Are you ready for some good old-fashioned romance in a contemporary setting? Then you’ll enjoy these nine stories of modern women who are forced to slow down and take a new look at dating and romance when new men enter their lives. For some it will take vacation time, others will discover through music, while some need the gentle nudges from both God and Grandma. Delight in discovering how chivalry is not dead despite the stresses of today’s world.
Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fifth Edition With HKPropel Online Video, presents foundational concepts that support a thorough understanding of therapeutic interventions and rehabilitative techniques. Updated with the latest research in evidence-based practice, this text prepares students for careers in health care while serving as a valuable reference for experienced clinicians. Readers will learn what to expect when treating clients, how to apply evidence-based knowledge, and how to customize individual rehab programs. Related online video demonstrates 47 of the most challenging or novel techniques and can be used in the classroom or in everyday practice. Titled Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries in previous editions, the revised title supports the advancement of the field and better reflects the concepts and understanding of total rehabilitation of the patient. The content featured in Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries aligns with the accreditation standards of the Board of Certification (BOC) and prepares students for the BOC athletic trainers’ exam. Respected clinician Peggy A. Houglum, who has more than 50 years of experience in the field, leads the expert author team to provide evidence-based perspectives, updated theories, and real-world applications. The latest edition is enhanced with contributions from new authors Daniel E. Houglum and Kristine L. Boyle-Walker, who have over 54 combined years of experience as athletic trainers, physical therapists, and instructors. The fifth edition of Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries places a greater emphasis on higher-order skills. Although it continues to present therapeutic exercise interventions, added content includes the other aspects of rehabilitation that would be applied to patients in clinical situations, including therapeutic interventions of modalities. Specific aspects of examination that are necessary to designing a rehabilitation program are also included. This edition also includes a new section on joint manipulation and a new chapter on functional adaptations in rehabilitation that focuses on providing emotional support as well as physical support in helping patients return to activities of daily living. Video content is expanded with 11 new clips that highlight therapeutic techniques, and more than 450 color photos and 750 illustrations help to enhance comprehension and clarify complicated concepts. Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fifth Edition, provides thorough coverage of healing concepts, examination, and assessment techniques, ensuring students move from a solid understanding of the foundational skills and knowledge required of clinicians to comprehension of advanced problem-solving skills to make reliable rehabilitation decisions. The text demonstrates how to create rehabilitation programs using various modalities, manual therapy, and therapeutic exercise, and it highlights special considerations and applications for specific body regions. Learning aids include case studies that emphasize practical application, Evidence in Rehabilitation sidebars that focus on peer-reviewed research and its practical application, and Clinical Tips that illustrate key points in each chapter. Additional learning aids include chapter objectives, lab activities, key terms, critical thinking questions, and references. For maximum flexibility to match course needs, instructors wanting to teach specific topics can adopt particular chapters or sections of the book through the Human Kinetics custom ebook program. Note: A code for accessing online videos is not included with this ebook but may be purchased separately.
Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition With Online Video, presents foundational information that instills a thorough understanding of rehabilitative techniques. Updated with the latest in contemporary science and peer-reviewed data, this edition prepares upper-undergraduate and graduate students for everyday practice while serving as a referential cornerstone for experienced rehabilitation clinicians. The text details what is happening in the body, why certain techniques are advantageous, and when certain treatments should be used across rehabilitative time lines. Accompanying online video demonstrates some of the more difficult or unique techniques and can be used in the classroom or in everyday practice. The content featured in Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries aligns with the Board of Certification’s (BOC) accreditation standards and prepares students for the BOC Athletic Trainers’ exam. Author and respected clinician Peggy A. Houglum incorporates more than 40 years of experience in the field to offer evidence-based perspectives, updated theories, and real-world applications. The fourth edition of Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries has been streamlined and restructured for a cleaner presentation of content and easier navigation. Additional updates to this edition include the following: • An emphasis on evidence-based practice encourages the use of current scientific research in treating specific injuries. • Full-color content with updated art provides students with a clearer understanding of complex anatomical and physiological concepts. • 40 video clips highlight therapeutic techniques to enhance comprehension of difficult or unique concepts. • Clinical tips illustrate key points in each chapter to reinforce knowledge retention and allow for quick reference. The unparalleled information throughout Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition, has been thoroughly updated to reflect contemporary science and the latest research. Part I includes basic concepts to help readers identify and understand common health questions in examination, assessment, mechanics, rehabilitation, and healing. Part II explores exercise parameters and techniques, including range of motion and flexibility, proprioception, muscle strength and endurance, plyometrics, and development. Part III outlines general therapeutic exercise applications such as posture, ambulation, manual therapy, therapeutic exercise equipment, and body considerations. Part IV synthesizes the information from the previous segments and describes how to create a rehabilitation program, highlighting special considerations and applications for specific body regions. Featuring more than 830 color photos and more than 330 illustrations, the text clarifies complicated concepts for future and practicing rehabilitation clinicians. Case studies throughout part IV emphasize practical applications and scenarios to give context to challenging concepts. Most chapters also contain Evidence in Rehabilitation sidebars that focus on current peer-reviewed research in the field and include applied uses for evidence-based practice. Additional learning aids have been updated to help readers absorb and apply new content; these include chapter objectives, lab activities, key points, key terms, critical thinking questions, and references. Instructor ancillaries, including a presentation package plus image bank, instructor guide, and test package, will be accessible online. Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries, Fourth Edition, equips readers with comprehensive material to prepare for and support real-world applications and clinical practice. Readers will know what to expect when treating clients, how to apply evidence-based knowledge, and how to develop custom individual programs.
Understanding Disability details expected developmental stages for those without disabilities as well as the impact of disability at each of these periods. This is a much needed reference for working with a person with a disability, or with a family member or other interested party. Beginning with infancy and the diagnosis of congenital or early onset disabilities, the book identifies traditional developmental life stages and then provides specific information for four different disabilities: Down syndrome, visual impairment, cerebral palsy, and spina bifida. In addition, spinal cord injury is added at the young adult stage of development. The reader can thus determine expected age-appropriate activities and accomplishments as well as some adapted expectations. In keeping with a social work emphasis on strengths, the book is based on a social, rather than medical, model of disability.
A long-awaited history that promises to dramatically change our understanding of race in America, What Comes Naturally traces the origins, spread, and demise of miscegenation laws in the United States--laws that banned interracial marriage and sex, most often between whites and members of other races. Peggy Pascoe demonstrates how these laws were enacted and applied not just in the South but throughout most of the country, in the West, the North, and the Midwest. Beginning in the Reconstruction era, when the term miscegenation first was coined, she traces the creation of a racial hierarchy that bolstered white supremacy and banned the marriage of Whites to Chinese, Japanese, Filipinos, and American Indians as well as the marriage of Whites to Blacks. She ends not simply with the landmark 1967 case of Loving v. Virginia, in which the Supreme Court finally struck down miscegenation laws throughout the country, but looks at the implications of ideas of colorblindness that replaced them. What Comes Naturally is both accessible to the general reader and informative to the specialist, a rare feat for an original work of history based on archival research.
This guide provides the best practices and reference resources, both print and electronic, that can be used in conducting research on literature of the British Renaissance and Early Modern Period. This volume seeks to address specific research characteristics integral to studying the period, including a more inclusive canon and the predominance of Shakespeare.
Make learning medical terminology faster and more fun with Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th Edition! Featuring CDs with interactive games and audio pronunciations, this book helps you begin reading, writing, and speaking medical terms in the shortest time possible. Small chunks of information are always followed immediately by exercises, so students will be learning "every minute!" The many puzzles, activities, and games make it easier to understand and remember terminology. Written in a clear, conversational style by Peggy C. Leonard, MT, MEd, this book gives you the tools to communicate effectively in the health care environment. A companion CD reinforces learning with fun, interactive exercises, including medical reports and Hear It/Spell It exercises. Two audio CDs let you listen to correct pronunciations of medical terms and encourage you to pronounce each term aloud. A flexible, body systems organization lets you go through the material in any order after completing the orientation chapters, making it easy to coordinate your study with other courses such as anatomy and physiology. The programmed learning approach presents content in small blocks called 'frames' that allow you to learn the content and get immediate feedback on your progress before proceeding. Diverse learning styles are accommodated by a wide variety of exercises -- labeling diagrams, writing terms, choosing pronunciation accents, recognizing misspelled terms, matching word parts, interpreting terms within health reports, and categorizing terms. Unique! A conversational writing style makes the book more readable and enjoyable. Unique! Thorough explanations of terms help you understand and remember the material by presenting terminology in a medical context. A consistent format to body systems chapters uses categories to simplify the learning of terms, with each chapter including function; structure; diseases, disorders, and diagnostic terms; and surgical and therapeutic interventions. Healthcare reports and case studies allow you to apply your knowledge to real-life situations. A review of anatomy and physiology at the beginning of each body systems chapter provides a context for understanding the medical terminology. Drug information is integrated into the body systems chapters, with detailed information on specific drugs on CD. Caution boxes alert you to confusing terms. Spanish translations of key terms are listed in each chapter to help you communicate with Hispanic patients; glossaries are included in the appendix. Comprehensive end-of-chapter reviews correspond to the learning objectives at the beginning of the chapter. A bookmark includes a quick-reference guide to pronouncing terms plus a list of pronunciation symbols. A companion Evolve website includes study tips, electronic flashcards, Body Spectrum coloring pages, an English/Spanish glossary, learning activities that include Spanish term exercises, updates, and links to related sites.
Originally published in 1977. The Travellers, from those living in bow-tents and horse-drawn caravans to those dwelling in motor caravans and permanent homes, are an important source of traditional music. Their society means that songs that have died out in more settled communities are preserved among them. Ewan MacColl and Peggy Seeger, widely known as two of the founding singers of the British and American folk revivals, here display a vast fund of folklore scholarship around the songs of British travelling people. Resulting from extensive collecting in southern and southeastern England and central and northeastern Scotland in the 1960s and 70s, this book contains 130 songs with music and comprehensive notes relating them to folkloristic and historical points of interest. It includes traditional ballads and ballads of broadside origin, bawdy, tragic and humorous songs about love, work and death. Most are in English or in Scots dialect with four in Anglo-Romani.
This research-based book with practical applications teaches academic librarians to support their transfer students effectively at both universities and community colleges, even when transfer students' information literacy needs differ from those of other students. Colleges and universities across the United States serve a large and growing population of transfer students. Current estimates suggest that more than one third of college students transfer from one institution of higher education to another at least once. At some institutions, transfer students compose up to fifty to sixty percent of the new incoming class. Academic librarians' understanding of the demographics and potential needs of transfer students is essential to supporting their success and mitigating "transfer shock." Just as public libraries often bridge gaps between individuals and services, academic libraries can proactively support the often unique needs of transfer students by spearheading textbook affordability initiatives, developing innovative programming, and making appropriate referrals to non-library student services. In this practical guide to supporting transfer students, authors Peggy L. Nuhn and Karen F. Kaufmann teach academic librarians how to optimize information literacy instruction, support research, help reduce stress, and connect the library to virtual students. They emphasize the importance of establishing partnerships with feeder institutions and other campus departments to best support transfer student success.
Hightstown Borough and East Windsor Township are two neighboring New Jersey communities steeped in history. Over the years, the two towns have seen numerous important developments in agriculture and the area has served as a hub for small-town commerce and railroad travel. Several notable historic figures made their way through the region over the years as well, including Clara Barton, the Marquis de Lafayette, Horace Greeley, Phineas T. Barnum, and Woodrow Wilson.
One of New Jersey's oldest and most historic communities, Cranbury celebrated its 300th anniversary in 1997. Following the fantastic reception of Cranbury, an Images of America publication released in 1995, authors Peggy S. and Frank J. Brennan Jr. have developed the rich heritage of this community further in a marvelous second volume. The Brennans, Cranbury residents, reviewed more than 400 photographs to produce this vivid and thoroughly researched companion to the first book. They invite you to view the homes, churches, and public buildings that reflect a bygone era and discover the people, places, and events that contributed to life in Cranbury from the early nineteenth century through 1975. With its tree-lined Main Street and white, clapboard homes, old Cranbury brings to mind a simpler way of life in a younger, simpler America.
Media Ethics: Cases and Moral Reasoning, Ninth Edition challenges students to think analytically about ethical situations in mass communication by using original case studies and commentaries about real-life media experiences. This market-leading text facilitates and enhances students' ethical awareness by providing a comprehensive introduction to the theoretical principles of ethical philosophies. Media Ethics introduces the Potter Box (which uses four dimensions of moral analysis: definitions, values, principles and loyalties) to provide a framework for exploring the important steps in moral reasoning and analyzing the cases that follow. Focusing on a wide spectrum of ethical issues facing media practitioners, the cases in this new Ninth Edition include the most recent issues in journalism, broadcasting, advertising, public relations and entertainment.
In this much-needed text, the author provides dilemma-based teaching cases that teachers and early childhood leaders can analyze and discuss to build problem-solving and decision-making skills. Readers will reflect on challenges they are likely to experience in practice, addressing issues such as linguistically and culturally isolated children, children refusing to share with others, high-energy children struggling to develop self-regulation and executive function, and children experiencing trauma. They will also examine issues related to inadequate resources and teacher compensation. Each case portrays early childhood practitioners as they transform challenging scenarios into opportunities for the growth of social and emotional skills. This one-of-a-kind resource can be used for professional development, for courses that address the emotional and social development of young children, and with students beginning their supervised field experience to help bridge their research and practice. Book Features: Original teaching cases that combine research, theory, and the experiences of highly skilled teachers and leaders. Compelling narratives that encourage students to generate and share “inner portfolios” of emotionally intelligent strategies. Discussion questions for each case designed to stimulate analytic and critical reasoning. “Resources for Delving Deeper” for both research and best practice program guidance. A case-based professional development approach that instructors can use to balance both didactic presentations and supervised field experiences.
This book explores key applications of phage biotechnology and reviews recent advances in phage display technologies. The applications covered were selected on the basis of their significance and representativeness in the field. The small size and enormous diversity of bacteriophages make them ideal candidates for numerous applications across many industries. Since the discovery of phages and the advent of phage display systems, considerable attention has been focused on the development of novel therapeutic and industrial applications. Recent studies combine the genomic flexibility of phages with phage display systems in order to generate modified phages for targeted delivery.
The 18th century in Britain was a transition period for literature. Patronage, either by a benefactor or through subscription, lingered even as the publishing and bookselling industries developed. The practice of reviewing books became well established during the second half of the century, with the first periodical founded in 1749. For the literary scholar, these gradual changes mean that different search strategies are required to conduct research into primary and secondary source material across the era. Literary Research and the British Eighteenth Century addresses these unique challenges. It examines how the following all contribute to the richness of literary research for this era: book and periodical publishing; a growing literate society; dissemination of literature through salons, private societies, and coffee houses; the growing importance of book reviews; the explosion of publishing; and the burgeoning of primary source material available through new publishing and digital initiatives in the 21st century. This volume explores primary and secondary resources, including general literary research guides; union library catalogs; print and online bibliographies; scholarly journals; manuscripts and archives; 18th-century books, newspapers, and periodicals; contemporary reception; and electronic texts and journals, as well as Web resources. Each chapter addresses the research methods and tools best used to extract relevant information and compares and evaluates sources, making this book an invaluable guide to any literary scholar and student of the British eighteenth century.
Pearl Primus (1919-1994) blazed onto the dance scene in 1943 with stunning works that incorporated social and racial protest into their dance aesthetic. In "The Dance Claimed Me," Peggy and Murray Schwartz, friends and colleagues of Primus, offer an intimate perspective on her life and explore her influences on American culture, dance, and education. They trace Primus's path from her childhood in Port of Spain, Trinidad, through her rise as an influential international dancer, an early member of the New Dance Group (whose motto was "Dance is a weapon"), and a pioneer in dance anthropology. Primus traveled extensively in the United States, Europe, Israel, the Caribbean, and Africa, and she played an important role in presenting authentic African dance to American audiences. She engendered controversy in both her private and professional lives, marrying a white Jewish man during a time of segregation and challenging black intellectuals who opposed the "primitive" in her choreography. Her political protests and mixed-race tours in the South triggered an FBI investigation, even as she was celebrated by dance critics and by contemporaries like Langston Hughes. For "The Dance Claimed Me," the Schwartzes interviewed more than a hundred of Primus's family members, friends, and fellow artists, as well as other individuals to create a vivid portrayal of a life filled with passion, drama, determination, fearlessness, and brilliance.
In Kitchen Cures, television personality and holistic nutritionist Peggy Kotsopoulos shows you how to alleviate common health conditions with a diet that’s rich in flavour and nutrient-dense whole foods. Whether you have low energy or excess belly fat that you just can’t lose, are suffering from conditions triggered by inflammation or countless other health issues, Kitchen Cures is a unique resource that makes the simple connection between food and how you look and feel.
Building on the success and maintaining the 99 Jumpstarts format of the two previous books, 99 Jumpstarts for Kids' Social Studies Reports is divided into broad topical sections. Each topic is arranged in alphabetical order under its section. Topics are all new to this title and include the Ancient World, Historic World Events, State and Local History, US History, Government and Citizenship, Sociology, Culture and Economics. The book includes the following sections in each Jumpstart: A cited quote about the topic, Related Jumpstarts, New Words, You are There, Topics to Consider, Books, Internet, For the Teacher, and a relevant activity. Each Jumpstart provides a helpful pathfinder that enables students to efficiently access information and learn new information literacy skills as they research topics of personal interest or gather information for school reports. Grades 3-8.
Effective evaluation and measurement of learning and development initiatives is critical to maximise the impact of training, identify gaps for improvement and ensure that efforts are aligned to the business' needs. Learning Analytics outlines how analytical approaches can respond to these challenges, the types and benefits of technological solutions and how to ask the right questions of organizational data in order to build a learning organization that boosts performance and competitive advantage. Drawing upon case studies from organizations who have applied such approaches such as The Gap, Hilton Worldwide University and Seagate Technology, Learning Analytics will enable those involved in learning and development to make the business case for their activities and deliver an evidence-based service to their organizations. Alongside updated chapters on learning technology tools and moving beyond learning analytics to talent management analytics, this second edition also features new content on measuring informal learning, increasing data literacy, and framing L&D's contributions through a portfolio evaluation approach.
The 1931 Universal Pictures film adaptation of Frankenstein directed by James Whale and starring Boris Karloff as the now iconic Monster claims in its credits to be 'Adapted from the play by Peggy Webling'. Webling's play sought to humanize the creature, was the first stage adaptation to position Frankenstein and his creation as doppelgängers, and offered a feminist perspective on scientific efforts to create life without women, ideas that suffuse today's perceptions of Frankenstein's monster. The original play script exists in several different versions, only two of which have ever been consulted by scholars; no version has ever been published. Nor have scholars had access to Webling's private papers and correspondence, preserved in a family archive, so that the evolution of Frankenstein from book to stage to screen has never been fully charted. In Peggy Webling and the Story behind Frankenstein, Dorian Gieseler Greenbaum (Webling's great grandniece) and Bruce Graver present the full texts of Webling's unpublished play for the first time. A vital critical edition, this book includes: - the 1927 British Library Frankenstein script used for the first production of the play in Preston, Lancashire - the 1928 Frankenstein script in the Library of Congress, used for productions in UK provincial theatres from autumn 1928 till 1930 - the 1930 Frankenstein Prompt Script for the London production and later provincial performances, held by the Westminster Archive, London - Webling's private correspondence including negotiations with theatre managers and Universal Pictures, family letters about the writing and production process, and selected contracts - Text of the chapter 'Frankenstein' from Webling's unpublished literary memoir, The Story of a Pen for additional context - Biography of Webling that bears directly on the sensibilities and skills she brought to the writing of her play - History of how the play came to be written and produced - The relationship of Webling's play to earlier stage and film adaptations - An exploration of playwright and screenwriter John L. Balderston's changes to Webling's play and Whale's borrowings from it in the 1931 film Offering a new perspective on the genesis of the Frankenstein movie, this critical exploration makes available a unique and necessary 'missing link' in the novel's otherwise well-documented transmedia cultural history.
This book is a collection of biographical sketches of some of the leading figures of our time, though the figures aren't people but configurations of words. Proposing that such words constitute an active force that can lead us into certain attitudes and behavior with realizing it, Rosenthal shows how our leading language acquired such power and suggests ways to escape its control.
Ideal for self-paced or distance-learning courses, the text's unique modular format contains practice exercises and posttests throughout, allowing students to master one section of the material before moving on to the next.Visit this text's Web site at http://nursing.jbpub.com/stanfield/
In this sweeping revision of a text that has become an authoritative standard, expert instructor and librarian Peggy Johnson addresses the art of controlling and updating library collections, whether located locally or accessed remotely.
From the blackboard to the graphing calculator, the tools developed to teach mathematics in America have a rich history shaped by educational reform, technological innovation, and spirited entrepreneurship. In Tools of American Mathematics Teaching, 1800–2000, Peggy Aldrich Kidwell, Amy Ackerberg-Hastings, and David Lindsay Roberts present the first systematic historical study of the objects used in the American mathematics classroom. They discuss broad tools of presentation and pedagogy (not only blackboards and textbooks, but early twentieth-century standardized tests, teaching machines, and the overhead projector), tools for calculation, and tools for representation and measurement. Engaging and accessible, this volume tells the stories of how specific objects such as protractors, geometric models, slide rules, electronic calculators, and computers came to be used in classrooms, and how some disappeared.
The Contented Vegan is more than a cookbook. This is a practical guide to positive change to benefit future generations – and you'll truly enjoy the tasty dishes' Jane Goodall PhD, DBE How to lead a happy, healthy vegan lifestyle The Contented Vegan is your essential guide to transitioning to a vegan lifestyle, combining delicious recipes with practical, inspirational and reassuring advice on making the switch. Food writer Peggy Brusseau has been a vegan for over thirty years, and is often asked for guidance by people considering changing their diet. How do I get enough protein? How can I eat a plant-based diet when my partner doesn't want to? Is it safe for kids? In this book she answers all these questions and more, as well as providing over 100 simple, tasty recipes to inspire you in the kitchen, from breakfasts and snacks, through to easy midweek suppers and celebration feasts. Beautifully photographed throughout, The Contented Vegan provides all the information you need to become a happy, healthy, contented vegan.
With the turn of the century our ability to collect and store geospatial information has increased considerably. This has resulted in ever-increasing amounts of heterogeneous geospatial data, an issue that poses new challenges and opportunities. As these rich sources of data are made available, users rely, now more than ever, on the geospatial data
What strategies do great principals use to influence teachers, students, and classroom instruction? This best-selling book by Joseph Blase and Peggy C. Kirby, now in its third edition, provides the answers from the teachers themselves. New material in this revised edition compares the authors' original research findings with recent literature on transformational leadership, school productivity, and adult learning, as well as the ISLLC and ELCC standards. Such comparisons underscore the continued timeliness and timelessness of this teacher's-eye view of effective school leadership. The book offers strategies and related practices that allow leaders to use the power of praise, influence others by using expectations and involvement, encourage professional autonomy lead by standing behind, suggest rather than direct, use formal authority positively, ideal for experienced or aspiring school principals, this enlightening and compact resource provides invaluable perspectives on how to motivate and inspire classroom teachers."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
This volume unravels the politics surrounding behind China’s hegemonic project of heritage tourism development in Lijiang. It provides a compelling study of the dialectical relationships between global and domestic capital, the state, tourists and locals as they collude, collaborate and contest one another to ready Lijiang for tourist consumption. Using rich material from insightful interviews and quantitative data, the authors show how complex tourism development can be even as it strives to do good for the community. Su and Teo investigate the practices of contestation and negotiation of identity within Lijiang; analyze the negotiations that transform material and vernacular landscapes; and suggests strategies that will enable sustained tourism interest in this location. Linking Gramsci’s theory on hegemony to the cultural politics of space, this book has two major strengths: it establishes a theoretical framework to conceptualize power relations in tourism space and provides critical insights into the rapidly shifting socio-political landscape of contemporary China. Comparisons with other Chinese heritage sites are also provided. By addressing the power struggles inevitable in the process of tourism development, The Politics of Heritage Tourism in China provides an innovative understanding of China’s dynamic politics in a period of transition. As such, it will address the needs of students and academic scholars working in the fields of China studies, tourism, cultural studies, urban studies, sociology, geography, political science and heritage studies.
Your Voice at City Hall answers a major question of urban politics and government: "What difference does it make if city councils are elected at-large or by geographically defined districts or wards?" During the past fifteen years, numerous American cities, particularly those in the South and Southwest, have witnessed efforts to replace at-large councils with district systems. Prior studies have reported that geographically concentrated minority groups are more likely to win council seats under districts. Heilig and Mundt demonstrate conclusively the minority advantage under districts, and they go beyond the questions addressed in existing research to see what actually happened in ten cities that adopted districts. Through two years of intensive investigation they have determined the effects of districts on local politics, council-constituency interactions, the procedures of council decision-making, and outcomes of those decisions. The result is an important theoretical and empirical contribution to our understanding of urban politics and of representation in general.
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