China's anti-poverty campaign has liberated hundreds of millions of citizens from absolute poverty, offering a compelling model for other developing countries around the world. This book demonstrates the path of China’s poverty alleviation and explores the approach and the theory underlying the country’s experience. The authors elucidate four important stages of poverty alleviation in China. They further investigate how the administration has balanced economic growth, regional development and the protection of ecosystem and cultural and heritage sites during China's remarkable transformation. As China’s development experience have extended the theory of international poverty alleviation, this book should provide valuable insights and offer enlightenment to global scholars, NGOs and governments of other developing countries.
In the realm of engineering structures design, the inevitability of uncertainties poses a significant challenge. Uncertainty-Based Multidisciplinary Design and Optimization (UBMDO) stands out for its dual ability to precisely quantify the impact of uncertain variables and harness the potential of multidisciplinary design and optimization, thereby attracting considerable attention. From basic theory to advanced applications, this book helps readers achieve more efficient and reliable design optimization in complex systems through rich case studies and practical technical guidance. The book systematically expounds the fundamental theories and methods of UBMDO, encompassing crucial techniques such as uncertainty modeling, sensitivity analysis, approximate modeling, and uncertainty-based optimization. It also introduces various uncertainty analysis methods, such as stochastic, non-probabilistic, and hybrid approaches, aiding readers in comprehending and managing uncertainty within systems. Through diverse practical engineering cases in fields like machinery, aerospace, and energy, it illustrates the specific application and implementation process of the UBMDO method. Rich graphics, algorithms, and simulation results augment the practicality and applicability of the theoretical knowledge. Furthermore, it explores in depth the future development trends and challenges of UBMDO, sparking innovative thinking and research interests among readers in this field. Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Complex Structures Under Uncertainty caters to a diverse audience: Engineers specializing in multidisciplinary design optimization are given the tools to master uncertainty management, and researchers in related fields will gain important theoretical insights and practical guidance in uncertainty analysis. Additionally, scholars and educators can utilize the book as a comprehensive resource for advanced courses, enabling students to grasp the latest UBMDO applications. Decision makers and managers handling complex systems can extract methods from the book, facilitating improved risk assessment, and strategic development through uncertainty-based optimization.
A unique effort in the CHINESE LEARNING SERIES is the strong push on developing student's reading comprehension in Chinese, although high quality education on other skills are also provided in high standard, e.g. verbal communication and writing. Reading comprehension is known as one of the most challenging bottlenecks in Chinese education as a second language. The best practices to be incorporated in our program are based on 1) modern second language education theories; 2) maximum language input; and 3) student centric curriculum, instruction and assessment. CHINESE LEARNING SERIES adopts a “maximum acquisition” methodology, which is designed based on Stephen Krashen's “Input Hypothesis”, pedagogy and educational psychology. Basically, CHINESE LEARNING SERIES students acquire Chinese in a natural order by receiving comprehensible and constructional verse input from classical poems. Multimedia tools are incorporated in CHINESE LEARNING SERIES, e.g. pictures, animation, software and character cards that help students memorize and reflect the Chinese characters that they learnt. Students maximize their language input utilizing poems, animation, games and other effective and interactive means in classroom and at home. Students learn while “playing”. CHINESE LEARNING SERIES teaching and practice materials are easy to follow and fun to use. It has been proven highly effective to have young children reading and reciting famous poems during the past two years. It helps to develop and establish student's Chinese language sense. "Recitation" not only overcomes the learner's anxiety of "foreign language", but also turns tacit knowledge into explicit language. The repetition rate in CHINESE LEARNING SERIES is determined based on the laws of forgetting rate in human, e.g. the contents need to be repeated 6 times at different time points to ensure the students memorizing what they learned. Exercises and reviews after school are weighed equally important as what they learned in class. The CHINESE LEARNING SERIES development team has put in substantial efforts in designing student homework exercise materials, which include the use of multimedia CD with sound, animation, games and other interactive exercises, the word cards and reading exercises on paper. In general, all contents will be reviewed 6 times in different ways in six months so that the students can achieve a permanent memory. We also ask students to listen stories we provide to them at least twice a week. Listening is an important component in building language senses. During the entire six-year CHINESE LEARNING SERIES instruction, the development of reading comprehension progresses following the order of "listening to read", "semi-independent reading" and "independent reading".More detail series and course information, go to http://gwcs-md.orgPlease e-mail your "order confirmation" to gwcsmd@gmail to get DVD1 shipment.
This book discusses both architecture- and circuit-level design aspects of voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO)-based analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), especially focusing on mitigation of VCO nonlinearity and the improvement of power efficiency. It shows readers how to develop power-efficient complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) ADCs for applications such as LTE, 802.11n, and VDSL2+. The material covered can also be applied to other specifications and technologies. Design of Power-Efficient Highly Digital Analog-to-Digital Converters for Next-Generation Wireless Communication Systems begins with a general introduction to the applications of an ADC in communications systems and the basic concepts of VCO-based ADCs. The text addresses a wide range of converter architectures including open- and closed-loop technologies. Special attention is paid to the replacement of power-hungry analog blocks with VCO-based circuits and to the mitigation of VCO nonline arity. Various MATLAB®/Simulink® models are provided for important circuit nonidealities, allowing designers and researchers to determine the required specifications for the different building blocks that form the systematic integrated-circuit design procedure. Five different VCO-based ADC design examples are presented, introducing innovations at both architecture and circuit levels. Of these designs, the best power efficiency of a high-bandwidth oversampling ADC is achieved in a 40 nm CMOS demonstration. This book is essential reading material for engineers and researchers working on low-power-analog and mixed-signal design and may be used by instructors teaching advanced courses on the subject. It provides a clear overview and comparison of VCO-based ADC architectures and gives the reader insight into the most important circuit imperfections.
China’s growth potential has become a hotly debated topic as the economy has reached an income level susceptible to the “middle-income trap” and financial vulnerabilities are mounting after years of rapid credit expansion. However, the existing literature has largely focused on macro level aggregates, which are ill suited to understanding China’s significant structural transformation and its impact on economic growth. To fill the gap, this paper takes a deep dive into China’s convergence progress in 38 industrial sectors and 11 services sectors, examines past sectoral transitions, and predicts future shifts. We find that China’s productivity convergence remains at an early stage, with the industrial sector more advanced than services. Large variations exist among subsectors, with high-tech industrial sectors, in particular the ICT sector, lagging low-tech sectors. Going forward, ample room remains for further convergence, but the shrinking distance to the frontier, the structural shift from industry to services, and demographic changes will put sustained downward pressure on growth, which could slow to 5 percent by 2025 and 4 percent by 2030. Digitalization, SOE reform, and services sector opening up could be three major forces boosting future growth, while the risks of a financial crisis and a reversal in global integration in trade and technology could slow the pace of convergence.
This book aims to explore the development model of Great Bay Area (GBA) of China as economic engine under the context of open policy. Based on comprehensive research, both theoretically and practically, on the leading free ports in the world and the regional development of well-known bay areas, it analyzes the challenges and opportunities of GBA synergetic free ports. A series of initiatives on the development of GBA synergetic free ports are proposed, including the synergy of space, industry, finance, technological innovation, institution, social governance, and personnel. Also, it ends with a system dynamic model to simulate the regional impact on GBA synergetic free ports, which indicates that economic development, trade, government finance, and population agglomeration would be improved significantly, in the GBA synergetic free ports scenario.
Visual Question Answering (VQA) usually combines visual inputs like image and video with a natural language question concerning the input and generates a natural language answer as the output. This is by nature a multi-disciplinary research problem, involving computer vision (CV), natural language processing (NLP), knowledge representation and reasoning (KR), etc. Further, VQA is an ambitious undertaking, as it must overcome the challenges of general image understanding and the question-answering task, as well as the difficulties entailed by using large-scale databases with mixed-quality inputs. However, with the advent of deep learning (DL) and driven by the existence of advanced techniques in both CV and NLP and the availability of relevant large-scale datasets, we have recently seen enormous strides in VQA, with more systems and promising results emerging. This book provides a comprehensive overview of VQA, covering fundamental theories, models, datasets, and promising future directions. Given its scope, it can be used as a textbook on computer vision and natural language processing, especially for researchers and students in the area of visual question answering. It also highlights the key models used in VQA.
The connected dominating set has been a classic subject studied in graph theory since 1975. Since the 1990s, it has been found to have important applications in communication networks, especially in wireless networks, as a virtual backbone. Motivated from those applications, many papers have been published in the literature during last 15 years. Now, the connected dominating set has become a hot research topic in computer science. In this book, we are going to collect recent developments on the connected dominating set, which presents the state of the art in the study of connected dominating sets. The book consists of 16 chapters. Except the 1st one, each chapter is devoted to one problem, and consists of three parts, motivation and overview, problem complexity analysis, and approximation algorithm designs, which will lead the reader to see clearly about the background, formulation, existing important research results, and open problems. Therefore, this would be a very valuable reference book for researchers in computer science and operations research, especially in areas of theoretical computer science, computer communication networks, combinatorial optimization, and discrete mathematics.
This book focuses on the basic control and filtering synthesis problems for discrete-time switched linear systems under time-dependent switching signals. Chapter 1, as an introduction of the book, gives the backgrounds and motivations of switched systems, the definitions of the typical time-dependent switching signals, the differences and links to other types of systems with hybrid characteristics and a literature review mainly on the control and filtering for the underlying systems. By summarizing the multiple Lyapunov-like functions (MLFs) approach in which different requirements on comparisons of Lyapunov function values at switching instants, a series of methodologies are developed for the issues on stability and stabilization, and l2-gain performance or tube-based robustness for l∞ disturbance, respectively, in Chapters 2 and 3. Chapters 4 and 5 are devoted to the control and filtering problems for the time-dependent switched linear systems with either polytopic uncertainties or measurable time-varying parameters in different sense of disturbances. The asynchronous switching problem, where there is time lag between the switching of the currently activated system mode and the controller/filter to be designed, is investigated in Chapter 6. The systems with various time delays under typical time-dependent switching signals are addressed in Chapter 7.
The book addresses the control issues such as stability analysis, control synthesis and filter design of Markov jump systems with the above three types of TPs, and thus is mainly divided into three parts. Part I studies the Markov jump systems with partially unknown TPs. Different methodologies with different conservatism for the basic stability and stabilization problems are developed and compared. Then the problems of state estimation, the control of systems with time-varying delays, the case involved with both partially unknown TPs and uncertain TPs in a composite way are also tackled. Part II deals with the Markov jump systems with piecewise homogeneous TPs. Methodologies that can effectively handle control problems in the scenario are developed, including the one coping with the asynchronous switching phenomenon between the currently activated system mode and the controller/filter to be designed. Part III focuses on the Markov jump systems with memory TPs. The concept of σ-mean square stability is proposed such that the stability problem can be solved via a finite number of conditions. The systems involved with nonlinear dynamics (described via the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model) are also investigated. Numerical and practical examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the obtained theoretical results. Finally, some perspectives and future works are presented to conclude the book.
The author reviews the Confucian tradition through the two concepts, religion and humanities. Chinese scholars always adopt Zongjiao and Renwen from the ancient Chinese documents as the Chinese translation of religion and humanities. In respect of their own contexts of culture, the Chinese words and the English words share some similarities in meaning, but also have some vital differences. This book covers the major phases of the development of Confucianism, which have a wide historical span from the Pre-Qin period to the contemporary era with a focus on Confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties. Relevant ideas of modern Western disciplines such as philosophy of religion, religious studies and theology are employed by the author as references, not criteria, to illuminate key ideas in Confucian tradition and highlight the features of Confucianism as a religious or spiritual humanism. In some chapters, the author compares the eastern thinkers and theories with those western ones.
In my senior year of high school, my class had a physical education class, and after a name-tearing event, I was the only one who had ever finished class... If you were abandoned by the world, there was no law, no morality, no bondage, and there was only one thing left in your world, and that was to live! If it did happen, would you stick to your conscience or go down with it?
Exiled Pilgrims contains thirty-two personal accounts by people who, as teenagers, went to rural China in 1964 and 1965. Barred from high school or college by political discrimination, the authors left the cities for the countryside in hopes of redeeming their “original sin” while making a difference in rural China with their hard work, only to find out that their idealism was futile in a mundane world and absurd time. Thus their pilgrimage to an illusory utopia turned into a painful search for truth and a tough struggle to liberate themselves against enormous odds. The book is the first and only collection of stories by members of a once marginalized and heretofore largely unheard-of group in contemporary China. "The stories of these young 'exiled pilgrims' bring the reader uplifting examples of the resilience of the human spirit. Their stories are heart-breaking, but the voice is never cynical, and hope is a constant. Exiled Pilgrims is a treasure." Carole Head, High Point University "The stories compiled here detail the daily life of a strange and fascinating period, always with emotion, often with humor, showing that one can speak about serious things without being dry. Reading this book is an excellent and pleasant way to understand the real China under Mao." Michel Bonnin, School for Advanced Studies in Social Sciences, Paris "These individualized accounts reflect the shining—and somewhat sad—lives of pre-Cultural Revolution zhiqing. In their stories, the authors not only record their personal experiences, but also provide insightful explanation for the origins, evolution, and impact of such phenomena as the implementation of the class line at schools and the utopian orientation among the Chinese youth in the early and mid-1960s. Together with the valuable photos and rare documents, stories in Exiled Pilgrims give us a fairly comprehensive portrayal of the collective journey of pre-Cultural Revolution zhiqing." Liu Xiaomeng, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing
In the currency culture of human history, there are two wonderful works that are immortal. One is that of China, an ancient Oriental civilization, which has influenced the currency culture of many Asian countries for more than a thousand years. The other is the monetary culture of ancient Greece, the birthplace of western monetary culture, which later gave rise to the Arab and Indian coin systems. This book presents survey on Chinese ancient currency of all ages, before moving on to elaborate upon the history of currency culture exchange between China and other countries, such as ancient Greece and Rome, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Southern Asia, Western and central Asia. It considers the influence of Chinese currency on the currency development of the neighboring Asian regions and countries, as well as the interaction between ancient Chinese coins and European and American coins in different periods.
San Guo Yan Yi is one of the best-known classic Chinese novels in the English-speaking world. The earliest English translation came out in 1820, while a range of further translations have been produced over the past two hundred years. How do the different versions relate to each other? This volume examines the intertextual relations between the English translations of San Guo Yan Yi. Intertextuality refers to the interdependence of texts in relation to one another. Focusing on the perspectives of impact, quotation, parallels and transformation, the author compares a range of the translated versions, including two full-length translations and over twenty excerpted renderings and partial adaptations since the 1820s. She discovers that excerpted translations are selected to fit the translators’ own narrations, and are adapted to many genres, such as poetry, drama, fairytales, and textbooks. Moreover, the original text, translated texts and other related English works are interconnected in one large network, for which intertextuality offers an ideal basis for research. Students and scholars of Chinese literature and translation studies will benefit from this book.
This book highlights the main advances in fiber electronics, like fiber-shaped solar cells, batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, light-emitting devices, memristors and communication devices from the standpoints of material synthesis, structure design and property enhancement. It focuses on revealing the separation and transport mechanisms of charges, establishing transport equations for electrons and ions, and emphasizing integration methods in fiber devices. In closing, it reviews emerging applications based on fiber devices that could accelerate their large-scale production in the near future. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, graduate students and undergraduate students in a wide variety of fields such as advanced materials, energy, electrochemistry, applied physics, nanoscience and nanotechnology, polymer science and engineering and biomedical science. It also benefits many non-specialist industrialists who are working to promote new technologies.
General Airgap Field Modulation Theory for Electrical Machines Introducing a new theory for electrical machines Air-gap magnetic field modulation phenomena have been widely observed in electrical machines. This book serves as the first English-language overview of these phenomena, as well as developing systematically for the first time a general theory by which to understand and research them. This theory not only serves to unify analysis of disparate electrical machines, from conventional DC machines, induction machines, and synchronous machines to unconventional flux-switching permanent magnet machines, Vernier machines, doubly-fed brushless machines etc., but also paves the way towards the creation of new electrical machine topologies. General Airgap Field Modulation Theory for Electrical Machines includes both overviews of key concepts in electrical machine engineering and in-depth specialized analysis of the novel theory itself. It works through the applications of the developed theory before proceeding to both qualitative analysis of the theory’s operating principles and quantitative analysis of its parameters. Readers will also find: The collective experience of four award-winning authors with long records of international scholarship on this subject Three separate chapters covering the principal applications of the theory, with detailed examples Discussion of potential innovations made possible by this theory General Airgap Field Modulation Theory for Electrical Machines is an essential introduction to this theory for postgraduates, researchers, and electrical engineers.
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