Peter R. Kvietys's Books

Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System

By: Peter R. Kvietys,Ahmed Yaqinuddin,Wael Al Kattan

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Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System

By: Peter R. Kvietys,Ahmed Yaqinuddin,Wael Al Kattan

The gastrointestinal mucosal defense system serves to minimize mucosal injury by either ingested or endogenously produced noxious substances. The mucosal defense system is stratified into pre-epithelial (alkaline mucus), epithelial (dynamic epithelial lining), and post-epithelial (microcirculation) components. The mucus lining the epithelial surface presents a diffusional barrier to ingested material (e.g., lipids) and also serves as an unstirred layer in which a pH gradient can be established to prevent acid-induced injury. The epithelial lining prevents entrance of any toxic material to the interstitium and, should it be damaged, it is rapidly resealed by migration of adjacent viable epithelial cells to cover the defect. Any acid or other material that has entered the interstitium is washed out by an intense neurogenic hyperemia. In general, the mucosal defense system is quite effective and any adverse gastrointestinal effects associated with the normal course of nutrient assimilation are minimal. However, there are two situations in which the mucosal defense system is known to be ineffective and result in gastric mucosal injury: inadvertent ingestion of H. pylori. or intentional ingestion of NSAIDs. H. pylori can penetrate the mucus layers and cause epithelial injury and inflammation, while at the same time preventing its clearance by the host immune system. NSAIDs weaken the mucus layer and cause epithelial cell injury. Table of Contents: Acknowledgments / Introduction / The Mucus Layer / Epithelial Lining / Gastrointestinal Circulation / Integration of Mucosal Defense / Mucosal Defense System: Physiologic / Mucosal Defense System: H. pylori / Mucosal Defense System: Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) / Overall Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biographies

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Page Count

174

Publisher

Biota Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1615041486

ISBN 13

9781615041480

The Gastrointestinal Circulation

By: Peter R. Kvietys

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The Gastrointestinal Circulation

By: Peter R. Kvietys

The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy / Regulation of Vascular Tone and Oxygenation / Extrinsic Vasoregulation: Neural and Humoral / Postprandial Hyperemia / Transcapillary Solute Exchange / Transcapillary Fluid Exchange / Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Defense / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology I: Ischemia/Reperfusion / Gastrointestinal Circulation and Mucosal Pathology II: Chronic Portal Hypertension / Summary and Conclusions / References / Author Biography

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Page Count

127

Publisher

Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Published Date

ISBN 10

1615041176

ISBN 13

9781615041176

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Part 2

By: D. Neil Granger,James D. Morris,Peter R. Kvietys

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Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Part 2

By: D. Neil Granger,James D. Morris,Peter R. Kvietys

This collaboration of two physiologists and a gastroenterologist provides medical and graduate students, medical and surgical residents, and subspecialty fellows a comprehensive summary of digestive system physiology and addresses the pathophysiological processes that underlie some GI diseases. The textual approach proceeds by organ instead of the traditional organization followed by other GI textbooks. This approach lets the reader track the food bolus as it courses through the GI tract, learning on the way each organ's physiologic functions as the bolus directly or indirectly contacts it. The book is divided into three parts: 1) Chapters 1-3 include coverage of basic concepts that pertain to all (or most) organs of the digestive system, salivation, chewing, swallowing, and esophageal function, 2) Chapters 4-6 are focused on the major secretory organs (stomach, pancreas, liver) that assist in the assimilation of a meal, and 3) Chapters 7 and 8 address the motor, transport, and digestive functions of the small and large intestines. Each chapter includes its own pathophysiology and clinical correlation section that underscores the importance of the organ's normal function.

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138

Publisher

Biota Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1615047883

ISBN 13

9781615047888

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Part 1

By: D. Neil Granger,James D. Morris,Peter R. Kvietys

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Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Part 1

By: D. Neil Granger,James D. Morris,Peter R. Kvietys

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106

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Biota Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1615047875

ISBN 13

9781615047871

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Part 2

By: D. Neil Granger,James D. Morris,Peter R. Kvietys

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Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Part 2

By: D. Neil Granger,James D. Morris,Peter R. Kvietys

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138

Publisher

Biota Publishing

Published Date

ISBN 10

1615047883

ISBN 13

9781615047888

Book's by Peter R. Kvietys

Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System

Gastrointestinal Mucosal Defense System

The Gastrointestinal Circulation

The Gastrointestinal Circulation

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Digestion

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