This book provides a complete practical guide of processing data in public health with R language. On the basis of the author’s research and teaching experiences, this book serves either as a textbook for undergraduates and graduates in public health or as a tutorial for self-learning. Many first-hand examples are presented with source data, R scripts, and graphs, as well as detailed explanations, which could be easily reproduced by readers so as to better understand the data processing principles and procedures. Popular and novel R packages in public health are introduced as well.
There has been a multitude of studies focused on the COVID-19 pandemic across fields and disciplines as all sectors of life have had to adjust the way things are done and adapt to the constantly shifting environment. These studies are crucial as they provide support and perspectives on how things are changing and what needs to be done to stay afloat. Connecting COVID-19-related studies and big data analytics is crucial for the advancement of industrial applications and research areas. Applied Big Data Analytics and Its Role in COVID-19 Research introduces the most recent industrial applications and research topics on COVID-19 with big data analytics. Featuring coverage on a broad range of big data technologies such as data gathering, artificial intelligence, smart diagnostics, and mining mobility, this publication provides concrete examples and cases of usage of data-driven projects in COVID-19 research. This reference work is a vital resource for data scientists, technical managers, researchers, scholars, practitioners, academicians, instructors, and students.
This paper applies state-of-the-art deep learning techniques to develop the first sentiment index measuring member countries’ reception of IMF policy advice at the time of Article IV Consultations. This paper finds that while authorities of member countries largely agree with Fund advice, there is variation across country size, external openness, policy sectors and their assessed riskiness, political systems, and commodity export intensity. The paper also looks at how sentiment changes during and after a financial arrangement or program with the Fund, as well as when a country receives IMF technical assistance. The results shed light on key aspects on Fund surveillance while redefining how the IMF can view its relevance, value added, and traction with its member countries.
This book focuses on the morphology, exine ornamentation and the associated evolutionary trends of crabapple pollen and anatomical developmental patterns. To examine the genetic evolutionary patterns of crabapple pollen traits, we constructed an interval distribution function based on characteristic pollen parameters and used a binary trivariate data matrix (Xi Yi Zi) to reflect the exine ornamentation regularity of the pollen. Our findings should inform the taxonomic status of the genus Malus. Pollen electron micrographs from a total of 26 species and 81 cultivars of Malus were recorded in this book. All 107 figures and 642 scanned pollen images constitute primary data obtained by the authors. The images in this book are clear, three-dimensional, and aesthetically pleasing. They are accompanied with text descriptions and provided a method for the indication of the different types of information that can be expected. This book can provide a reference for scientific researchers, students, and teachers in tertiary institutions that are engaged in research concerning crabapple production.
Flexible Batteries highlights the key advances in flexible batteries, a booming new direction in the energy storage field. The authors first introduce lithium-ion batteries, which are currently the most widely used batteries. Flexible aqueous batteries such as aqueous lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and zinc-ion batteries are discussed subsequently due to the safety concerns in organic electrolytes. Since flexible metal-air batteries are recognized as primary choices for the next generation, the authors take lithium-air and aluminum-air batteries as examples to explore their applications in flexible battery construction. They further summarize flexible batteries under the most challenging working conditions such as stretching and integrating flexible batteries with flexible energy harvesting devices, sensors, and supercapacitors. Covering both fundamental and application development, this book may effectively bridge academics and industry. It will be helpful not only to scholars and students studying materials science and engineering, chemical engineering, physics, energy science, and biomedical science but also to scientists and engineers in the industry.
The definitive compendium of bioassay procedures and applications A virtual encyclopedia of key bioassay protocols, this up-to-date, essential resource reviews the methods and applications of bioassays that quantify drug activity and evaluate the validity of pharmacological models. Demonstrating the specific ways in which various pharmaceutical bioassays interpret the activity of drug molecules, the book covers the evaluation and screening of drug compounds in a wide spectrum of therapeutic categories. Throughout, the authors use various models to link experimental observations with findings that clarify the effect of drug compounds on cellular biology and measure the pharmacological activity of chemical substances. This provides an important technological platform for successful drug research and clinical therapy, making Pharmaceutical Bioassays an ideal sourcebook for pharmacologists, pharmaceutical and medical researchers, analytical chemists, toxicologists, and students. Just as a fundamental knowledge of pharmaceutical bioassays is vital to understanding how bioactive agents and new drugs are defined, discovered, and developed, so too is this indispensable reference, which: Offers a complete reference on pharmaceutical bioassays and their specific applications in the assessment of therapies for cancer, Alzheimer’s, diabetes, epilepsy, inflammation, antimalarials, pharmacogenomics, and other major therapeutic areas Covers bioassays that measure toxicity, including those for chemical toxicity and hepatoxicity—a particularly significant consideration in the development of safe and tolerable medications Highlights clinically relevant methods, ideas, and techniques to support any pharmaceutical researcher Suggests guidelines and systems to enhance communication between pharmacologists, chemists, and biologists Provides an informative analysis of pharmaceutical bioassay technologies and lab applications
While focusing on various interactions between trait genes/QTL and dynamic expressions of conditional QTL genes, this book also discusses aspects of molecular marker-assisted breeding, and applications of molecular markers associated with yield, quality, physiology and disease resistance in wheat. It covers QTL studies in wheat breeding and presents the available information on wheat MAS breeding. This volume provides a wealth of novel information, a wide range of applications and deep insights into crop genetics and molecular breeding, which is valuable not only for plant breeders but also for academic faculties, senior researchers and advanced graduate students who are involved in plant breeding and genetics. Dr. Jichun Tian is a professor at the Department of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China.
Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems A novel exploration of distributed control in power systems with insightful discussions of physical and cyber restrictions In Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems an accomplished team of engineers deliver a comprehensive introduction to distributed optimal control in power systems. The book re-imagines control design within the framework of cyber-physical systems with restrictions in both the physical and cyber spaces, addressing operational constraints, non-smooth objective functions, rapid power fluctuations caused by renewable generations, partial control coverage, communication delays, and non-identical sampling rates. This book bridges the gap between optimization and control in two ways. First, optimization-based feedback control is explored. The authors describe feedback controllers which automatically drive system states asymptotically to specific, desired optimal working points. Second, the book discusses feedback-based optimization. Leveraging the philosophy of feedback control, the authors envision the online solving of complicated optimization and control problems of power systems to adapt to time-varying environments. Readers will also find: A thorough argument against the traditional and centralized hierarchy of power system control in favor of the merged approach described in the book Comprehensive explorations of the fundamental changes gripping the power system today, including the increasing penetration of renewable and distributed generation, the proliferation of electric vehicles, and increases in load demand Data, tables, illustrations, and case studies covering realistic power systems and experiments In-depth examinations of physical and cyber restrictions, as well as the robustness and adaptability of the proposed model Perfect for postgraduate students and researchers with the prerequisite knowledge of power system analysis, operation, and dynamics, convex optimization theory, and control theory, Merging Optimization and Control in Power Systems is an advanced and timely treatment of distributed optimal controller design.
This book presents a detailed background to the circular economy in China, explores government measures to promote it in China’s market economy, and introduces the supporting laws and policies. The book goes on to describe, from a technology perspective, successful circular economy practices in sectors such as agriculture, iron and steel, cement, coal-fired power, chemistry, paper manufacturing and city mineral. This book sheds some light on what China has done and achieved to change the mode of economic development in order to minimize its negative impacts on resources and the environment. Readers will learn from and be inspired by China’s circular economy practices. Industrializing countries can also draw on China’s experiences to solve their own problems, enabling them to make their economic development resource-saving and more environmentally friendly. If this is achieved, this book can be considered a modest contribution to the sustainability of human society.
This book provides a comprehensive introduction of Fog Radio Access Networks (F-RANs), from both academic and industry perspectives. The authors first introduce the network architecture and the frameworks of network management and resource allocation for F-RANs. They then discuss the recent academic research achievements of F-RANs, such as the analytical results of theoretical performance limits and optimization theory-based resource allocation techniques. Meanwhile, they discuss the application and implementations of F-RANs, including the latest standardization procedure, and the prototype and test bed design. The book is concluded by summarizing the existing open issues and future trends of F-RANs. Includes the latest theoretical and technological research achievements of F-RANs, also discussing existing open issues and future trends of F-RANs toward 6G from an interdisciplinary perspective; Provides commonly-used tools for research and development of F-RANs such as open resource projects for implementing prototypes and test beds; Includes examples of prototype and test bed design and gives tools to evaluate the performance of F-RANs in simulations and experimental circumstances.
This book includes six chapters aiming to introduce global pipeline inspection and health monitoring technologies comprehensively. The pipeline is the blood vessel of the energy system and a vital lifeline project. After many years of service, the pipeline gradually enters the aging stage. Pipeline inspection and health monitoring can effectively reduce the failure and accident risks of the pipeline, and it is conducive to integrity management. Through case analysis, practitioners can have a deeper understanding of the application of related technologies.
Self-driving vehicles are a rapidly growing area of research and expertise. Theories and Practice of Self-Driving Vehicles presents a comprehensive introduction to the technology of self driving vehicles across the three domains of perception, planning and control. The title systematically introduces vehicle systems from principles to practice, including basic knowledge of ROS programming, machine and deep learning, as well as basic modules such as environmental perception and sensor fusion. The book introduces advanced control algorithms as well as important areas of new research. This title offers engineers, technicians and students an accessible handbook to the entire stack of technology in a self-driving vehicle. Theories and Practice of Self-Driving Vehicles presents an introduction to self-driving vehicle technology from principles to practice. Ten chapters cover the full stack of driverless technology for a self-driving vehicle. Written by two authors experienced in both industry and research, this book offers an accessible and systematic introduction to self-driving vehicle technology. Provides a comprehensive introduction to the technology stack of a self-driving vehicle Covers the three domains of perception, planning and control Offers foundational theory and best practices Introduces advanced control algorithms and high-potential areas of new research Gives engineers, technicians and students an accessible handbook to self-driving vehicle technology and applications
China Contemporary Art is about the present and future of Chinese contemporary art. Striving for diversity and dynamicity, Chinese contemporary art has become more and more a true reflection of contemporary society and culture, with art works based solely on image patterns and symbolisation rapidly leaving the gallery-and-museum-quality scene. That is the purview of this book. China Contemporary Art presents art through individual artists. It is comprised of two sections. The first introduces Chinese artists who already enjoy a certain level of influence and success in the international contemporary art scene, presenting their most recent works, ideas and practices. The second section selects the twelve most independent and individual young artists in China, presenting their diverse and innovative techniques and artworks. Through this book, the reader will gain a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the latest developments in Chinese contemporary art, and be able to make judgments about its future possibilities.
This book is devoted to analysis and design on delta operator systems. When sampling is fast, a dynamical system will become difficult to control, which can be seen in wide real world applications. Delta operator approach is very effective to deal with fast sampling systems. Moreover, it is easy to observe and analyze the control effect with different sampling periods in delta operator systems. The framework of this book has been carefully constructed for delta operator systems to handle sliding mode control, time delays, filter design, finite frequency and networked control. These problems indeed are especially important and significant in automation and control systems design. Through the clear framework of the book, readers can easily go through the learning process on delta operator systems via a precise and comfortable learning sequence. Following this enjoyable trail, readers will come out knowing how to use delta operator approach to deal with control problems under fast sampling case. This book should be a good reference for academies, post-graduates scientists and engineers working in the field of control science and control engineering.
This thesis focuses on the problem of fault detection, diagnosis and avoidance. The main premise of the work is on the development of embedded intelligence in control system so that faults and failures can be diagnosed and detected on an online basis. While we assume that the nature of the faults are known in advance, the conditions leading to these faults and failures are assumed to be unknown in some cases and known in others. Starting with a fully deterministic system with multiple autonomous agents capable of peer-to-peer communication, we present a solution to detect and diagnose deadlocks, and reconfigure control laws to ensure that these faults are avoided in the future. We then present a model for cases where response to the faults is handled in a centralized fashion. These results are then extended to distributed systems where communication and collaboration between agents range from non-existent to a moderate level of information exchange. As part of this work we also present results on how additional information could enhance the fault diagnosis capabilities of agents. The thesis concludes with a short description on how such a multi-agent system can be implemented in real practice.
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