Due to the increase competition in the global markets, companies are increasingly receptive to new tools, which help them to improve their processes in terms of economic, environmental and social aspects. This paper aims to analyze an already existent retrofit tool called SustainPro in order to assess the level of input detail required for the analysis. Three scenarios with an increased level of input detail were analyzed. SustainPro was run to all the scenarios and conclusions were taken about the achieved output: indicators sensitivity and the design outcome suggested by the methodology. This work presents a new approach to simplify the input data used in this retrofit analysis (SustainPro) when used by industrial companies, which usually present very complex flowsheets. This study will be based on a formaldehyde production process accomplished by a Portuguese company.
Due to the increase competition in the global markets, companies are increasingly receptive to new tools, which help them to improve their processes in terms of economic, environmental and social aspects. This paper aims to analyze an already existent retrofit tool called SustainPro in order to assess the level of input detail required for the analysis. Three scenarios with an increased level of input detail were analyzed. SustainPro was run to all the scenarios and conclusions were taken about the achieved output: indicators sensitivity and the design outcome suggested by the methodology. This work presents a new approach to simplify the input data used in this retrofit analysis (SustainPro) when used by industrial companies, which usually present very complex flowsheets. This study will be based on a formaldehyde production process accomplished by a Portuguese company.
Context-aware systems aim to deliver a rich user experience by taking into account the current user context (location, time, activity, etc.), possibly captured without his intervention. For example, cell phones are now able to continuously update a user’s location while, at the same time, users execute an increasing amount of activities online, where their actions may be easily captured (e.g. login in a web application) without user consent. In the last decade, this topic has seen numerous developments that demonstrate its relevance and usefulness. The trend was accelerated with the widespread availability of powerful mobile devices (e.g. smartphones) that include a myriad of sensors which enable applications to capture the user context. However, there are several challenges that must be addressed; we focus on scalability (large number of context aware messages) and privacy (personal data that may be propagated). This book is organized in five chapters starting with an introduction to the theme raising the most important challenges. Then, chapter two presents several important definitions (establishing a common ground for the following chapters) and taxonomy. These are important to chapter three which describes some of the most relevant distributed context-aware systems that can be classified according to the taxonomy. Privacy is addressed in chapter four and chapter five presents some important conclusions. The audience for this book is wide; researchers, students and professionals interested in the areas addressed will find the most relevant information regarding scalability and privacy in distributed context-aware systems.
Offers a compendium of information on retrosynthesis and process chemistry, featuring innovative "reaction maps" showing synthetic routes of some widely used drugs This book illustrates how the retrosynthetic tool is applied in the Pharmaceutical Industry. It considers and evaluates the many viable synthetic routes that can be used by practicing industrialists, guiding readers through the various steps that lead to the "best" processes and the limits encountered if these are put into practice on an industrial scale of seven key Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API). It presents an evaluation of the potential each process has for implementation, before merging the two points of view—of retrosynthesis and process chemistry—in order to show how retrosynthetic analysis assists in selecting the most efficient route for an industrial synthesis of a particular compound whilst giving insight into the industrial process. The book also uses some key concepts used by process chemists to improve efficiency to indicate the best route to select. Each chapter in Retrosynthesis in the Manufacture of Generic Drugs Selected Case Studies is dedicated to one drug, with each containing information on: worldwide sales and patent status of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API); structure analysis and general retrosynthetic strategy of the API; first reported synthesis; critical analysis of the processes which have been developed and comparison of the synthetic routes; lessons learned; reaction conditions for Schemes A to X; chemical "highlights" on key reactions used during the synthesis; and references. Drugs covered include: Gabapentin, Clopidogrel, Citalopram and Escitalopram, Sitagliptin, Ezetimibe, Montelukast, and Oseltamivir. Show how the retrosynthetic tool is used by the Pharmaceutical Industry Fills a gap for a book where retrosynthetic analysis is systematically applied to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) Features analyses and methodologies that aid readers in uncovering practical synthetic routes to other drug substances, whether they be NCEs (New Chemical Entities) or generic APIs (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients) Presents information from both the patent and academic literature for those who wish to use as a basis for further study and thought Features the use of "reaction maps" which display several synthetic processes in the same scheme, and which allow easy comparisons of different routes that give the same molecule or intermediate. A selection of these maps are available to download from: https://www.wiley.com/go/santos/retrosynthesis Retrosynthesis in the Manufacture of Generic Drugs Selected Case Studies is an ideal book for researchers and advanced students in organic synthetic chemistry and process chemistry. It will also be of great benefit to practitioners in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly new starters, and those new to process chemistry.
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