Written in a clear, accessible style, Health introduces students to the valuable contribution sociologists have made to understanding health, illness and disease. In so doing, it challenges the adequacy of biomedical models, contrasting them with explanations offered by positivist, interactionist, structuralist and feminist sociologists. Aggleton, an experienced teacher, links the key debates within the sociology of health and illness with their implications for health care, and covers topics such as complementary medicine and AIDS. Students are encouraged to undertake suggested activities and are given guidance for further reading to develop their understanding.
Over the last two decades, molecular genetics and brain imaging have guided efforts to find the causes of schizophrenia. It is becoming increasingly clear that many genes are involved in schizophrenia and that they interact with other factors in very complex ways, which have not yet been elucidated. Neuroimaging techniques have allowed scientists and physicians to examine brain structure, function, and chemistry in living patients with schizophrenia but results so far have been disappointing. No two patients seem to share exactly the same combination of clinical symptoms or physical findings. Yet all have the syndrome recognized as schizophrenia. The author of this accessible, well-written book argues that it is time to set aside the search for a single cause of schizophrenia and focus on the disease's final common pathway. He highlights clues from a wide range of research, including neurotransmitter, psychophysiological, and brain imaging studies. He then describes possibilities for the final common pathway at an understandable level in the context of what is already known about schizophrenia. While there are no preferred models of schizophrenia, a pattern is emerging which implicates those structures in the brain known to be important in integrating perception, cognition, and affect. A better understanding of these processes will be critical for developing more effective treatments. This book will help advance that effort. It will be of great value to psychiatrists, psychologists, neurologists, neuroimagers, and basic scientists working in the field of schizophrenia research, and to their students and trainees. It will also be of interest to clinicians and scientists concerned with other neuropsychiatric disorders, and to the families of those diagnosed with schizophrenia.
To truly understand consumer behaviors, we need a clear understanding of how the brain is shaped by contextual factors. Consumer Neuroscience presents a clear overview of the fundamentals of neuroscience and applies the principles to understanding consumer behaviors. The initial chapters introduce the topic to ensure that even those with a limited knowledge of neuroscience will be able to grasp the more advanced content. The book moves on to review: methods, the field of affective neuroscience, mechanisms and applications of neuroimaging methods and fundamentals of visual neuroscience. Consumer Neuroscience concludes with a collection of case studies that allow readers to analyze actual results of different cases in which brain activity was used to answer marketing and business questions. - Presents readers with a clear overview of consumer neuroscience as a field - Includes a visual brain index - Discusses neuroscientific areas that are highly relevant to consumer sciences but may not yet have been integrated into the discipline - Offers the combined expertise of a psychologist and a neuroscientist in authoring the book to provide well rounded insights into the area of consumer neuroscience - Describes unresolved issues and possible methods in consumer neuroscience, along with approaches for tackling them
Draws on evidence from neuroimaging studies, together with evidence from the fields of neuropsychology, cognitive psychology, electrophysiology, neurochemistry and pharmacology, to generate a coherent and plausible account of cerebral processes by which mental symptoms are generated.
Religion and its relationship to schooling is an issue that has become more and more topical in recent years. In many countries, developments such as the diversification of state school sectors, concerns about social cohesion between ethnic and religious groups, and debates about national identity and values have raised old and new questions about the role of religion in education. Whilst the significance of this issue has been reflected in renewed interest from the academic community, much of this work has continued to be based around theoretical or pedagogical debates and stances, rather than evidence-based empirical research. This book aims to address this gap by exploring the social and political role of religion in the context of the primary school. Drawing on original ethnographic research with a child-centred orientation, comparisons are drawn between Community and Roman Catholic primary schools situated within a multi-faith urban area in the UK. In doing so, the study explores a number of ways in which religion has the potential to contribute to everyday school life, including through school ethos and values, inter-pupil relations, community cohesion and social identity and difference. At the centre of the analysis are two key sociological debates about the significance of religion in late modern societies. The first is concerned with the place of religion in public life and the influence of secularisation and post-secularism on the relationship between religion and schooling. The second relates to the increasingly multi-faith nature of many national populations and the implications for religious citizenship in educational settings. Religion in the Primary School will be a useful resource for academics, researchers and students as a key addition to existing knowledge in the disciplines of education, sociology and human geography. It will also be of value to both policy-makers and educationalists interested in the role of religion in schools and the implications for the wider community and society in a range of national contexts.
“A historical masterpiece! Just when we thought we knew everything about the politics and policies of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, Peter Baldwin surprises us with innovative insights about the sharp differences in policy among countries as well as complex tradeoffs between civil liberties and public goods. This is a refreshing and readable book in which AIDS is used as a lens to understand the public health enterprise ranging from leprosy and syphilis to tuberculosis and SARS. Baldwin offers a deeply historical and comparative understanding of HIV in the industrialized world.”—Lawrence O. Gostin, author of Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint "Although a vast literature has emerged to chronicle and reflect on the history of the AIDS epidemic since it was first reported almost a quarter of a century ago, there is nothing like Peter Baldwin's probing and synthetic analysis of AIDS in the industrialized world. Building on his masterful Contagion and the State in Europe 1830-1930, Baldwin has provided a complex historical tapestry of how an epidemic threat has challenged and exposed democracies that thought infectious threats a thing of the past."—Ronald Bayer author of Private Acts, Social Cosequences:Aids and the Politics Of Public Health and coauthor with Gerald Oppenheimer of AIDS Doctors:Voices from the Epidemic
Providing a comprehensive development and defense of one of the guiding assumptions of evolutionary psychology: that the human mind is composed of a large number of semi-independent modules, this book is a useful reading for those with an interest in the nature and organisation of the mind.
For the British 1st Airborne Division Operation Market Garden in September 1944 was a disaster. The Division was eliminated as a fighting force with around a half of its men were captured. The Germans were faced with dealing with 6,000 prisoners in a fortnight; many of them seriously wounded. Somehow the men were processed and despatched to camps around Germany and German occupied eastern Europe. Here the men experienced the reality of the collapsing regime – little food and shrinking frontiers. Once liberated in 1945 returning former prisoners were required to complete liberation questionnaires. Some refused. Others returned before ’Operation Endor’ to handle released men and their repatriation to Britain was in place. Around a third did. However the questionnaires that do exist give an picture of every day experience for the 2,357 of these elite troops’ time in captivity from capture to release. They show that German procedures still operating, but that men were often treated inhumanely, when moved to camps by closed box cars and when camps were evacuated. Although their interrogators were interested in Allied aircraft and airfields, their interrogators were also concerned the effect of the new miracle weapons and with politics, how Germany would be treated after an Allied victory? Nevertheless the airborne men’s morale remained high; carrying out sabotage at artificial oil plants, railway repairs, factories and mines. Some overcame their guards when being evacuated at the end of the War, in some cases joining the Resistance. They record help received from Dutch, French and German civilians.
The fourth edition of this bestselling textbook builds your skills for accurate, person-centred assessment and care planning. Working step-by-step through the process, it equips you with practical assessment tools and models for care planning. Its holistic approach helps you to think in the round about an individual’s physical health, mental health and other needs, as well as the broader social and environmental factors that influence their lives and care. Fully updated in line with contemporary evidence-based practice, this book will support you through your assignments, placements and into your nursing career. Key features: • Each chapter is mapped to the 2018 NMC Standards • Introduces commonly used assessment tools alongside broader considerations, including preventative healthcare assessment and acting in a patient′s best interests. • Scenarios and case studies illustrate theory, principles and complex assessment • Develops the critical thinking and decision-making skills which are essential for effective practice
Anthropological contributions to the study of infectious disease and to the study of actual infectious disease eradication programmes have rarely been collected in one volume. In the era of AIDS and the global resurgance of infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria, there is widespread interest and concern about the cultural, ecological and political factors that are directly related to the increased prevalence of infectious disease. In this book, the authors have assembled the growing scholarship in one volume. Chapters explore the coevolution of genes and cultural traits; the cultural construction of 'disease' and how these models influence health-seeking behaviour; cultural adaptive strategies to infectious disease problems; the ways in which ethnography sheds light on epidemiological patterns of infectious disease; the practical and ethical dilemmas that anthropologists face by participating in infectious disease programmes; and the political ecology of infectious disease.
This book is a follow-up to Inside Schools. It reviews the position of ethnography in educational research in the light of current issues and of the author's own research over the past ten years. Starting from an analysis of teaching as science and as art, Peter Woods goes on to review the general interactionist framework in which his own work is situated, and how this relates to postmodernist trends in qualitative research. The approach is illustrated through reference to the author's own personal history and research career, and his recent research on creative teaching, critical events, and his teachers reactions to school inspections. How to represent such research is a central feature, and includes a consideration of the tools used in that task and how they relate to the ethnographer's self, whatever forms of representation are selected, however, the audiences' own concerns will guide them in their interpretation of the work. Prominent themes include: * the person of the ethnographer in research * the art of teaching and new ways of representing it, while not forgetting the science of teaching and of research * research for educational use, and the uses of educational research * collaborative work between researchers and teachers The issues covered include such matters as research purposes, research design, research careers, access, data collection, data analysis, truth criteria, the relationship between theory and research methods, writing-up, and dissemination.
This timely book uniquely addresses the application of CBT to children and young people within health, school and community contexts. With the recent expansion of increasing access to psychological therapies (IAPT) CBT is increasingly applied to work with children outside the traditional therapy clinic. This book provides accessible knowledge and practice skills for professional staff working with troubled children and young people in real-world settings. Taking into consideration complex difficulties that do not always fit fixed length treatments, the authors take a much-needed realistic approach to applying CBT to childhood problems. This is relevant and accessible reading for a wide range of specialist child trainees and practitioners, including new IAPT therapists, counsellors, nurses, teachers and social workers. Peter Fuggle, Sandra Dunsmuir & Vicki Curry are co-Directors of the UCL accredited Certificate, Diploma & Masters course on Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and other outcomes based interventions (CBTOBI) delivered at the Anna Freud Centre in London.
Which type of education should we pay for? How much education should we pay for? Can we buy knowledge about how to improve education? Uniquely presenting a general overview of economic principles applicable to all sectors of education, Paying for Education makes key economic ideas accessible to non-economists, whilst drawing on insights from other social science disciplines. It examines the implications of its analysis, especially for two important areas of policy – paying for teachers and paying for teaching in higher education – in order to highlight some underlying issues and consider alternative policy options, as well as reflect on possible futures. The chapters examine: The value of education for the individual The value of education for society Private and public demands for education Choosing a system to supply education The cost, efficiency and equity of providing education Analysing evidence and case studies on a global scale, Paying for Education is an essential read for academics, educational administrators, policy makers, leaders in educational organisations and all of those interested in the future of how we pay for education.
A major feature of human intelligence is that it allows us to contemplate mental life. Such an understanding is vital in enabling us to function effectively in social groups. This book examines the origins of this aspect of human intelligence. The five sections attempt firstly, to place human development within an evolutionary context, focusing on the possibility of innate components of understanding. The second aim of the book is to examine the roles of early perception, pretence and communication as precursor skills in the development of a grasp of mental states. Thirdly, attention is given to the possibility that children know a good deal more about the mind than is apparent from many studies designed to probe their abilities. Taken together, the chapters in this book mark a new focus within a 'theory of mind' movement, examining a group of skills in infancy and early childhood which culminate towards the end of the preschool period in a more mature understanding of one's and others' mental states. Drawing together researchers from diverse theoretical positions, the aim is to work towards a coherent and unified account of this fundamental human abiity. This book will be of central relevance to psychologists and those in related disciplines, particularly education and philosophy.
This book, addressed to learning aspects, emphasizes on reality as a social production, on the individual's construction of meanings on a rational basis, on the emergent and negotiated character of interaction, and on how understandings are based on symbols such as mood and laughter.
The questions raised by a study of class and inequality are important, but often complex. This book succeeds in making them understandable without oversimplifying, and its breadth, originality, and easy style will appeal to a wide readership. Peter Saunders covers theories of social class as well as evidence on class inequalities in the contemporary period. He analyses why class inequalities exist, whether they are inevitable, whether they are unjust, and how they are changing. The analysis is comprehensive and up-to-date and includes information on how the distribution of wealth and income and social mobility chances have been changing during the Thatcher years. It also explores how the class structure is being affected by developments such as the spread of privatization and individual shareholdings, the rise of the 'yuppies', and the emergence of an underclass. On the theoretical side Professor Saunders gives equal weight to marxist, social-democratic, and neo-liberal perspectives on class and inequality, and writers as diverse a Karl Marx, John Rawls, and Friedrich Hayek all receive serious and balanced consideration.
The literature on governmentality has had a major impact across the social sciences over the past decade, and much of this has drawn upon the pioneering work by Peter Miller and Nikolas Rose. This volume will bring together key papers from their work for the first time, including those that set out the basic frameworks, concepts and ethos of this approach to the analysis of political power and the state, and others that analyse specific domains of the conduct of conduct, from marketing to accountancy, and from the psychological management of organizations to the government of economic life. Bringing together empirical papers on the government of economic, social and personal life, the volume demonstrates clearly the importance of analysing these as conjoint phenomena rather than separate domains, and questions some cherished boundaries between disciplines and topic areas. Linking programmes and strategies for the administration of these different domains with the formation of subjectivities and the transformation of ethics, the papers cast a new light on some of the leading issues in contemporary social science modernity, democracy, reflexivity and individualisation. This volume will be indispensable for all those, from whatever discipline in the social sciences, who have an interest in the concepts and methods necessary for critical empirical analysis of power relations in our present.
Rarely does a book come along with a renewed understanding on the way certain issues are treated especially the Churchs response to HIV/AIDS. Other books talk about the social, economic issues in relation to HIV/AIDS, but this book goes further to show the theological basis of the churchs response. With evidence from the history of the main line churches, Mageto exposes the suppressed views within the mission churches on the HIV/AIDS. The book opens up yet another way of understanding the churchs response to HIV/AIDS so far and shows new ways of looking at the pandemic in particular those who are infected and affected.
This book has been written for teachers of business education and economics in the years of their early professional development, including those on PGCE courses, those in their induction year, and those in years two and three of their teaching career. The book will also be suitable for subject leaders with mentor responsibilities and Advanced Skills teachers undertaking specialist inset and teaching support. The book covers the training standards for NQTs and the Induction Standards. But it goes beyond this by fully exploring issues to do with subject knowledge in learning to teach, broadly accepting that an essential element of a secondary teacher’s identity is tied up with the subject taught. The book is divided into three sections: framing the subject – which defines subject knowledge and raises questions about business education and economics as school subjects teaching the subject – which looks at pedagogical, curricular and pupil knowledge business, economics and enterprise within the professional community – which focuses on the place of business education and economics within the wider curriculum and the teaching community. This book aims to provide stimulating assistance to subject specialists by helping them find ways of thinking about their specialism, how to teach with it and how to engage with what pupils learn through it.
This introductory text provides nurses with the foundations of a sociological understanding of health issues which they should find of great help in thinking about their work and the role of their profession. It explains the key sociological theories and debates with humour and imagination in a way which will encourage an inquisitive and reflective approach on the part of any student who engages with the text.
Do we have introspective access to our own thoughts? Peter Carruthers challenges the consensus that we do: he argues that access to our own thoughts is always interpretive, grounded in perceptual awareness and sensory imagery. He proposes a bold new theory of self-knowledge, with radical implications for understanding of consciousness and agency.
This book represents the second of three volumes offering a complete reinterpretation and restructuring of Keynesian macroeconomics and a detailed investigation of the disequilibrium adjustment processes characterizing the financial, the goods and the labour markets and their interaction. In this second volume the authors present a detailed analysis and comparison of two competing types of approaches to Keynesian macroeconomics, one that integrates goods, labour and financial markets, and another from the perspective of a conventional type of LM-analysis or interest-rate policy of the central bank. The authors employ rigorous dynamic macro-models of a descriptive and applicable nature, which will be of interest to all macroeconomists who use formal model-building in their investigations. The research in this book with its focus on Keynesian propagation mechanisms provides a unique alternative to the black-box shock-absorber approaches that dominate modern macroeconomics. The main conclusion of the work is that policy makers need to reconsider Keynesian ideas, but in the modern form in which they are expressed in this volume. Reconstructing Keynesian Macroeconomics will be of interest to students and researchers who want to look at alternatives to the mainstream macrodynamics that emerged from the Monetarist critique of Keynesianism. This book will also engage central bankers and macroeconomic policy makers.
This book is for readers who are knowledgeable about the neurosciences and curious about brain mechanisms that produce normal and pathological social behaviour. It is a reference work that presents and reviews facts and recent findings that need to be accounted for within a coherent neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of social behaviour.
Providing key messages for practice, they outline a range of protection measures against "disability by association" to reduce the risk of stigma and victimisation.
Highly Commended (Third prize) in the Standing Conference on Studies in Education book prize for books published in 1999. `It was a breath of fresh air to see ′contentious′ issues dealt with in an enlightened and informative way. We are certain it will move the debate on years!′ - Chrissie Meleady, Sheffield Childrens′ Centre `Looks most interesting and will certainly be very useful′ - Bronwen Cohen, Director, Children in Scotland `It′s a challenging and exciting book and I hope it is widely used′ - Margy Whalley, Director, Pen Green Research, Development and Training Base, Pen Green Centre for Under 5′s and Their Families `An extremely interesting account. This book highlights some very important tensions and contradictions about the role of men in childcare work. The differing perceptions of women and men concerning men′s involvement in childcare are particularly thoughtfully documented′ - Peter Aggleton, Director, Thomas Coram Research Unit, University of London `An essential book for the debate on gender and childcare... the more academic childcare students will cope with it, will be good for Second year BTEC students, `A′ Level students′ - Robin Wright, Lecturer, Bournemouth and Poole College of Higher Education `Having been a lone male worker, this book has stimulate discussion on gender and how we need to wrestle and value difference. For that reason alone its worth buying′ - Practical Parenting
The new edition of Gray's acclaimed text, featuring dramatic new coverage of sensation and perception and new media tools that actively involve students in psychological research.
This reader compares up-to-date policy and research evidence from the UK and USA on the effectiveness of core child welfare interventions. The text shows how knowledge of effective interventions can be used to improve assessment of needs, and planning and reviewing services to children and their families.
An introductory text that explores Psychology's major theories, and the evidence that supports and refutes them. This title incorporates research, helping students to probe for the purposes and biological origins of behavior - the 'whys' and 'hows' of Human Psychology.
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