Penelope Maddy's Books

The Logical Must

Wittgenstein on Logic

By: Penelope Maddy

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Maddy's short monograph looks at Wittgenstein's philosophy of logic, from the perspective of the form of naturalism that she calls "second philosophy." That view takes an empirical approach to logical truth -- essentially arguing that if philosophers want to understand the world, they should start from a position informed by scientific understandings of the world, because science is often a reliable guide to how the world works. Similarly, just like science, logic is also grounded in the structure of our world, and our basic cognitive machinery is tuned by evolutionary pressures to detect that structure where it occurs. Ludwig Wittgenstein (particularly in the "Tractatus") also linked the logical structure of representation with the structure of the world, but still insisted that the sense of our representations must be given prior to -- independently of -- any facts about how the world happens to be. When that requirement is removed, Wittgenstein's position in the Tractatus approaches Maddy's Second Philosophy -- that logic is grounded in the structure of the world and our representational systems reflect that structuring. The later Wittgenstein also hews closely to Second Philosophy, holding that our logical practices are grounded in our interests and motivations, and our natural inclinations, and the features of the world. In this sense, logic is no different from other descriptions of the world -- just more general and responding to features so basic and ubiquitous that they tend to go unnoticed. Maddy's Second Philosophy finds Wittgenstein as an important precursor and kindred spirit, and promotes a new view of him as a naturalistic phliosopher"--

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147

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Oxford University Press, USA

Published Date

ISBN 10

0199391750

ISBN 13

9780199391752

Naturalism in Mathematics

By: Penelope Maddy

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Naturalism in Mathematics

By: Penelope Maddy

Our much-valued mathematical knowledge rests on two supports: the logic of proof and the axioms from which those proofs begin. Naturalism in Mathematics investigates the status of the latter, the fundamental assumptions of mathematics. These were once held to be self-evident, but progress in work on the foundations of mathematics, especially in set theory, has rendered that comforting notion obsolete. Given that candidates for axiomatic status cannot be proved, what sorts of considerations can be offered for or against them? That is the central question addressed in this book. One answer is that mathematics aims to describe an objective world of mathematical objects, and that axiom candidates should be judged by their truth or falsity in that world. This promising view—realism—is assessed and finally rejected in favour of another—naturalism—which attends less to metaphysical considerations of objective truth and falsity, and more to practical considerations drawn from within mathematics itself. Penelope Maddy defines this naturalism, explains the motivation for it, and shows how it can be helpfully applied in the assessment of candidates for axiomatic status in set theory. Maddy's clear, original treatment of this fundamental issue is informed by current work in both philosophy and mathematics, and will be accessible and enlightening to readers from both disciplines.

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265

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Clarendon Press

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ISBN 10

0191518972

ISBN 13

9780191518973

A Plea for Natural Philosophy

And Other Essays

By: Penelope Maddy

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A Plea for Natural Philosophy

And Other Essays

By: Penelope Maddy

A plea for natural philosophy --On the question of realism --Hume and Reid --Moore's hands --Wittgenstein on hinges --A note on truth and reference --The philosophy of logic --A Second Philosophy of logic --Psychology and the a priori sciences --Do numbers exist? --Enhanced if-thenism.

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329

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Oxford University Press

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ISBN 10

0197508855

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9780197508855

What Do Philosophers Do?

Skepticism and the Practice of Philosophy

By: Penelope Maddy

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What Do Philosophers Do?

Skepticism and the Practice of Philosophy

By: Penelope Maddy

How do you know the world around you isn't just an elaborate dream, or the creation of an evil neuroscientist? If all you have to go on are various lights, sounds, smells, tastes and tickles, how can you know what the world is really like, or even whether there is a world beyond your own mind? Questions like these -- familiar from science fiction and dorm room debates -- lie at the core of venerable philosophical arguments for radical skepticism: the stark contention that we in fact know nothing at all about the world, that we have no more reason to believe any claim -- that there are trees, that we have hands -- than we have to disbelieve it. Like non-philosophers in their sober moments, philosophers, too, find this skeptical conclusion preposterous, but they're faced with those famous arguments: the Dream Argument, the Argument from Illusion, the Infinite Regress of Justification, the more recent Closure Argument. If these can't be met, they raise a serious challenge not just to philosophers, but to anyone responsible enough to expect her beliefs to square with her evidence. What Do Philosophers Do? takes up the skeptical arguments from this everyday point of view, and ultimately concludes that they don't undermine our ordinary beliefs or our ordinary ways of finding out about the world. In the process, Maddy examines and evaluates a range of philosophical methods -- common sense, scientific naturalism, ordinary language, conceptual analysis, therapeutic approaches -- as employed by such philosophers as Thomas Reid, G. E. Moore, Ludwig Wittgenstein, and J. L. Austin. The result is a revealing portrait of what philosophers do, and perhaps a quiet suggestion for what they should do, for what they do best.

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265

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Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0190618698

ISBN 13

9780190618698

Naturalism in Mathematics: Naturalism. Wittgensteinian anti-philosophy ; A second Gödelian theme ; Quinean naturalism ; Mathematical naturalism ; The problem revisited ; A naturalist's case against

By: Penelope Maddy

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Naturalism in Mathematics: Naturalism. Wittgensteinian anti-philosophy ; A second Gödelian theme ; Quinean naturalism ; Mathematical naturalism ; The problem revisited ; A naturalist's case against

By: Penelope Maddy

Set theory has rendered the notion of self-evident truths to be obsolete in mathematics. Penelope Maddy examines this dilemma using the minimum of technical jargon. Set theory is explained in a manner that can be understood by non-mathematicians.

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254

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ISBN 10

0191597961

ISBN 13

9780191597961

Defending the Axioms

On the Philosophical Foundations of Set Theory

By: Penelope Maddy

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Defending the Axioms

On the Philosophical Foundations of Set Theory

By: Penelope Maddy

Mathematics depends on proofs, and proofs must begin somewhere, from some fundamental assumptions. The axioms of set theory have long played this role, so the question of how they are properly judged is of central importance. Maddy discusses the appropriate methods for such evaluations and the philosophical backdrop that makes them appropriate.

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161

Publisher

Oxford University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

0199596182

ISBN 13

9780199596188

Second Philosophy

A Naturalistic Method

By: Penelope Maddy

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Second Philosophy

A Naturalistic Method

By: Penelope Maddy

Many philosophers these days consider themselves naturalists, but it's doubtful any two of them intend the same position by the term. In this book, Penelope Maddy describes and practises a particularly austere form of naturalism called 'Second Philosophy'. Without a definitive criterion for what counts as 'science' and what doesn't, Second Philosophy can't be specified directly - 'trust only the methods of science!' or some such thing - so Maddy proceeds instead by illustrating the behaviours of an idealized inquirer she calls the 'Second Philosopher'. This Second Philosopher begins from perceptual common sense and progresses from there to systematic observation, active experimentation, theory formation and testing, working all the while to assess, correct and improve her methods as she goes. Second Philosophy is then the result of the Second Philosopher's investigations. Maddy delineates the Second Philosopher's approach by tracing her reactions to various familiar skeptical and transcendental views (Descartes, Kant, Carnap, late Putnam, van Fraassen), comparing her methods to those of other self-described naturalists (especially Quine), and examining a prominent contemporary debate (between disquotationalists and correspondence theorists in the theory of truth) to extract a properly second-philosophical line of thought. She then undertakes to practise Second Philosophy in her reflections on the ground of logical truth, the methodology, ontology and epistemology of mathematics, and the general prospects for metaphysics naturalized.

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464

Publisher

OUP Oxford

Published Date

ISBN 10

0191534315

ISBN 13

9780191534317

The Logical Must

Wittgenstein on Logic

By: Penelope Maddy

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The Logical Must

Wittgenstein on Logic

By: Penelope Maddy

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147

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Oxford University Press, USA

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ISBN 10

0199391750

ISBN 13

9780199391752

Philosophical Uses of Categoricity Arguments

By: Penelope Maddy,Jouko Väänänen

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Philosophical Uses of Categoricity Arguments

By: Penelope Maddy,Jouko Väänänen

This Element addresses the viability of categoricity arguments in philosophy by focusing with some care on the specific conclusions that a sampling of prominent figures have attempted to draw – the same theorem might successfully support one such conclusion while failing to support another. It begins with Dedekind, Zermelo, and Kreisel, casting doubt on received readings of the latter two and highlighting the success of all three in achieving what are argued to be their actual goals. These earlier uses of categoricity arguments are then compared and contrasted with more recent work of Parsons and the co-authors Button and Walsh. Highlighting the roles of first- and second-order theorems, of external and internal theorems, the Element concludes that categoricity arguments have been more effective in historical cases that reflect philosophically on internal mathematical matters than in recent questions of pre-theoretic metaphysics.

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Cambridge University Press

Published Date

ISBN 10

1009432915

ISBN 13

9781009432917

What Do Philosophers Do?

Skepticism and the Practice of Philosophy

By: Penelope Maddy

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What Do Philosophers Do?

Skepticism and the Practice of Philosophy

By: Penelope Maddy

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265

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Oxford University Press

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0190618698

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9780190618698

Making Christmas Again

By: Penelope Marzec

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Making Christmas Again

By: Penelope Marzec

Celeste Greenfield' s life is a mess. As the whistleblower who uncovered her boss' s embezzlement, Celeste now has no job and a difficult future. Then her mother dies, and Celeste is shocked to discover a strange bequest in her mother' s will: The man renting the basement is given two years to find another venue for his online antique business. Entangled in the fear of testifying, dealing with the man in the basement and his son who was born with Down Syndrome, coupled with old memories of her younger sister's death, Celeste must navigate where God wants her...or if she can maintain her faith. Sawyer is devastated by Mrs. Greenfield' s death. She gave him a lifeline when his wife died and he was left as a clueless single father of a son with Down Syndrome. With his mentor' s grandmotherly help and resources, Sawyer has managed to build a life and is finally comfortable with his ability to provide for his son. When Celeste returns home, Sawyer' s world is turned upside down. Attracted to the woman who has charmed his son, he feels compelled to keep her at a distance. Most women shy away from single fathers, especially when they have a child with an extra chromosome. Still, Sawyer prays that she will become a part if their lives. Snowstorms, threats from Celeste's boss, the wake and funeral of her mother, and an impromptu Nativity play show Celeste and Sawyer that even if life throws a curve ball, the restorative power of God's love can make Christmas spectacular.

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126

Publisher

Pelican Ventures Book Group

Published Date

ISBN 10

1522304924

ISBN 13

9781522304920

After She Left

By: Penelope Hanley

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After She Left

By: Penelope Hanley

When young Irish artist Deirdre O’Mara emigrates from the remote Blasket Islands to Sydney’s The Rocks in the 1920s, she makes an indelible mark on conservative society with her surrealist art and bohemian ways. Just after the Second World War, Deirdre leaves for Europe to be with her lover – leaving behind her estranged daughter and a family secret. Years later, Deirdre’s granddaughter Keira is determined to discover the secret and her mother, Maureen, clinging to her own fears of the past and a desire to change her future, fights to stop her. When the three women’s lives intersect amidst the emerging women’s liberation movement and political tension in 1970s Sydney, what price will be paid for the deceptions of the past?

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401

Publisher

Simon and Schuster

Published Date

ISBN 10

1925384837

ISBN 13

9781925384833

A Critical History of French Children's Literature

Volume One: 1600–1830

By: Penelope E. Brown

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A Critical History of French Children's Literature

Volume One: 1600–1830

By: Penelope E. Brown

These books are the first full-length, comprehensive study written in English of French children’s literature. They provide both an overview of developments from the seventeenth century to the present day and detailed discussion of texts that are representative, innovative, or influential best-sellers in their own time and beyond. French children’s literature is little known in the English-speaking world and, apart from a small number of writers and texts, has been relatively neglected in scholarly studies, despite the prominence of the study of children’s literature as a discipline. This project is groundbreaking in its coverage of a wide range of genres, tracing the evolution of children’s books in France from early courtesy books, fables and fairy tales, to eighteenth-century moral tales and educational drama, nineteenth-century novels of domestic realism and adventure stories and contemporary detective fiction and fantasy novels. The discussion traces the relationship between children’s literature and social change, revealing the extent to which children’s books were informed by pedagogical, moral, religious and political agenda and explores the implications of the dual imperatives of instruction and amusement which have underpinned writing for young readers throughout the centuries.

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500

Publisher

Routledge

Published Date

ISBN 10

1135872007

ISBN 13

9781135872007

The Monsters We Defy

By: Leslye Penelope

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The Monsters We Defy

By: Leslye Penelope

[P]itch perfect, with wit, romance, and a lovable found family." ―Publishers Weekly (starred review) "This smart and entertaining, magical heist novel hits all the right notes!" ―T.L. Huchu NPR Best Book of 2022! Paste Best Fantasy Book of 2022! "Never make a deal with shadows at night, especially ones that know your name.” Washington D. C., 1925: Clara Johnson can talk to spirits—a gift that saved her during her darkest moments, now a curse that’s left her indebted to the cunning spirit world. So when a powerful spirit offers her an opportunity to gain her freedom, Clara seizes the chance, no questions asked. The task: steal a magical ring from the wealthiest woman in the District. Clara can’t pull off this daring heist alone. She’ll need the help of an unlikely team, from a handsome jazz musician able to hypnotize with a melody to an aging actor who can change his face, to pull off the impossible. But as they race along DC’s legendary Black Broadway, conflict in the spirit world begins to leak into the human one—an insidious mystery is unfolding, one that could cost Clara her life and change the fate of an entire city. The Monsters We Defy is a timely and dazzling historical fantasy that weaves together African American folk magic, history, and romance.

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347

Publisher

Redhook

Published Date

ISBN 10

031637802X

ISBN 13

9780316378024

A Plea for Natural Philosophy

And Other Essays

By: Penelope Maddy

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A Plea for Natural Philosophy

And Other Essays

By: Penelope Maddy

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329

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Oxford University Press

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0197508855

ISBN 13

9780197508855

Book's by Penelope Maddy

The Logical Must

The Logical Must

Naturalism in Mathematics

Naturalism in Mathematics

A Plea for Natural Philosophy

A Plea for Natural Philosophy

What Do Philosophers Do?

What Do Philosophers Do?

Naturalism in Mathematics: Naturalism. Wittgensteinian anti-philosophy ; A second Gödelian theme ; Quinean naturalism ; Mathematical naturalism ; The problem revisited ; A naturalist's case against

Naturalism in Mathematics: Naturalism. Wittgensteinian anti-philosophy ; A second Gödelian theme ; Quinean naturalism ; Mathematical naturalism ; The problem revisited ; A naturalist's case against

Defending the Axioms

Defending the Axioms

Second Philosophy

Second Philosophy

The Logical Must

The Logical Must

Philosophical Uses of Categoricity Arguments

Philosophical Uses of Categoricity Arguments

What Do Philosophers Do?

What Do Philosophers Do?

Making Christmas Again

Making Christmas Again

After She Left

After She Left

A Critical History of French Children's Literature

A Critical History of French Children's Literature

The Monsters We Defy

The Monsters We Defy

A Plea for Natural Philosophy

A Plea for Natural Philosophy

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