A trenchant defense of hierarchy in different spheres of our lives, from the personal to the political All complex and large-scale societies are organized along certain hierarchies, but the concept of hierarchy has become almost taboo in the modern world. Just Hierarchy contends that this stigma is a mistake. In fact, as Daniel Bell and Wang Pei show, it is neither possible nor advisable to do away with social hierarchies. Drawing their arguments from Chinese thought and culture as well as other philosophies and traditions, Bell and Wang ask which forms of hierarchy are justified and how these can serve morally desirable goals. They look at ways of promoting just forms of hierarchy while minimizing the influence of unjust ones, such as those based on race, sex, or caste. Which hierarchical relations are morally justified and why? Bell and Wang argue that it depends on the nature of the social relation and context. Different hierarchical principles ought to govern different kinds of social relations: what justifies hierarchy among intimates is different from what justifies hierarchy among citizens, countries, humans and animals, and humans and intelligent machines. Morally justified hierarchies can and should govern different spheres of our social lives, though these will be very different from the unjust hierarchies that have governed us in the past. A vigorous, systematic defense of hierarchy in the modern world, Just Hierarchy examines how hierarchical social relations can have a useful purpose, not only in personal domains but also in larger political realms.
A study of multispectral image processing and pattern recognition. It covers: geometric and orthogonal moments; minimum description length method for facet matching; an integrated vision system for ALV navigation; fuzzy Bayesian networks; and more.
This book is the most comprehensive description of the decades-long Non-Axiomatic Reasoning System (NARS) project, including its philosophical foundation, methodological consideration, conceptual design details, implications in the related fields, and its similarities and differences to many related works in cognitive science. While most current works in Artificial Intelligence (AI) focus on individual aspects of intelligence and cognition, NARS is designed and developed to attack the AI problem as a whole.
This book provides a systematic and comprehensive description of Non-Axiomatic Logic, which is the result of the author''s research for about three decades.Non-Axiomatic Logic is designed to provide a uniform logical foundation for Artificial Intelligence, as well as an abstract description of the OC laws of thoughtOCO followed by the human mind. Different from OC mathematicalOCO logic, where the focus is the regularity required when demonstrating mathematical conclusions, Non-Axiomatic Logic is an attempt to return to the original aim of logic, that is, to formulate the regularity in actual human thinking. To achieve this goal, the logic is designed under the assumption that the system has insufficient knowledge and resources with respect to the problems to be solved, so that the OC logical conclusionsOCO are only valid with respect to the available knowledge and resources. Reasoning processes according to this logic covers cognitive functions like learning, planning, decision making, problem solving, This book is written for researchers and students in Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science, and can be used as a textbook for courses at graduate level, or upper-level undergraduate, on Non-Axiomatic Logic.
This book focuses on the control of fractal behaviors in nonlinear dynamics systems, addressing both the principles and purposes of control. For fractals in different systems, it presents revealing studies on the theory and applications of control, reflecting a spectrum of different control methods used with engineering technology. As such, it will benefit researchers, engineers, and graduate students in fields of fractals, chaos, engineering, etc.
This book addresses a number of questions from the perspective of complex systems: How can we quantitatively understand the life phenomena? How can we model life systems as complex bio-molecular networks? Are there any methods to clarify the relationships among the structures, dynamics and functions of bio-molecular networks? How can we statistically analyse large-scale bio-molecular networks? Focusing on the modeling and analysis of bio-molecular networks, the book presents various sophisticated mathematical and statistical approaches. The life system can be described using various levels of bio-molecular networks, including gene regulatory networks, and protein-protein interaction networks. It first provides an overview of approaches to reconstruct various bio-molecular networks, and then discusses the modeling and dynamical analysis of simple genetic circuits, coupled genetic circuits, middle-sized and large-scale biological networks, clarifying the relationships between the structures, dynamics and functions of the networks covered. In the context of large-scale bio-molecular networks, it introduces a number of statistical methods for exploring important bioinformatics applications, including the identification of significant bio-molecules for network medicine and genetic engineering. Lastly, the book describes various state-of-art statistical methods for analysing omics data generated by high-throughput sequencing. This book is a valuable resource for readers interested in applying systems biology, dynamical systems or complex networks to explore the truth of nature.
Modular Forms with Integral and Half-Integral Weights" focuses on the fundamental theory of modular forms of one variable with integral and half-integral weights. The main theme of the book is the theory of Eisenstein series. It is a fundamental problem to construct a basis of the orthogonal complement of the space of cusp forms; as is well known, this space is spanned by Eisenstein series for any weight greater than or equal to 2. The book proves that the conclusion holds true for weight 3/2 by explicitly constructing a basis of the orthogonal complement of the space of cusp forms. The problem for weight 1/2, which was solved by Serre and Stark, will also be discussed in this book. The book provides readers not only basic knowledge on this topic but also a general survey of modern investigation methods of modular forms with integral and half-integral weights. It will be of significant interest to researchers and practitioners in modular forms of mathematics. Dr. Xueli Wang is a Professor at South China Normal University, China. Dingyi Pei is a Professor at Guangzhou University, China.
This book is a full review of China's foreign trade in the past 70 years of institutional changes and reform. It presents a magnificent historical overview for China's economic history, sometimes full of trials and hardships, while facing the growth and rise. The author aims to build a unique narrative system to analyze the success and failure, gain and loss during the period, and present the China path in foreign trade among numerous events and different stages under a complex context. It is a must-read book for readers who are interested in China's foreign trade during 1949–2019.
Optical character recognition and document image analysis have become very important areas with a fast growing number of researchers in the field. This comprehensive handbook with contributions by eminent experts, presents both the theoretical and practical aspects at an introductory level wherever possible.
This book aims to explain and explore the distribution mechanism adopted by China, which prioritizes distribution according to performance while taking factors of production into consideration. This mechanism is designed in the context of current market-oriented economy, but it also leads to problems such as the widening income gap among the citizens. Besides serving for economic growth, the authors proposed balancing the interests through policies among different groups as one of the key role for distribution system, which may slow down or even stop the trend of widening income gap. And the authors also provided possible measures for this purpose.
Character and handwriting recognition by computers is attracting much attention particularly because of its potential for application in many areas such as office automation, bank check processing, recognition of postal addresses and ZIP Codes, signature verification, and document and text recognition.Over the past four decades, many methods have been proposed, developed and tested for computers to recognize characters, and they have been reported in a variety of publications. The present volume is a coherent and integrated publication containing papers which give new research results in this increasingly active field. It is a boon to researchers, scientists and engineers who need to keep abreast of new developments in character and handwriting methodologies and applications.
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