsworth, and is notable for the amount of original archive documentation with which Cochran illustrates his theme.
A valuable resource to institutions of higher education and various state and national superintendent organizations and agencies, The Dark Side of Educational Leadership provides valuable insights into specific resiliency behaviors that contribute to superintendents' abilities to overcome the trauma associated with being a professional victim. Specifically illuminating those issues that contribute most often to the victimization of superintendents, well-researched chapters demonstrate strategies employed by superintendents to prevent similar issues from causing additional pain. Polka and Litchka identify resiliency factors of most significance to superintendents in dealing with the professional victim syndrome, helping superintendents to better prepare for the professional victim syndrome during their professional career.
In this extraordinary new book, a pioneer in the research on Collective Learning Systems (an adaptive learning paradigm for artificial intelligence) describes the processes and mechanisms of human and artificial cognition, defines a fundamental building block for assembling large-scale adaptive systems (the learning cell) and proposes a design for the ultimate machine: a hierarchical network of 100 million learning cells that could exhibit the full range of cognitive capabilities of the human cerebral cortex.The author demonstrates that using the classical “expert system” approach to create such a vast knowledge base would require thousands of years to program all the necessary rules. He then explains how an adaptive Collective Learning System could achieve this goal in a matter of 20 years, much as humans do. Based on natural anatomical and behavioral precedents, Collective Learning enables a machine to learn the appropriate rules through trial-and-error interaction with the real world.In the course of explaining the principles of Collective Learning and his design for the ultimate machine, the author introduces a new theory of games for modelling the processes of the universe and discusses the philosophical issues raised by the prospect of creating machines that exhibit human-like intelligence. In addition to a number of small-scale software illustrations of Collective Learning, the final chapter presents the remarkable results of a large-scale research project directed by the author: a hardware and software simulation of the sub-symbolic image-processing functions of the primary visual cortex of the brain.To make the content palatable to a wide variety of readers, the book is written in a conversational style and laced with humor.Lengthy mathematical derivations and proofs have been omitted or abbreviated. Bibliographical references to scholarly journal papers and books are included to guide theoreticians to the attendant formalisms.
The history of mountaineering has long served as a metaphor for civilization triumphant. Once upon a time, the Alps were an inaccessible habitat of specters and dragons, until heroic men—pioneers of enlightenment—scaled their summits, classified their strata and flora, and banished the phantoms forever. A fascinating interdisciplinary study of the first ascents of the major Alpine peaks and Mount Everest, The Summits of Modern Man surveys the far-ranging significance of our encounters with the world’s most alluring and forbidding heights. Our obsession with “who got to the top first” may have begun in 1786, the year Jacques Balmat and Michel-Gabriel Paccard climbed Mont Blanc and inaugurated an era in which Romantic notions of the sublime spurred climbers’ aspirations. In the following decades, climbing lost its revolutionary cachet as it became associated instead with bourgeois outdoor leisure. Still, the mythic stories of mountaineers, threaded through with themes of imperialism, masculinity, and ascendant Western science and culture, seized the imagination of artists and historians well into the twentieth century, providing grist for stage shows, poetry, films, and landscape paintings. Today, we live on the threshold of a hot planet, where melting glaciers and rising sea levels create ambivalence about the conquest of nature. Long after Hillary and Tenzing’s ascent of Everest, though, the image of modern man supreme on the mountaintop retains its currency. Peter Hansen’s exploration of these persistent images indicates how difficult it is to imagine our relationship with nature in terms other than domination.
Byron and Bob is the first book ever to be dedicated to the most important literary relationship in Byron’s career – that with the Poet Laureate, Robert Southey, whom he hated, and to whom he “dedicated” his most important poem, Don Juan. Drawing on much unseen manuscript material, Peter Cochran shows that although Byron’s antipathy towards Southey was at first a normal literary distaste, it became, the more he ingested his private image of Southey, a projected self-distrust, a dislike of everything in himself with which he was unhappy. The book has as appendix a double edition of the two Visions of Judgement, firstly Southey’s original, and then Byron’s travesty, in which he has succeeded in rendering his enemy ridiculous to all succeeding generations. These two important works have not been published together for many years.
Byron and Hobby-O is about the relationship between Byron and his supposed best friend, John Cam Hobhouse. It is the first full-length biographical study of Hobhouse in over fifty years, and is much franker and more intimate than anything preceding. It shows how, while the two men were initially collaborators and rivals, Byron rapidly outstretched Hobhouse in poetry, while Hobhouse, in the longer term, outstretched Byron in politics. It shows how long acquaintance with the elusive and chameleonic Byron turned Hobhouse into a canter and humbug of the kind Byron hated, and concludes with an account of the first English invasion of Afghanistan, which Hobhouse initiated. The book is based in part on long study of Hobhouse’s diary, much of which Peter Cochran has edited.
Long recognized as an essential reference for therapists and surgeons treating the hand and the upper extremity, Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity helps you return your patients to optimal function of the hand, wrist, elbow, arm, and shoulder. Leading hand surgeons and hand therapists detail the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of virtually any disorder you're likely to see, with a focus on evidence-based and efficient patient care. Extensively referenced and abundantly illustrated, the 7th Edition of this reference is a "must read" for surgeons interested in the upper extremity, hand therapists from physical therapy or occupational therapy backgrounds, anyone preparing for the CHT examination, and all hand therapy clinics. - Offers comprehensive coverage of all aspects of hand and upper extremity disorders, forming a complete picture for all members of the hand team—surgeons and therapists alike. - Provides multidisciplinary, global guidance from a Who's Who list of hand surgery and hand therapy editors and contributors. - Includes many features new to this edition: considerations for pediatric therapy; a surgical management focus on the most commonly used techniques; new timing of therapeutic interventions relative to healing characteristics; and in-print references wherever possible. - Features more than a dozen new chapters covering Platelet-Rich Protein Injections, Restoration of Function After Adult Brachial Plexus Injury, Acute Management of Upper Extremity Amputation, Medical Management for Pain, Proprioception in Hand Rehabilitation, Graded Motor Imagery, and more. - Provides access to an extensive video library that covers common nerve injuries, hand and upper extremity transplantation, surgical and therapy management, and much more. - Helps you keep up with the latest advances in arthroscopy, imaging, vascular disorders, tendon transfers, fingertip injuries, mobilization techniques, traumatic brachial plexus injuries, and pain management—all clearly depicted with full-color illustrations and photographs.
These core conversations between Peter Stanlis and Robert Frost occurred during 1939-1941. They are written in the much larger context of nearly a quarter century of friendship that ended only with the passing of Frost in 1963. These discussions provide a unique window of opportunity to appreciate the sources of Frost's philosophical visions, as well as his poetic interests. The discussions between Stanlis and Frost were held between six consecutive summers (1939-1944), when Stanlis was a student at the Bread Loaf Graduate School of English. These were augmented by additional exchanges at Bread Loaf in 1961-1962. These conversations provide original insights on important subjects common to both men. Frost insisted that it was impossible to make a complete or final unity out of the conflicts between spirit and matter. Ordinary empirical experience and rational discursive reason and logic could not harmonize basic conflicts. He held that the best method to ameliorate apparent contradictions in dualistic conflicts was through the "play" of metaphorical thinking and feeling. Metaphors included parables, allegories, fables, images, symbols, irony, and the forms and techniques of poetry such as rhyme, rhythm, assonance, dissonance, personifications, and connotations. These are the arsenal from which poets draw their insightful metaphors, but such metaphors are also the common property of every normal person. A poem is "a momentary stay against confusion," a form of revelation for "a clarification of life," but not a final, absolute answer to the mysteries and complexities in man's life on Earth. So too-at their best-are science, religion, philosophy, education, politics, and scholarship as a means of ameliorating human problems.
Magician and teacher Ben April is looking forward to teaching at his new class at Lockley College of the Arts, but his students are not all the eager young rising stars he was expecting. There is someone who cannot speak English, someone who has an autistic condition and one who suffers from chronic stage fright. One of them is confined to a wheelchair and one is possibly being stalked. And who is Meesh?
In this lively and wide-ranging study, Peter Swallow explores the reception of Aristophanes in Britain throughout the long-nineteenth century, setting it in the broader context of Victorian Classicism and, more specifically, the period's reception of Greek tragedy. Swallow shows the surprising extent to which Aristophanes was repurposed across an array of mediums in Victorian Britain, and demonstrates that Aristophanic reception in the period was always a process of speaking to contemporary issues—making Old Comedy new. The book examines two strands of Aristophanic reception: the political and the aesthetic. From the start of the long-nineteenth century, the British reception of Aristophanes tied into contemporary political debate, as historians, translators and commentators, and even the burlesque writer J.R. Planché activated Aristophanes in support of their own political positions. But each writer's conceptualisation of Aristophanes was as different as their political outlooks. While many writers who appropriated Aristophanes for their cause were Tories, a notable outlier is Percy Shelley, whose Aristophanic drama Swellfoot the Tyrant activated Old Comedy to argue for democratic republicanism—what we would now call a left-wing political revolution. The second strand of Aristophanic reception, which developed from around the middle of the nineteenth century, actively depoliticised Old Comedy and instead received it through an aesthetic lens. The aesthetics of Aristophanes—with an emphasis on the beautiful and the archaeological—also lay behind school and university productions of Old Comedy during this period. These strands of nineteenth-century Aristophanic reception find synthesis towards the book's conclusion. Edwardian women's receptions of Aristophanes show how activists used his plays to argue for equal educational opportunities and the right to vote. In the final chapter, Gilbert Murray and George Bernard Shaw's receptions reveal both the political and artistic potential of Aristophanes.
In The Naked Heart, Peter Gay explores the bourgeoisie's turn inward. At the very time that industrialists, inventors, statesmen, and natural scientists were conquering new objective worlds, Gay writes, "the secret life of the self had grown into a favorite and wholly serious indoor sport." Following the middle class's preoccupation with inwardness through its varied cultural expressions (such as fiction, art, history, and autobiography), Gay turns also to the letters and confessional diaries of both obscure and prominent men and women. These revealing documents help to round out a sparkling portrait of an age.
Byron and Italy tackles a subject to which no book has been devoted exclusively since the early 1940s. Peter Cochran writes not just about Byron’s relationships with Italian literature, not just about his relationships with Italian women, and not just about his relationship with Italian politics. He writes about Byron’s relationship with Italy as a whole, seeing the poet’s sojourn in Italy as a vain attempt to forge a new identity for himself. Drawing on a wide range of up-to-date research, including his own as editor of Teresa Guiccioli’s Lord Byron’s Life in Italy and the diary of John Cam Hobhouse, Cochran traces numerous threads of evidence showing how the critical reception Byron’s poetry received from Italian critics gave him a new sense of self-worth, and how his experience of Italian Carnival, and of the Italian mock-heroic tradition in verse, gave him a new idea of who he was, and of what poetry was about. Among much else, the book includes new material on the Carbonari and on Byron’s reading of Ugo Foscolo, and an appendix containing translations of all known Italian and Austrian police-reports on Byron and his entourage.
Renowned historian Peter Gay examines the "inner life" of the middle class, depicting a bourgeoisie far more open and far less hypocritical than its critics have maintained. The figures on these pages include Dickens, Flaubert, Delacroix, Millet, Bocklin, George Eliot, William James and more. Photos.
The Burning of Byron’s Memoirs is a collection of new and uncollected essays, and papers given at many conferences over a two-decade period. They cover many aspects of Byron’s life and work, including his relationship with his parents, his library, his attitude to Shakespeare, his borrowings from other writers, and his feelings about women and men. Two essays centre on his close friends Hobhouse and Kinnaird. All are informed by first-hand acquaintance with primary texts. The title essay has been hailed as the best-ever documentation of the disgraceful way in which Byron’s Memoirs were destroyed within days of his death being announced. For anyone interested in Byron either as a man, a poet, or as a cultural phenomenon, The Burning of Byron’s Memoirs is essential reading.
When the author was 8 years old, her stepfather, Bobby, began to molest her; when she was 13, the molestation escalated into sexual intercourse. Bobby was a brilliant and charismatic man, a millionaire in a small central Texas town where the community regarded him as its chief benefactor. His wife seemed not to want to know what was going on in the household, although she was upset by the frequent screaming matches between her husband and her daughter. When the author finally told her story, Bobby attempted suicide, then plea-bargained a sentence of a few months at a private psychiatric hospital; his step-daughter was sent to a religion-oriented reform school for a year. On her release she brought a civil suit against Bobby and was awarded $10 million.
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