Problems with costs, quality, productivity and attendance, primarily stem from bad behavioural patterns encouraged within the organization. To prevent and manage these problems, a behavioural approach to managing people is often the most effective.This dynamic textbook illustrates how behaviour analysis theory can be used to alter how people behave
The challenge to improve safety at work remains a key concern of many organizations, as traditional approaches to safety in organizations have not had the anticipated impact of reducing accident rates at work. As the authors of this new book show, the existing methods of attempting to enhance safe performance have very limited efficacy. The Management of Safety reviews the main theories underlying safety management and their application to developing safe behaviour, and provides an introduction to the new behaviour-based approach to safety management and quality improvement. Throughout the text, useful examples and illustrations are included to show the need for this new approach. This book should be read by anyone with an interest in or responsibility for safety in the workplace, and by academics and students of human resource management and organizational behaviour and occupational psychology.
An argument that health is optimal responsiveness and is often best treated at the system level. Medical education centers on the venerable “no-fault” concept of homeostasis, whereby local mechanisms impose constancy by correcting errors, and the brain serves mainly for emergencies. Yet, it turns out that most parameters are not constant; moreover, despite the importance of local mechanisms, the brain is definitely in charge. In this book, the eminent neuroscientist Peter Sterling describes a broader concept: allostasis (coined by Sterling and Joseph Eyer in the 1980s), whereby the brain anticipates needs and efficiently mobilizes supplies to prevent errors. Allostasis evolved early, Sterling explains, to optimize energy efficiency, relying heavily on brain circuits that deliver a brief reward for each positive surprise. Modern life so reduces the opportunities for surprise that we are driven to seek it in consumption: bigger burgers, more opioids, and innumerable activities that involve higher carbon emissions. The consequences include addiction, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and climate change. Sterling concludes that solutions must go beyond the merely technical to restore possibilities for daily small rewards and revivify the capacities for egalitarianism that were hard-wired into our nature. Sterling explains that allostasis offers what is not found in any medical textbook: principled definitions of health and disease: health as the capacity for adaptive variation and disease as shrinkage of that capacity. Sterling argues that since health is optimal responsiveness, many significant conditions are best treated at the system level.
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